五、词汇运用。
根据课文改编内容和首字母提示，写出一个完整正确的单词。
Let me tell you something about Stephen Hawking. He is r 1 as one of the greatest scientists of his time. He is famous for his scientific contributions and his courage to overcome great suffering, which has i 2 many people. Born in England in 1942, Hawking studied at the University of Oxford and later the University of Cambridge. S 3 after his 21st birthday, he was diagnosed with a serious disease that gradually took away his m 4 control, and doctors said he had only a few years to live. As his c 5 got worse, he had to use a wheelchair, but he remained positive. He said he was free in his mind even though he could not move or speak n 6. Hawking made great a 7 in studying the universe and the origin of space and time. His work changed people's view of the u 8. He also tried to make complex science easy to understand. His h 9 popular book, *A Brief History of Time* was very successful and translated into many languages. Hawking died at 76. People remember him not only for his s 10 success but also for his bravery. He never gave up, believing that one could always find something to do and succeed no matter how hard life was.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. regarded 2. inspired 3. Shortly 4. muscle 5. condition 6. normally 7. achievements 8. universe 9. highly 10. scientific

【分析】
本题为根据首字母及语境填写单词的题型，需先通读全文理解关于霍金的介绍内容，再逐空结合固定搭配、语法规则和语境语义分析：1空对应固定搭配“被认为是”；2空需用现在完成时的过去分词；3空是固定短语；4空修饰“控制”的名词；5空指病情状况；6空修饰动词的副词；7空是固定短语“取得成就”；8空对应“宇宙”的语境；9空修饰形容词的副词；10空修饰名词的形容词。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配be regarded as意为“被认为是”，结合语境“他被认为是他那个时代最伟大的科学家之一”，故填regarded；
2. 现在完成时结构为has+过去分词，结合语境“他的事迹激励了很多人”，inspire的过去分词是inspired，故填inspired；
3. 固定短语shortly after意为“在……之后不久”，句首首字母大写，故填Shortly；
4. 结合语境“疾病夺走了他的肌肉控制”，muscle（肌肉）作定语修饰control，故填muscle；
5. 结合语境“随着他的病情恶化”，condition（状况，病情）符合语义，故填condition；
6. 修饰动词move/speak需用副词，normally（正常地）符合“不能正常移动或说话”的语境，故填normally；
7. 固定搭配make achievements意为“取得成就”，此处用复数形式，故填achievements；
8. 结合语境“改变人们对宇宙的看法”，universe（宇宙）符合，故填universe；
9. 修饰形容词popular需用副词，highly（高度地）构成highly popular（高度受欢迎的），故填highly；
10. 修饰名词success需用形容词，scientific（科学的）符合“科学成就”的语境，故填scientific。
【答案】
1. regarded 2. inspired 3. Shortly 4. muscle 5. condition 6. normally 7. achievements 8. universe 9. highly 10. scientific
【知识点】
首字母填空、固定搭配、词汇运用
【点评】
本题为课文改编的首字母填空题，考查学生对词汇、固定搭配及语境的综合运用能力，需结合上下文语义和语法规则填写，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

六、阅读理解。（2025·江苏无锡期中）
I never thought much about my name until we came to Mango Street. Before that, we were always moving. When the pipes broke at our last apartment and the landlord refused to fix them, that was the final push. My parents found this house, our own house on Mango Street. No rent to pay, no house owner. But it wasn’t the house they had promised.
My father, holding a lottery ticket(彩票), would describe our future home: white, with a big yard, real stairs inside, running water, a basement, and three washrooms. My mother, in her bedtime stories, painted the same picture. The house on Mango Street is small and old. Its bricks are crumbling. The windows are small, and the front door is hard to open. There are no great elms(榆树), just four small ones. There’s one washroom for all of us. The stairs are just ordinary hallway stairs.
I thought I had accepted this. But a sharp memory often returns. A cleaner from my school saw me playing outside our old flat. “Where do you live?” she asked.
“There,” I said, pointing to the third floor with its peeling(脱落) paint.
“You live there?” The way she said it made me feel like nothing.
This feeling stayed with me, like a quiet friend, until my English class this week. Ms Rivera asked us to draw our “dream house”. My hand seemed to move on its own, guided by my father’s lottery dreams and my mother’s bedtime stories. I drew a white house with a green yard, real stairs, and three washrooms. I even added a little yellow bird in a tree.
Holding up my drawing, I felt a familiar pang of shame. It wasn’t real. But then, Alicia, who also lives on my street, whispered, “It’s beautiful, Esperanza. It looks like a real home.” She didn’t say her home was like that. She said it looked like one. And in that difference, I found a strange comfort. My name means “hope”, but it also means sadness and waiting. Maybe a
house is the same. Maybe it can be both what it is and what it could be. I pinned the drawing to my wall. It is not a lie, but a target. For the first time, the distance between Mango Street and that white house feels like a distance I can cross.
()1. What does the underlined “crumbling” mean in this passage?
A. Strong and new. B. Weak and broken.
C. Bright and red. D. Repaired and clean.
()2. How did the author’s feeling about her dream house change by the end of the story?
A. From shame to acceptance, seeing it as an aim for her future.
B. From hope to loss, realizing it was impossible to have one.
C. From excitement to boredom, losing interest in the drawing.
D. From sadness to anger, saying her parents caused their situation.
()3. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. My dream house B. A special drawing
C. The house on Mango Street D. From loss to hope

1. B 【点拨】根据第二段中的“The house on Mango Street is small and old. Its bricks are crumbling. The windows are small, and the front door is hard to open.”可知，房子又小又旧，砖块状况不佳，窗户小且门难开，说明房子破旧，所以画线单词应表示“破碎的”。故选B。
2. A 【点拨】根据最后一段可知，Esperanza 最初因梦想与现实的差距感到羞耻，但最终将绘画视为目标，态度从羞耻转为接纳。故选A。
3. C 【点拨】全文围绕“杧果街的房子”展开：从搬入杧果街的房子，到对比梦想中的房子，再到在杧果街获得慰藉并确立目标，“The house on Mango Street”是贯穿全文的核心线索。故选C。

【分析】
做这篇阅读理解题时，需结合上下文语境分析词义，通过文中关键语句把握人物情感变化，梳理文章核心线索确定主旨。第1题是词义猜测题，要根据前文提到的房子“small and old”及后文描述的破旧细节，推断划线词含义；第2题需定位文中体现作者情感的语句，梳理从羞耻到接纳的变化；第3题要找出贯穿全文的核心事物，确定文章主旨。
【解析】
1. 词义猜测题：根据第二段“The house on Mango Street is small and old. Its bricks are crumbling. The windows are small, and the front door is hard to open.”可知，房子破旧，划线词“crumbling”应表示“破碎的、破旧的”，对应选项B。
2. 情感变化题：根据最后一段“Holding up my drawing, I felt a familiar pang of shame... I pinned the drawing to my wall. It is not a lie, but a target.”可知，作者最初因梦想与现实的差距感到羞耻，最终将绘画视为未来的目标，情感从羞耻转为接纳，对应选项A。
3. 主旨大意题：全文围绕“Mango Street的房子”展开，从搬入该房子，到对比梦想中的房子，再到在该房子处获得慰藉并确立目标，它是贯穿全文的核心线索，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.C
【知识点】
词义猜测题、情感态度题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是一篇记叙文，以主人公对杧果街房子的情感变化为线索，考查学生的阅读理解能力，包括词义推断、情感把握和主旨归纳，需学生仔细阅读文本，抓住关键信息解题。
【难度系数】
0.6