一、完形填空
They say that “travel is the best teacher” and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming Dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake. His book, The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encourages a(n) 1 for travelling among Chinese people but also provides important scientific information about the country's land and geography.
Born into a(n) 2 Jiangyin family, Xu became interested in books about different places at an early age and wanted to travel. When he was 18, however, Xu's father died and so, it seemed, did his 3 dreams. He was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his mother.
4 his mother had different ideas. Understanding her son's love for travelling and valuing the knowledge he could get from such 5, this modern-thinking woman 6 to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was 7 farm work.
So at the age of 21 and with his mother's support, Xu 8, leaving behind not only his mother but his wife as well. He would 9 this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years. During this time, he travelled throughout the country, carefully studying the land he passed through and recording 10 experiences and many discoveries in a diary. This diary eventually became The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere 11. In this way, he could research the environment in detail and get a true 12 of the natural world. Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived. His willingness(意愿) to face difficulties came at a 13, however. Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick, robbed and beaten during his journeys.
14, Xu became seriously ill during his 15 and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the southwest of China. He died in 1641, soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.
()1. A. person
B. love
C. action
D. research
()2. A. poor
B. different
C. rich
D. important
()3. A. studying
B. travelling
C. writing
D. farming
()4. A. So
B. Because
C. And
D. But
()5. A. books
B. experiences
C. information
D. ideas
()6. A. decided
B. wanted
C. forgot
D. refused
()7. A. richer
B. fewer
C. less
D. easier
()8. A. set out
B. put on
C. got on
D. worked out
()9. A. remember
B. repeat
C. wave
D. start
()10. A. his
B. their
C. her
D. its
()11. A. by sea
B. on horseback
C. on foot
D. by bus
()12. A. book
B. picture
C. diary
D. article
()13. A. cost
B. hope
C. luck
D. failure
()14. A. Suddenly
B. Sadly
C. Especially
D. Surprisingly
()15. A. first
B. second
C. third
D. last

1~5 BCBDB 6~10 DCABA
11~15 CBABD

【分析】
本文是介绍明代旅行家徐霞客的完形填空，解题思路为：1. 通读全文把握主旨（徐霞客的旅行经历及《徐霞客游记》的意义）；2. 针对每个空，结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配及逻辑关系，逐一分析选项，排除不符合语境的答案，选出最恰当的选项。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到“travel is the best teacher”，《徐霞客游记》的作用是鼓励中国人对旅行的热爱。A. person（人）不符合；B. love（热爱）符合语境；C. action（行动）、D. research（研究）均不贴合，故选B。
2. 第2空：结合后文徐霞客能承担家庭农场、母亲支持他旅行，可知他出生在富裕的江阴家庭。A. poor（贫穷的）不符；B. different（不同的）、D. important（重要的）均不贴合；C. rich（富裕的）符合，故选C。
3. 第3空：父亲去世后，徐霞客原本的旅行梦想似乎破灭了。A. studying（学习）、C. writing（写作）、D. farming（务农）均不符合；B. travelling（旅行）贴合语境，故选B。
4. 第4空：前文说父亲去世后旅行梦想破灭，后文说母亲有不同想法，是转折关系。A. So（所以）表因果；B. Because（因为）表原因；C. And（和）表并列；D. But（但是）表转折，故选D。
5. 第5空：母亲理解儿子对旅行的热爱，重视从旅行经历中获得的知识。A. books（书籍）、C. information（信息）、D. ideas（想法）均不贴合；B. experiences（经历）符合，故选B。
6. 第6空：母亲决定不让儿子待在家里，支持他旅行。A. decided（决定）符合语境；B. wanted（想要）、C. forgot（忘记）、D. refused（拒绝）均不符，故选D。
7. 第7空：每年旅行三个月，此时农活更少。A. richer（更富的）、B. fewer（更少，修饰可数名词）、D. easier（更容易的）均不贴合；C. less（更少，修饰不可数名词farm work）符合，故选C。
8. 第8空：21岁时，在母亲支持下出发旅行。A. set out（出发）符合；B. put on（穿上）、C. got on（上车）、D. worked out（解决）均不符，故选A。
9. 第9空：接下来30年，每年重复告别。A. remember（记得）、C. wave（挥手）、D. start（开始）均不贴合；B. repeat（重复）符合，故选B。
10. 第10空：记录他的经历，对应主语he，用his。A. his（他的）符合；B. their（他们的）、C. her（她的）、D. its（它的）均不符，故选A。
11. 第11空：徐霞客避免舒适旅行，几乎步行。A. by sea（乘船）、B. on horseback（骑马）、D. by bus（乘公交）均不贴合；C. on foot（步行）符合，故选C。
12. 第12空：通过实地研究，真正了解自然世界。get a picture of意为“了解，描绘”，符合语境。A. book（书）、C. diary（日记）、D. article（文章）均不符，故选B。
13. 第13空：面对困难是有代价的，at a cost是固定搭配，意为“付出代价”。A. cost（代价）符合；B. hope（希望）、C. luck（运气）、D. failure（失败）均不符，故选A。
14. 第14空：遗憾的是，徐霞客在最后一次旅行中重病。A. Suddenly（突然）、C. Especially（尤其）、D. Surprisingly（令人惊讶地）均不贴合；B. Sadly（遗憾地）符合，故选B。
15. 第15空：这是他最后一次也是最长的一次旅行。A. first（第一）、B. second（第二）、C. third（第三）均不符；D. last（最后的）符合，故选D。
【答案】
1~5 BCBDB 6~10 DCABA 11~15 CBABD
【知识点】
完形填空、词义辨析、上下文语境理解
【点评】
本文围绕徐霞客的生平与《徐霞客游记》展开，解题需结合上下文逻辑、词汇词义及固定搭配，考查学生的阅读理解与词汇运用能力，是中等难度的完形填空题型。
【难度系数】
0.5