四、核心素养 中华优秀传统文化 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:文化起源 语篇类型:记叙文 难度:★★
The Qingming Festival, or Tomb Sweeping Day, is 1. ______ important traditional Chinese festival. Qingming is one of the 24 Chinese solar terms. It's on April 4th, 5th or 6th. From that date, temperatures begin to rise.
Many things can be done 2. spring. Tomb sweeping, spring outings, eating green rice balls and 3. (fly) kites are the common activities during these days. Not only is it a day for remembering the dead, but also it is a time for people to enjoy 4. (they).
It's said that there was a loyal(忠诚的) man called Jie Zitui who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, there was a prince named Chong'er. Unluckily, some people wanted 5. (kill) him. In order to get away from them, Chong'er had to leave his country. On his way, he was hungry and Jie Zitui cut his own leg to save him.
Later, Chong'er became the king. However, he forgot Jie Zitui. Thanks to a man, Chong'er felt ashamed(羞愧) a lot and decided to give a prize to the loyal man. 6. Jie hid himself in a mountain with his mother. The king made a 7. (decide) to set a fire to find Jie. Unluckily, Jie was found 8. (death) with his mother beside a tree. From then on, that day was called the Hanshi Festival or Cold Food Festival.
A year later, the burned trees 9. (grow) green. The day after the Hanshi Festival was to be the Qingming Festival. 10. (final), these two festivals became one.

1. an 2. in 3. flying 4. themselves 5. to kill 6. But 7. decision 8. dead 9. grew 10. Finally

【分析】本题是围绕清明节传统文化的英语语法填空题，解题需结合语境、语法规则及固定搭配，先判断每个空格的句子成分、所需词性，再结合时态、逻辑关系等细节确定正确形式，逐一突破每个空。
【解析】1. 空格后是可数名词单数festival，且important以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an；2. 表示“在春天”，季节前用介词in；3. 此处与前面的动名词短语并列作主语，故用fly的动名词形式flying；4. 固定搭配enjoy oneself意为“玩得开心”，主语是people，对应反身代词themselves；5. 固定搭配want to do sth，故填to kill；6. 前文提到重耳要奖赏介子推，后文说介子推躲进山里，为转折关系，故用But；7. 固定搭配make a decision意为“做决定”，故用名词decision；8. 此处需形容词作主语补足语，说明Jie的状态，故用形容词dead；9. 全文讲述过去的故事，时态为一般过去时，故用grow的过去式grew；10. 此处修饰整个句子，需用副词，故用final的副词形式Finally。
【答案】1. an 2. in 3. flying 4. themselves 5. to kill 6. But 7. decision 8. dead 9. grew 10. Finally
【知识点】不定冠词；介词；非谓语动词
【点评】本题以中华优秀传统文化清明节为主题，考查英语语法填空的核心知识点，兼顾基础语法与词性转换、固定搭配等考点，难度适中，能帮助学生在了解传统文化的同时巩固英语语法知识。
【难度系数】0.6

五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态特征 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
Do you know how many seasons there are near the North Pole(北极)? 1. In winter, the night is long. For about three months, you can't see the sun, even at noon. 2. For about three months, the sun never goes down and there is no night at all.
The temperature is very low near the North Pole. 3. So people there have to wear warm clothes all year round. They use the fur and skin of animals to make their clothing.
The life near the North Pole is very difficult. In the cold climate, only a few hardy plants like mosses and lichens can survive. People build their houses with snow blocks when they go out for hunting(打猎). You may think that snow houses must be cold. 4. Sometimes they live in tents. When they move, they take their tents with them. In winter, they often travel by dog sled over the snow.
People there live a special life. They fish and hunt for food. 5. It is not easy to live in such a cold place, but they know how to live with nature and make good use of what they have.
A. In summer, the day is long.
B. They also learn to use everything around them to live well.
C. In fact, they are warm inside and safe.
D. Even in summer, the temperature is below $0° \mathrm{C}$ in some areas.
E. Only two: winter and summer.
F. There are four seasons in a year.
G. The weather is windy and sunny in spring.

1. E 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B

【分析】
这是一道说明文七选五题目，解题思路为：1. 通读全文，明确主题是北极附近的季节、气候及当地生活；2. 逐个分析空白处上下文的逻辑关系（如问答、转折、顺承等），结合选项排除多余项；3. 验证所选选项是否符合语境。具体到每个空：第1空前文提问北极附近的季节数量，需选回答数量的选项；第2空后文讲夏季极昼，需选描述夏季特点的选项；第3空前后围绕北极温度低展开，需选衔接温度低的选项；第4空前后是雪房子冷与实际温暖的转折，需选转折说明的选项；第5空顺承当地生活方式，需选说明生活智慧的选项。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提问“how many seasons there are near the North Pole”，E选项“Only two: winter and summer.”直接回答季节数量，符合问答逻辑，故选E；
2. 第2空：后文提到“the sun never goes down and there is no night”（极昼现象），对应夏季特点，A选项“In summer, the day is long.”符合语境，故选A；
3. 第3空：前文说明北极温度低，后文提到人们全年穿暖和衣服，D选项“Even in summer, the temperature is below 0°C in some areas.”进一步补充温度低的情况，衔接上下文，故选D；
4. 第4空：前文说“snow houses must be cold”，C选项“In fact, they are warm inside and safe.”转折说明雪房子的实际特点，符合逻辑，故选C；
5. 第5空：前文讲当地居民捕鱼打猎的生活方式，B选项“They also learn to use everything around them to live well.”顺承说明居民的生活智慧，符合语境，故选B。
【答案】
E A D C B
【知识点】
七选五阅读、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题围绕北极的生态特征展开，考查学生对说明文上下文逻辑衔接的理解能力，需结合语境和逻辑关系选择合适选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6