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三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★
A thunderstorm was raging(肆虐) outside, but I was watching a TV drama on my sofa 1 my cat, warm and safe. Suddenly I heard 2 loud noise and the room went dark. I thought it was a power cut. But then I found my house was on fire. I called the firemen. I felt no fear till I couldn't find my cat. I was anxiously(焦急地) 3 (search) for it, but it was too dark. For the 4 (one) time I felt very afraid. 5 (luck), I found it by the back door soon. I picked it up and 6 (rush) out. We were both shaking. A few people were watching outside. For a moment, I stood with them and watched my house 7 (burn). I rang my parents, who came over and drove me away.
The next time I saw my house, it was on the news. And that was when I 8 (final) found out what had happened: My house had been hit by lightning. 9 (late) that morning I went back to the remains(残骸) of my house. The walls and the ceiling were still there, 10 everything was black and damaged.
1.
6.
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★
A thunderstorm was raging(肆虐) outside, but I was watching a TV drama on my sofa 1 my cat, warm and safe. Suddenly I heard 2 loud noise and the room went dark. I thought it was a power cut. But then I found my house was on fire. I called the firemen. I felt no fear till I couldn't find my cat. I was anxiously(焦急地) 3 (search) for it, but it was too dark. For the 4 (one) time I felt very afraid. 5 (luck), I found it by the back door soon. I picked it up and 6 (rush) out. We were both shaking. A few people were watching outside. For a moment, I stood with them and watched my house 7 (burn). I rang my parents, who came over and drove me away.
The next time I saw my house, it was on the news. And that was when I 8 (final) found out what had happened: My house had been hit by lightning. 9 (late) that morning I went back to the remains(残骸) of my house. The walls and the ceiling were still there, 10 everything was black and damaged.
1.
with
2. a
3. searching
4. first
5. Luckily
6.
rushed
7. burning
8. finally
9. Later
10. but
答案
1. with 2. a 3. searching 4. first
5. Luckily 6. rushed 7. burning 8. finally
9. Later 10. but
5. Luckily 6. rushed 7. burning 8. finally
9. Later 10. but
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，理解文章是记叙文，讲述作者经历雷暴天房屋被闪电击中着火的过程。逐个分析空格：1. 表伴随关系，用介词with；2. 泛指“一声巨响”，用不定冠词a；3. 过去进行时需用现在分词形式；4. 固定搭配要求用序数词；5. 副词修饰整个句子；6. 并列谓语时态需一致；7. 非谓语动词结构要求用现在分词；8. 副词修饰动词；9. 固定时间表达用对应副词；10. 前后句为转折关系，用转折连词。
【解析】
1. 考查介词：此处表示“和我的猫一起”，表伴随，故填with；
2. 考查冠词：泛指“一声巨响”，loud以辅音音素开头，故填a；
3. 考查过去进行时：结构为“was + 现在分词”，search的现在分词是searching，故填searching；
4. 考查序数词：固定搭配for the first time（第一次），故填first；
5. 考查副词：此处修饰整个句子，需用luck的副词形式Luckily，故填Luckily；
6. 考查并列谓语：与前面的picked（过去式）时态一致，rush的过去式是rushed，故填rushed；
7. 考查非谓语动词：watch sth doing sth表示“看到某物正在做某事”，故填burning；
8. 考查副词：此处修饰动词found，final的副词形式是finally，故填finally；
9. 考查副词：later that morning是固定表达，意为“那天上午晚些时候”，故填Later；
10. 考查连词：前后句为转折关系，故填but。
【答案】
with, a, searching, first, Luckily, rushed, burning, finally, Later, but
【知识点】
介词用法、冠词用法、动词形式变化
【点评】
本题为记叙文语境下的语法填空，围绕灾害防范主题，考查基础的介词、冠词、时态、非谓语、副词及连词等知识点，需结合语境和语法规则作答，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先通读全文，理解文章是记叙文，讲述作者经历雷暴天房屋被闪电击中着火的过程。逐个分析空格：1. 表伴随关系，用介词with；2. 泛指“一声巨响”，用不定冠词a；3. 过去进行时需用现在分词形式；4. 固定搭配要求用序数词；5. 副词修饰整个句子；6. 并列谓语时态需一致；7. 非谓语动词结构要求用现在分词；8. 副词修饰动词；9. 固定时间表达用对应副词；10. 前后句为转折关系，用转折连词。
【解析】
1. 考查介词：此处表示“和我的猫一起”，表伴随，故填with；
2. 考查冠词：泛指“一声巨响”，loud以辅音音素开头，故填a；
3. 考查过去进行时：结构为“was + 现在分词”，search的现在分词是searching，故填searching；
4. 考查序数词：固定搭配for the first time（第一次），故填first；
5. 考查副词：此处修饰整个句子，需用luck的副词形式Luckily，故填Luckily；
6. 考查并列谓语：与前面的picked（过去式）时态一致，rush的过去式是rushed，故填rushed；
7. 考查非谓语动词：watch sth doing sth表示“看到某物正在做某事”，故填burning；
8. 考查副词：此处修饰动词found，final的副词形式是finally，故填finally；
9. 考查副词：later that morning是固定表达，意为“那天上午晚些时候”，故填Later；
10. 考查连词：前后句为转折关系，故填but。
【答案】
with, a, searching, first, Luckily, rushed, burning, finally, Later, but
【知识点】
介词用法、冠词用法、动词形式变化
【点评】
本题为记叙文语境下的语法填空，围绕灾害防范主题，考查基础的介词、冠词、时态、非谓语、副词及连词等知识点，需结合语境和语法规则作答，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
四、阅读理解。
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
On January 15, 2022, an underwater volcano(火山) in Tonga erupted(爆发) in the South Pacific Ocean. Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean, home to about 105,000 people. The volcano, known as Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, is located off the coast of Tonga. Even though the volcano was underwater, it sent lots of gas, ash(灰烬) and stones 12 miles into the sky.
It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out internet service in the area. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea. Experts said it was not yet clear whether the cable had been broken during the event or had simply lost power.
A four-foot wave hit the capital, Nuku'alofa. People in low-lying areas were forced to go to higher ground. There were reports of serious damage in Tonga. Many houses near the shore were flooded. The biggest danger was probably from the smoke and ash from the volcano that had covered much of Tonga. The ash made the air dangerous to breathe, and it polluted many sources of drinking water.
New Zealand and Australia had sent teams to Tonga to help out. Some of the teams would use airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation. The large cloud of ash high above Tonga was making it impossible to get a good picture of what was happening in the area from above.
(
A. It is underwater and in an island nation.
B. More than 105,000 people live next to it.
C. It's quite far away from the South Pacific Ocean.
D. It sent stones into the water.
(
A. Changed.
B. Improved.
C. Destroyed.
D. Brought.
(
A. The ash from the volcano had covered much of Tonga.
B. The ash made the air in Tonga dangerous to breathe.
C. Houses in low-lying areas were completely damaged.
D. People in Tonga would be short of clean drinking water.
(
A. There was still a lot of ash in the air above Tonga.
B. The airplanes couldn't take off because of the ash.
C. The teams didn't know how to take a good picture.
D. The clouds in the sky stopped the teams seeing clearly.
主题群:灾害防范 子主题:自然灾害 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★★
On January 15, 2022, an underwater volcano(火山) in Tonga erupted(爆发) in the South Pacific Ocean. Tonga is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean, home to about 105,000 people. The volcano, known as Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai, is located off the coast of Tonga. Even though the volcano was underwater, it sent lots of gas, ash(灰烬) and stones 12 miles into the sky.
It took a while to get reports from Tonga because the event knocked out internet service in the area. Like most island nations, Tonga gets its internet through a cable that runs deep under the sea. Experts said it was not yet clear whether the cable had been broken during the event or had simply lost power.
A four-foot wave hit the capital, Nuku'alofa. People in low-lying areas were forced to go to higher ground. There were reports of serious damage in Tonga. Many houses near the shore were flooded. The biggest danger was probably from the smoke and ash from the volcano that had covered much of Tonga. The ash made the air dangerous to breathe, and it polluted many sources of drinking water.
New Zealand and Australia had sent teams to Tonga to help out. Some of the teams would use airplanes to get a better idea of the damage across the island nation. The large cloud of ash high above Tonga was making it impossible to get a good picture of what was happening in the area from above.
(
A
)1. What information can we get about the volcano in Paragraph 1?A. It is underwater and in an island nation.
B. More than 105,000 people live next to it.
C. It's quite far away from the South Pacific Ocean.
D. It sent stones into the water.
(
C
)2. What does the underlined expression "knocked out" mean?A. Changed.
B. Improved.
C. Destroyed.
D. Brought.
(
D
)3. Which of the following can we infer from Paragraph 3?A. The ash from the volcano had covered much of Tonga.
B. The ash made the air in Tonga dangerous to breathe.
C. Houses in low-lying areas were completely damaged.
D. People in Tonga would be short of clean drinking water.
(
A
)4. Why was it hard for the teams to know exactly what was happening in the area?A. There was still a lot of ash in the air above Tonga.
B. The airplanes couldn't take off because of the ash.
C. The teams didn't know how to take a good picture.
D. The clouds in the sky stopped the teams seeing clearly.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. A
解析
【分析】
做英语阅读理解题时，需先明确题型（细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断等），再回到原文定位对应内容，对比选项与原文信息，排除错误项得出答案。本题4道题分别对应细节查找、词义猜测、逻辑推断，需精准定位原文语句，区分直接陈述信息与推导结论。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位第一段，原文提到“an underwater volcano in Tonga... Tonga is an island nation”，说明火山位于汤加这个岛国的海底，A选项正确；B选项中“105,000人住在火山旁”与原文“汤加有这些人口”不符；C选项“远离南太平洋”与原文“在南太平洋”矛盾；D选项“将石头送入水中”与原文“将气体、灰烬、石块送入天空”不符，故选A。
2. 词义猜测题：后文提到汤加互联网靠海底电缆，火山爆发导致无法及时收到报告，说明互联网服务被破坏，“knocked out”意为“破坏、使失效”，C选项Destroyed符合语境；A改变、B改善、D带来均不符合，故选C。
3. 推理判断题：A、B选项是原文直接陈述内容，非推断；C选项“低洼地区房屋完全损坏”与原文“近岸房屋被淹”不符，“完全损坏”过于绝对；D选项“缺乏干净饮用水”可由原文“灰烬污染了饮用水源”推断得出，故选D。
4. 细节理解题：定位最后一段，原文提到“空中大量火山灰使得无法清晰了解情况”，A选项正确；B选项“飞机无法起飞”、C选项“团队不会拍照”、D选项“普通云层遮挡”均与原文不符，故选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文围绕汤加火山爆发的自然灾害事件展开，属于灾害防范主题群的记叙文阅读，考查学生信息提取、词义推断和逻辑推理能力，题目设置覆盖核心题型，需学生精准把握原文细节，区分直接信息与隐含结论，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
做英语阅读理解题时，需先明确题型（细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断等），再回到原文定位对应内容，对比选项与原文信息，排除错误项得出答案。本题4道题分别对应细节查找、词义猜测、逻辑推断，需精准定位原文语句，区分直接陈述信息与推导结论。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位第一段，原文提到“an underwater volcano in Tonga... Tonga is an island nation”，说明火山位于汤加这个岛国的海底，A选项正确；B选项中“105,000人住在火山旁”与原文“汤加有这些人口”不符；C选项“远离南太平洋”与原文“在南太平洋”矛盾；D选项“将石头送入水中”与原文“将气体、灰烬、石块送入天空”不符，故选A。
2. 词义猜测题：后文提到汤加互联网靠海底电缆，火山爆发导致无法及时收到报告，说明互联网服务被破坏，“knocked out”意为“破坏、使失效”，C选项Destroyed符合语境；A改变、B改善、D带来均不符合，故选C。
3. 推理判断题：A、B选项是原文直接陈述内容，非推断；C选项“低洼地区房屋完全损坏”与原文“近岸房屋被淹”不符，“完全损坏”过于绝对；D选项“缺乏干净饮用水”可由原文“灰烬污染了饮用水源”推断得出，故选D。
4. 细节理解题：定位最后一段，原文提到“空中大量火山灰使得无法清晰了解情况”，A选项正确；B选项“飞机无法起飞”、C选项“团队不会拍照”、D选项“普通云层遮挡”均与原文不符，故选A。
【答案】
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解题、词义猜测题、推理判断题
【点评】
本文围绕汤加火山爆发的自然灾害事件展开，属于灾害防范主题群的记叙文阅读，考查学生信息提取、词义推断和逻辑推理能力，题目设置覆盖核心题型，需学生精准把握原文细节，区分直接信息与隐含结论，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
