一、阅读理解。
阅读下面两篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
Earthquakes(地震) may happen suddenly, and how can we keep safe in an earthquake? Here are some safety rules.
1. Stay cool and act(行动) quickly. Don't panic. Think about ways to keep you safe quickly.
2. Drop, cover and stay. Drop to the floor, take cover under a table. Then stay under the table until the shaking ends.
3. Keep away from buildings, trees and power lines(电线) if you are outdoors.
4. Drive your car to an open space if you are driving and park it far away from bridges and power lines. Stay in your car until the shaking ends.
5. Turn off the gas if you are at home. Stay in the house until the shaking ends.
6. Take an emergency(紧急的) bag with you. There should be water, food, a flashlight (手电筒), medical supplies (物资) and so on.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()1. What does the underlined word "panic" mean in Chinese?
A. 胸有成竹
B. 沉着冷静
C. 火冒三丈
D. 惊慌失措
()2. Rule 3 and Rule 4 are advice on what to do when you are .
A. in a room
B. outside a building
C. in a store
D. in a building
()3. Which is not mentioned in your emergency bag?
A. Water.
B. Bread.
C. A flashlight.
D. A knife.
()4. What should you do if an earthquake happens according to the text?
A. Run down the building as fast as possible.
B. Drive your car through bridges and get out of your car.
C. Stay under a strong table.
D. Run around the house when you are at home.
()5. What's the best title of the text?
A. How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake
B. How to Find Food and Water in an Earthquake
C. How to Drive Fast
D. What Are in Your Emergency Bag

1. D 由前一句“Stay cool and act quickly.（保持冷静、立即行动）”可推测panic意思是“惊慌失措”。
2. B 由准则三和准则四内容可知，这两条准则介绍的都是在户外的安全准则。
3. D 由准则六可知，急救包中有水、食物、手电筒和医疗物资，没有提到小刀。
4. C 由准则二可知，地震发生时我们应该躲在坚硬的桌子下。
5. A 通读全文可知，文章主要内容是地震安全准则。

【分析】
这是一篇关于地震安全规则的阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍地震发生时的各类安全避险规则。
2. 针对每个题目，精准回到原文定位对应内容：
第1题是词义猜测题，根据前一句“Stay cool and act quickly.（保持冷静、立即行动）”的提示，“Don't panic”表达的是与之相反的含义，由此可推测出单词词义。
第2题是细节归纳题，查看Rule 3（户外远离危险设施）和Rule 4（驾车前往开阔区域）的内容，判断两条规则的适用场景。
第3题是细节排查题，对照Rule 6里急救包的物品清单，找出未被提及的选项。
第4题是细节判断题，逐一将选项与原文规则对比，排除错误做法，锁定符合原文的正确选项。
第5题是主旨大意题，通读全文后总结核心内容，选择最能概括全文的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：由前一句“Stay cool and act quickly.（保持冷静、立即行动）”可推测，“panic”是与“保持冷静”相反的意思，即“惊慌失措”，故选D。
2. 第2题：Rule 3提到户外要远离建筑物、树木和电线，Rule 4提到开车时要前往开阔地带，远离桥梁和电线，这两条都是针对户外场景的避险建议，故选B。
3. 第3题：根据Rule 6可知，急救包里包含水、食物、手电筒和医疗物资，未提到小刀，故选D。
4. 第4题：根据Rule 2“Drop to the floor, take cover under a table. Then stay under the table until the shaking ends.”可知，地震发生时应躲在坚固的桌子下；A选项“快速跑下楼”、B选项“开车过桥并下车”、D选项“在家乱跑”均不符合原文规则，故选C。
5. 第5题：通读全文可知，文章围绕地震发生时的安全避险规则展开，核心是介绍如何在地震中保障自身安全；B、C、D选项仅涉及文章部分内容，无法概括全文，故选A。
【答案】
1.D；2.B；3.D；4.C；5.A
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是一篇实用的地震安全指南，题目均为阅读理解基础题型，考查学生的信息提取能力和简单推理能力。解题时需仔细对照原文内容，避免主观臆断，只要精准定位原文细节，就能准确作答。
【难度系数】
0.8

B
In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao had a fight in Wan Cheng. When they passed a large piece of farmland, Cao asked his men not to walk on the wheat(小麦), or he would kill (杀) them. All the men walked past the farmland carefully and did not stepped on the wheat. The farmers all said thanks to them. Cao was happy with that. Suddenly, a bird flew over Cao's horse and the horse was scared (害怕的) so it ran into the farmland. The horse destroyed (破坏) a lot of wheat. Cao was so sorry. He decided to kill himself to respect the rule. The officials (官员) asked him not to kill himself. So Cao Cao cut his hair off to replace (替代) his head. All his men respected Cao Cao so much because he followed the rule.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()6. When did the story happen?
A. In the Western Han Dynasty.
B. In the Eastern Han Dynasty.
C. In the Song Dynasty.
D. In the Tang Dynasty.
()7. Who destroyed a lot of wheat?
A. The bird.
B. One of Cao Cao's men.
C. Cao Cao's horse.
D. A farmer.
()8. Why did Cao Cao cut off his hair?
A. Because his horsed walked on the farmland and he felt sorry.
B. Because he felt hot.
C. Because he wanted his men to respect him.
D. Because he wanted to win the fight.
()9. What's the name of the story in Chinese?
A. 割须弃袍
B. 老骥伏枥
C. 背水一战
D. 割发代首
()10. What does the story tell us?
A. We should have short hair.
B. We should follow rules.
C. We should be careful of birds.
D. We shouldn't ride horses.

6. B 由第一句可知，故事发生在东汉时期。
7. C 由第七句可知，曹操的马破坏了很多小麦。
8. A 结合上下文可知，曹操割发是为了遵守自己制定的规则（践踏小麦者死），官员劝他以发代首。
9. D 由整篇文章可知，这个故事讲的是割发代首。
10. B 由文章所表达的含义可知，此故事告诉我们要遵守规则。

【分析】
这是一篇结合中国历史典故的英语阅读理解题，解题思路如下：
1. 细节类题目（第6、7题）：先通读文章，根据题目关键信息回到原文定位对应句子，直接匹配选项即可。比如第6题找故事发生时间，锁定文章第一句；第7题找破坏小麦的主体，定位到马受惊闯入农田的相关句子。
2. 原因类题目（第8题）：需结合上下文理清因果逻辑，曹操制定了不许踩踏小麦的规则，他的马破坏了小麦，他本想自杀守规则，经官员劝阻后割发代首，由此得出割发的原因。
3. 文化常识类题目（第9题）：结合文章核心内容判断典故名称，文章重点是曹操割发代替砍头，对应“割发代首”典故。
4. 主旨类题目（第10题）：总结文章核心思想，从结尾部下敬重曹操是因为他遵守规则，提炼出故事传递的道理。
【解析】
6. 第6题：根据文章第一句“In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Cao had a fight in Wan Cheng.”可知，故事发生在东汉时期，故选B。
7. 第7题：根据文章中“Suddenly, a bird flew over Cao's horse and the horse was scared so it ran into the farmland. The horse destroyed a lot of wheat.”可知，是曹操的马破坏了很多小麦，故选C。
8. 第8题：结合上下文，曹操制定了“踩踏小麦者处死”的规则，他的马受惊破坏小麦后，他愧疚之下本想自杀守规则，经官员劝阻后割发代首，所以割发的原因是马践踏了农田他感到愧疚，要遵守自己定下的规则，故选A。
9. 第9题：文章讲述曹操因马破坏小麦，为遵守规则割发代替砍头的故事，对应的中国典故是“割发代首”，故选D。
10. 第10题：根据文章最后一句“All his men respected Cao Cao so much because he followed the rule.”及整体内容，可知故事告诉我们应该遵守规则，故选B。
【答案】
6.B；7.C；8.A；9.D；10.B
【知识点】
细节查找、主旨归纳、文化典故
【点评】
这篇阅读理解将英语学习与中国历史典故结合，既考查学生的细节抓取和主旨归纳能力，又能让学生了解“割发代首”的传统文化故事，有助于提升综合素养，题目难度适中，适合巩固基础阅读能力。
【难度系数】
0.8