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五、阅读理解
Are you the kind of person who doesn't like school? Or are you more like Michael Nicholson, who can't stop learning? He has 30 degrees (学位), including 22 master's and a doctor's! If you're also crazy about studying, you might be a philomath—a person who loves to learn and study. The word comes from Greek with "phil" meaning "a lover of " and "math" meaning "learning".
Humans are all philomaths in a way—our brain (大脑) is born to be curious. We want to learn and understand, not only to know the world better but also because of something called neoteny. This word means the childlike features of some animals, including humans, that stay with them even when they become adults (成年人). One of these features is neuroplasticity (神经可塑性), which helps our brains stay flexible—this gives us the ability to learn all our lives. Many animals which are close to us in DNA, like primates (灵长类), can't do this and can only learn during their youth.
★ Lots of people remember their school days as being boring or even meaningless. Why is it? Scientists have suggested that if an idea is too difficult or boring, it becomes harder to bring old and new ideas together. If this happens, we lose interest and take in less information. This experience of education at school may lead to (导致) people giving up learning chances in later life.
So, don't let a bad educational experience stop you learning something new as an adult. We are lifelong learners by nature, so make good use of your biology and find out your natural philomath. Who knows what you could make happen?
（
A. give an example
B. make comparison (对比)
C. raise a question
D. list numbers
（
A. Work very hard.
B. Forget things quickly.
C. Be able to change easily.
D. Move slowly and carefully.
（
A. And being a philomath is easy.
B. So school education is the most important.
C. And children would try hard at school.
D. Many people love learning, but still there are some can't stand (忍受) it.
（
A. introduce what a philomath is
B. tell us the importance of learning
C. show how a philomath develops
D. encourage us to be a lifelong learner
Are you the kind of person who doesn't like school? Or are you more like Michael Nicholson, who can't stop learning? He has 30 degrees (学位), including 22 master's and a doctor's! If you're also crazy about studying, you might be a philomath—a person who loves to learn and study. The word comes from Greek with "phil" meaning "a lover of " and "math" meaning "learning".
Humans are all philomaths in a way—our brain (大脑) is born to be curious. We want to learn and understand, not only to know the world better but also because of something called neoteny. This word means the childlike features of some animals, including humans, that stay with them even when they become adults (成年人). One of these features is neuroplasticity (神经可塑性), which helps our brains stay flexible—this gives us the ability to learn all our lives. Many animals which are close to us in DNA, like primates (灵长类), can't do this and can only learn during their youth.
★ Lots of people remember their school days as being boring or even meaningless. Why is it? Scientists have suggested that if an idea is too difficult or boring, it becomes harder to bring old and new ideas together. If this happens, we lose interest and take in less information. This experience of education at school may lead to (导致) people giving up learning chances in later life.
So, don't let a bad educational experience stop you learning something new as an adult. We are lifelong learners by nature, so make good use of your biology and find out your natural philomath. Who knows what you could make happen?
（
A
）1. Michael Nicholson is talked about in Paragraph 1 to .A. give an example
B. make comparison (对比)
C. raise a question
D. list numbers
（
C
）2. What does the underlined phrase "stay flexible" in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Work very hard.
B. Forget things quickly.
C. Be able to change easily.
D. Move slowly and carefully.
（
D
）3. Which of the following can be put in " ★ "?A. And being a philomath is easy.
B. So school education is the most important.
C. And children would try hard at school.
D. Many people love learning, but still there are some can't stand (忍受) it.
（
D
）4. The writer's writing purpose (目的) is to .A. introduce what a philomath is
B. tell us the importance of learning
C. show how a philomath develops
D. encourage us to be a lifelong learner
答案
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需结合文章内容逐一分析题目：
1. 第1题：第一段通过Michael Nicholson拥有30个学位的实例，引出“philomath（爱学习的人）”的概念，目的是举例说明，故选A。
2. 第2题：定位到第二段，“stay flexible”所在句说明神经可塑性让大脑具备终身学习的能力，结合语境，该短语意为“能够轻易改变（适应）”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：空格位于第二段（人类天生爱学习）与第三段（很多人觉得学校学习无聊）之间，需承上启下，选项D连接了“爱学习”与“无法忍受学习”的转折，符合逻辑。
4. 第4题：最后一段作者呼吁不要因糟糕的教育经历放弃学习，强调天生是终身学习者，写作目的是鼓励成为终身学习者，故选D。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段先提出关于是否爱学习的问题，随后以Michael Nicholson拥有30个学位（含22个硕士和博士）的实例，引出“philomath”的定义，其作用是举例说明，因此选A。
2. 第2题：根据第二段，“neuroplasticity（神经可塑性）帮助大脑stay flexible，从而获得终身学习的能力”，结合“终身学习”的语境，“stay flexible”意为“能够轻易改变（适应）”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：空格处需衔接上下文，上文讲人类天生是爱学习的（philomath），下文讲很多人认为学校学习无聊，选项D“很多人爱学习，但仍有一些人无法忍受（学习）”符合转折过渡的逻辑，故选D。
4. 第4题：文章最后一段明确提出“不要让糟糕的教育经历阻止你作为成年人学习新事物，我们天生是终身学习者”，核心目的是鼓励读者成为终身学习者，因此选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解，词义猜测，主旨大意
【点评】
本题围绕“终身学习”主题设题，考查学生对英语文章的细节理解、词义推断、段落逻辑及主旨把握能力，题目设置常规，需结合上下文分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，需结合文章内容逐一分析题目：
1. 第1题：第一段通过Michael Nicholson拥有30个学位的实例，引出“philomath（爱学习的人）”的概念，目的是举例说明，故选A。
2. 第2题：定位到第二段，“stay flexible”所在句说明神经可塑性让大脑具备终身学习的能力，结合语境，该短语意为“能够轻易改变（适应）”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：空格位于第二段（人类天生爱学习）与第三段（很多人觉得学校学习无聊）之间，需承上启下，选项D连接了“爱学习”与“无法忍受学习”的转折，符合逻辑。
4. 第4题：最后一段作者呼吁不要因糟糕的教育经历放弃学习，强调天生是终身学习者，写作目的是鼓励成为终身学习者，故选D。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第一段先提出关于是否爱学习的问题，随后以Michael Nicholson拥有30个学位（含22个硕士和博士）的实例，引出“philomath”的定义，其作用是举例说明，因此选A。
2. 第2题：根据第二段，“neuroplasticity（神经可塑性）帮助大脑stay flexible，从而获得终身学习的能力”，结合“终身学习”的语境，“stay flexible”意为“能够轻易改变（适应）”，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：空格处需衔接上下文，上文讲人类天生是爱学习的（philomath），下文讲很多人认为学校学习无聊，选项D“很多人爱学习，但仍有一些人无法忍受（学习）”符合转折过渡的逻辑，故选D。
4. 第4题：文章最后一段明确提出“不要让糟糕的教育经历阻止你作为成年人学习新事物，我们天生是终身学习者”，核心目的是鼓励读者成为终身学习者，因此选D。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解，词义猜测，主旨大意
【点评】
本题围绕“终身学习”主题设题，考查学生对英语文章的细节理解、词义推断、段落逻辑及主旨把握能力，题目设置常规，需结合上下文分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
