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① In English, the given names come first and the family names come last. Family names are also called last names. Westerners(西方人) get their family names in different ways.
② Some family names such as Smith and Cook are all about a person's job. Take John Smith, for example. Here "Smith" means the name of a job as well as Miller and Fisher.
③ Some Westerners get their family names from their living places such as Bush, Cliff and Lake. So does the famous painter Leonardo da Vinci.
④ Some family names are from colours. For example, the family name Black means "the black colour" and White means "the white colour". Larry Brown, a famous basketball player in America, also gets his family name from colours.
⑤ Other family names are from the name of a parent. For example, "David's son" becomes Davidson, and "Peter's son" becomes Peterson.
⑥ It's really interesting about the last names, right? What does your last name mean? Let's find more on the internet.
任务一 阅读理解
1. What is the family name "Smith" about in the passage?
A. A place name.
B. A colour.
C. A job.
D. A name of a parent.
2. Where might Leonardo da Vinci's family live a long time ago(以前) according to his name?
A. In New York.
B. In Sydney.
C. In Paris.
D. In Vinci.
3. In how many ways do Westerners get family names according to the passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Two.
4.（创新考法·篇章结构）What's the structure（结构）of the passage?
A.
任务二 回答问题(答案不超过6个词)
1. What does "Cook" tell about ancestors?
2. What did ancestors of "Bush" live near?
3. How do some get family names from colours?
4. What does "Davidson" mean?
5.（创新考法·开放性设问）Should everyone have a family name? Why?
② Some family names such as Smith and Cook are all about a person's job. Take John Smith, for example. Here "Smith" means the name of a job as well as Miller and Fisher.
③ Some Westerners get their family names from their living places such as Bush, Cliff and Lake. So does the famous painter Leonardo da Vinci.
④ Some family names are from colours. For example, the family name Black means "the black colour" and White means "the white colour". Larry Brown, a famous basketball player in America, also gets his family name from colours.
⑤ Other family names are from the name of a parent. For example, "David's son" becomes Davidson, and "Peter's son" becomes Peterson.
⑥ It's really interesting about the last names, right? What does your last name mean? Let's find more on the internet.
任务一 阅读理解
1. What is the family name "Smith" about in the passage?
A. A place name.
B. A colour.
C. A job.
D. A name of a parent.
2. Where might Leonardo da Vinci's family live a long time ago(以前) according to his name?
A. In New York.
B. In Sydney.
C. In Paris.
D. In Vinci.
3. In how many ways do Westerners get family names according to the passage?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Two.
4.（创新考法·篇章结构）What's the structure（结构）of the passage?
A.
任务二 回答问题(答案不超过6个词)
1. What does "Cook" tell about ancestors?
Their job.
2. What did ancestors of "Bush" live near?
Bushes.
3. How do some get family names from colours?
By using colour words.
4. What does "Davidson" mean?
David's son.
5.（创新考法·开放性设问）Should everyone have a family name? Why?
Yes, because it shows family history.(言之有理即可)
答案
任务一
1. C
2. D 推理判断题。根据“Some Westerners get their family names from their living places such as Bush, Cliff and Lake. So does the famous painter Leonardo da Vinci.”可知，他们可能生活在芬奇。
3. B
4. A 篇章结构题。分析全文可知，第一段引出话题；第二段至第五段分别叙述了四个获得姓氏的途径；第六段为总结。
方法归纳
阅读理解之篇章结构题
常见的篇章结构模式有“总—分—总”结构、“总—分”结构、“分—总”结构等。学生在解题时要先通读全文，把握文章的大意和主题。然后，注意识别关键信息，如主题句、连接词和过渡句。接着，我们需要仔细分析每个选项，判断其与文章段落的结构是否相符，并注意排除与文章结构明显不符的选项。最后，我们需要结合上下文来理解文章和段落的结构，不要孤立地看待某个段落或句子。
任务二
1. Their job.
2. Bushes.
3. By using colour words.
4. David's son.
5. Yes, because it shows family history.
（言之有理即可）
1. C
2. D 推理判断题。根据“Some Westerners get their family names from their living places such as Bush, Cliff and Lake. So does the famous painter Leonardo da Vinci.”可知，他们可能生活在芬奇。
3. B
4. A 篇章结构题。分析全文可知，第一段引出话题；第二段至第五段分别叙述了四个获得姓氏的途径；第六段为总结。
方法归纳
阅读理解之篇章结构题
常见的篇章结构模式有“总—分—总”结构、“总—分”结构、“分—总”结构等。学生在解题时要先通读全文，把握文章的大意和主题。然后，注意识别关键信息，如主题句、连接词和过渡句。接着，我们需要仔细分析每个选项，判断其与文章段落的结构是否相符，并注意排除与文章结构明显不符的选项。最后，我们需要结合上下文来理解文章和段落的结构，不要孤立地看待某个段落或句子。
任务二
1. Their job.
2. Bushes.
3. By using colour words.
4. David's son.
5. Yes, because it shows family history.
（言之有理即可）
解析
【分析】
首先，任务一的各小题需定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息解答；任务二的题目需从原文找到匹配内容，注意答案字数限制，开放性试题言之有理即可。具体来说，1题找Smith的属性，2题根据达芬奇姓氏来源推理，3题统计姓氏来源方式数量，4题分析文章结构匹配图示；任务二各题直接提取原文信息或合理作答。
【解析】
任务一：
1. 定位原文第②段，明确Smith属于关于工作的姓氏，对应选项C。
2. 定位原文第③段，达芬奇的姓氏来自居住地，对应选项D。
3. 文中提到姓氏来源有工作、居住地、颜色、父母名字共4种，对应选项B。
4. 文章第①段总起，第②-⑤段分述4种来源，第⑥段总结，为总-分-总结构，对应选项A的图示。
任务二：
1. 原文第②段指出Cook和工作相关，答案为Their job.
2. 原文第③段Bush来自居住地，祖先可能住在灌木丛，答案为Bushes.
3. 原文第④段姓氏来自颜色，即使用颜色词汇，答案为By using colour words.
4. 原文第⑤段Davidson是David's son，答案为David's son.
5. 开放性问题，合理即可，如Yes, because it shows family history.
【答案】
任务一：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A
任务二：1.Their job. 2.Bushes. 3.By using colour words. 4.David's son. 5.Yes, because it shows family history.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、姓氏文化、篇章结构
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解综合能力，涵盖细节理解、推理判断、篇章结构分析，需学生精准定位原文信息，开放性试题需结合逻辑作答，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先，任务一的各小题需定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息解答；任务二的题目需从原文找到匹配内容，注意答案字数限制，开放性试题言之有理即可。具体来说，1题找Smith的属性，2题根据达芬奇姓氏来源推理，3题统计姓氏来源方式数量，4题分析文章结构匹配图示；任务二各题直接提取原文信息或合理作答。
【解析】
任务一：
1. 定位原文第②段，明确Smith属于关于工作的姓氏，对应选项C。
2. 定位原文第③段，达芬奇的姓氏来自居住地，对应选项D。
3. 文中提到姓氏来源有工作、居住地、颜色、父母名字共4种，对应选项B。
4. 文章第①段总起，第②-⑤段分述4种来源，第⑥段总结，为总-分-总结构，对应选项A的图示。
任务二：
1. 原文第②段指出Cook和工作相关，答案为Their job.
2. 原文第③段Bush来自居住地，祖先可能住在灌木丛，答案为Bushes.
3. 原文第④段姓氏来自颜色，即使用颜色词汇，答案为By using colour words.
4. 原文第⑤段Davidson是David's son，答案为David's son.
5. 开放性问题，合理即可，如Yes, because it shows family history.
【答案】
任务一：1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A
任务二：1.Their job. 2.Bushes. 3.By using colour words. 4.David's son. 5.Yes, because it shows family history.（言之有理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、姓氏文化、篇章结构
【点评】
本题考查英语阅读理解综合能力，涵盖细节理解、推理判断、篇章结构分析，需学生精准定位原文信息，开放性试题需结合逻辑作答，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
