3 计算:$(-\dfrac{1}{36})÷(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{5}{6}+\dfrac{5}{12}-\dfrac{2}{9}-2\dfrac{1}{4})$
答案
$\dfrac{1}{92}$
4 计算:
(1)5+10+15+…+195+200;
(2)-1-2-3-4-…-199-200.
(1)5+10+15+…+195+200;
(2)-1-2-3-4-…-199-200.
答案
(1) 原式=(5+200)+(10+195)+(15+190)+…+(100+105)=205×20=4 100.
(2) 设 $S=-1-2-3-4-\dots-199-200$, ①
则 $S=-200-199-198-197-\dots-2-1.$ ②
由①+②,得 $2S=-201×200$,
即 $2S=-40\ 200$,
所以 $S=-20\ 100$,
即$-1-2-3-4-\dots-199-200=-20\ 100.$
(2) 设 $S=-1-2-3-4-\dots-199-200$, ①
则 $S=-200-199-198-197-\dots-2-1.$ ②
由①+②,得 $2S=-201×200$,
即 $2S=-40\ 200$,
所以 $S=-20\ 100$,
即$-1-2-3-4-\dots-199-200=-20\ 100.$
5 计算:
(1)$1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}$;
(2)$2-2^2-2^3-\dots-2^{2006}+2^{2007}$。
(1)$1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}$;
(2)$2-2^2-2^3-\dots-2^{2006}+2^{2007}$。
答案
(1) 设 $S=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}$, ①
则$\dfrac{1}{2}S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2^{2025}}.$ ②
由①-②,得$\dfrac{1}{2}S=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{2025}}$,所以 $S=2-\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}$,
即 $1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}=2-\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}.$
(2) 设 $S=-2^2-2^3-\dots-2^{2006}$, ①
则 $2S=-2^3-2^4-\dots-2^{2007}$, ②
由②-①,得 $S=2^2-2^{2007}$,
所以原式$=2+2^2-2^{2007}+2^{2007}=6.$
则$\dfrac{1}{2}S=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dfrac{1}{2^4}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2^{2025}}.$ ②
由①-②,得$\dfrac{1}{2}S=1-\dfrac{1}{2^{2025}}$,所以 $S=2-\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}$,
即 $1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^3}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}=2-\dfrac{1}{2^{2024}}.$
(2) 设 $S=-2^2-2^3-\dots-2^{2006}$, ①
则 $2S=-2^3-2^4-\dots-2^{2007}$, ②
由②-①,得 $S=2^2-2^{2007}$,
所以原式$=2+2^2-2^{2007}+2^{2007}=6.$
6 计算:
(1) $\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{20} + \frac{1}{30} + \frac{1}{42} + \frac{1}{56} + \frac{1}{72} + \frac{1}{90}$;
(2) $-\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{15} - \frac{1}{35} - \frac{1}{63} - \frac{1}{99} - \frac{1}{143}$。
(1) $\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6} + \frac{1}{12} + \frac{1}{20} + \frac{1}{30} + \frac{1}{42} + \frac{1}{56} + \frac{1}{72} + \frac{1}{90}$;
(2) $-\frac{1}{3} - \frac{1}{15} - \frac{1}{35} - \frac{1}{63} - \frac{1}{99} - \frac{1}{143}$。
答案
(1) 原式$=\dfrac{1}{1×2}+\dfrac{1}{2×3}+\dfrac{1}{3×4}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{9×10}$
$=(1-\dfrac{1}{2})+(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3})+(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4})+\dots+(\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10})$
$=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}.$
(2) 原式$=-(\dfrac{1}{1×3}+\dfrac{1}{3×5}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{11×13})$
$=-\dfrac{1}{2}×(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{11}-\dfrac{1}{13})$
$=-\dfrac{1}{2}×(1-\dfrac{1}{13})$
$=-\dfrac{1}{2}×\dfrac{12}{13}$
$=-\dfrac{6}{13}.$
$=(1-\dfrac{1}{2})+(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3})+(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4})+\dots+(\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{10})$
$=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}.$
(2) 原式$=-(\dfrac{1}{1×3}+\dfrac{1}{3×5}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{11×13})$
$=-\dfrac{1}{2}×(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dots+\dfrac{1}{11}-\dfrac{1}{13})$
$=-\dfrac{1}{2}×(1-\dfrac{1}{13})$
$=-\dfrac{1}{2}×\dfrac{12}{13}$
$=-\dfrac{6}{13}.$
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