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二、语篇训练
Ⅱ.短文阅读
The coldest and most difficult place in the world to live is Antarctica. It is the land of snow and ice near the South Pole. Most people do not think there is much life in the icy waters around it. But they are wrong. Actually, there are more than one hundred different kinds of animals there. The most famous animal of Antarctica is the penguin. Halley Bay(哈雷湾) was the world's second largest home for penguins.
However, penguins are now in great danger. Recently, scientists found that the number of penguins has dropped quickly. One of the main reasons is that many storms hit Halley Bay. Thousands of baby penguins died from the terrible weather. Scientists feel worried about this. Halley Bay used to be a safe place for penguins but now it isn't.
Luckily, another home of penguins has gotten much bigger. In order to keep safe, many penguins have moved there. Although they may now have a better chance to survive, they are still facing the danger of dying out. Unless we do something, they won't have anywhere to go one day.
21. What can we know from the passage?
A. There were no living things in Antarctica.
B. Antarctica is the coldest place in the world.
C. Penguins are now well protected by humans.
22. Why did many baby penguins in Halley Bay die?
A. Because there was not enough food.
B. Because they were hit by terrible storms.
C. Because they were killed by other animals.
23. What do the underlined words "dying out" mean in Chinese?
A.逐渐灭绝 B.逐渐变少
C.逐渐出现
24. What is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A history book. B. A school report.
C. A science magazine.
Ⅱ.短文阅读
The coldest and most difficult place in the world to live is Antarctica. It is the land of snow and ice near the South Pole. Most people do not think there is much life in the icy waters around it. But they are wrong. Actually, there are more than one hundred different kinds of animals there. The most famous animal of Antarctica is the penguin. Halley Bay(哈雷湾) was the world's second largest home for penguins.
However, penguins are now in great danger. Recently, scientists found that the number of penguins has dropped quickly. One of the main reasons is that many storms hit Halley Bay. Thousands of baby penguins died from the terrible weather. Scientists feel worried about this. Halley Bay used to be a safe place for penguins but now it isn't.
Luckily, another home of penguins has gotten much bigger. In order to keep safe, many penguins have moved there. Although they may now have a better chance to survive, they are still facing the danger of dying out. Unless we do something, they won't have anywhere to go one day.
21. What can we know from the passage?
A. There were no living things in Antarctica.
B. Antarctica is the coldest place in the world.
C. Penguins are now well protected by humans.
22. Why did many baby penguins in Halley Bay die?
A. Because there was not enough food.
B. Because they were hit by terrible storms.
C. Because they were killed by other animals.
23. What do the underlined words "dying out" mean in Chinese?
A.逐渐灭绝 B.逐渐变少
C.逐渐出现
24. What is the passage most probably taken from?
A. A history book. B. A school report.
C. A science magazine.
答案
21.B 22.B 23.A 24.C
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍南极的基本情况以及企鹅当前面临的生存危机。之后带着每道题的题干信息返回原文精准定位，将选项和原文内容逐一比对：细节题直接核对原文表述排除错误选项，词义猜测题结合上下文的逻辑语境推导含义，文章出处题结合文本的主题属性判断来源，就能顺利选出正确答案。
【解析】
21. 细节理解题：根据原文第一句"The coldest and most difficult place in the world to live is Antarctica."可知南极是世界上最冷的居住地，B选项表述正确。A选项和第一段"Actually, there are more than one hundred different kinds of animals there"的表述矛盾，南极存在大量生物；C选项文中并未提及人类对企鹅进行了妥善保护，且企鹅仍处于生存危险中，因此A、C均错误。
22. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"One of the main reasons is that many storms hit Halley Bay. Thousands of baby penguins died from the terrible weather"可知，大量小企鹅死亡的原因是风暴带来的恶劣天气，对应B选项。文中没有提到食物不足、其他动物捕杀的相关内容，因此A、C错误。
23. 词义猜测题：前文提到企鹅目前仍然面临生存危险，后文说明如果人类不采取行动，未来企鹅将无处可去，结合语境可以推断划线短语dying out的中文含义是逐渐灭绝，对应A选项。
24. 文章出处判断题：本文属于极地生态相关的自然科普类内容，既不属于历史书的历史相关内容，也不属于学校报告的学业相关内容，最有可能出自科学杂志，对应C选项。
【答案】
21.B 22.B 23.A 24.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，文本出处判断
【点评】
本题属于难度适中的科普类阅读题，覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的三类考点，大部分题目都可以通过直接回原文定位找到答案，对学生的阅读能力要求不高，同时也能让学生了解极地动物的生存现状，建立生态保护的意识。
【难度系数】
0.8
做这篇阅读理解时，首先可以先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍南极的基本情况以及企鹅当前面临的生存危机。之后带着每道题的题干信息返回原文精准定位，将选项和原文内容逐一比对：细节题直接核对原文表述排除错误选项，词义猜测题结合上下文的逻辑语境推导含义，文章出处题结合文本的主题属性判断来源，就能顺利选出正确答案。
【解析】
21. 细节理解题：根据原文第一句"The coldest and most difficult place in the world to live is Antarctica."可知南极是世界上最冷的居住地，B选项表述正确。A选项和第一段"Actually, there are more than one hundred different kinds of animals there"的表述矛盾，南极存在大量生物；C选项文中并未提及人类对企鹅进行了妥善保护，且企鹅仍处于生存危险中，因此A、C均错误。
22. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"One of the main reasons is that many storms hit Halley Bay. Thousands of baby penguins died from the terrible weather"可知，大量小企鹅死亡的原因是风暴带来的恶劣天气，对应B选项。文中没有提到食物不足、其他动物捕杀的相关内容，因此A、C错误。
23. 词义猜测题：前文提到企鹅目前仍然面临生存危险，后文说明如果人类不采取行动，未来企鹅将无处可去，结合语境可以推断划线短语dying out的中文含义是逐渐灭绝，对应A选项。
24. 文章出处判断题：本文属于极地生态相关的自然科普类内容，既不属于历史书的历史相关内容，也不属于学校报告的学业相关内容，最有可能出自科学杂志，对应C选项。
【答案】
21.B 22.B 23.A 24.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，词义猜测，文本出处判断
【点评】
本题属于难度适中的科普类阅读题，覆盖了初中英语阅读最常见的三类考点，大部分题目都可以通过直接回原文定位找到答案，对学生的阅读能力要求不高，同时也能让学生了解极地动物的生存现状，建立生态保护的意识。
【难度系数】
0.8
Ⅲ.阅读还原
China, with an area of about 9,600,000 square kilometres, is the largest country in Asia. The eastern part faces the Pacific Ocean. 25.
26.
28.
A. It has many endangered animals.
B. Another amazing tour is the Himalayas.
C. I'd like to share more information with you.
D. The excitement of touring attracts many foreign tourists to visit China every year.
E. It's more than 6,000 kilometres long and wide enough at the top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side.
Ⅳ.任务型阅读
The Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁) is the world's longest reef. It is about 2,000 kilometres long and lies in the Coral Sea,off the coast of Queensland,Australia. The reef is made up of billions of corals(珊瑚). It is home to over 1,500 different kinds of fish.
How did the Great Barrier Reef come into being?
The Great Barrier Reef we see today is less than 10,000 years old. About 10,000 years ago,at the end of the last Ice Age,the ice at the North and South Poles turned into water and it flooded the land on Australia's coast. The shallow(浅的) water became the perfect place for corals to grow. Over thousands of years,they joined together and became the Great Barrier Reef today.
Why is the Great Barrier Reef dying?
The Great Barrier Reef is facing many problems today. Pollution, overfishing and overtourism are all causing damage to the reef. However, the biggest danger to the Great Barrier Reef is global warming. Warm waters are causing the corals to die. The Great Barrier Reef has lost around half of its corals since 1995 and this number will only grow if we can't slow or stop global warming.
"What can we do to help save the Great Barrier Reef?"Here are some changes you can make in your own life to help:
●Be a green traveller.
●Plant trees.
●Eat less meat and fish.
●Ask everyone you know to make a change.
29. Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?
30. How old is the Great Barrier Reef we see today?
31. What is causing damage to the reef?
32. Besides the suggestions mentioned in the passage,what other things do you think we can do to protect the Great Barrier Reef?
33.将短文中画线部分翻译成中文。
China, with an area of about 9,600,000 square kilometres, is the largest country in Asia. The eastern part faces the Pacific Ocean. 25.
A
The list includes the huge whales living in the sea,the "ships of the desert"—camels and so on. China is also pandas' birthplace. According to panda keepers' research,an adult panda can weigh 100 kilos or so and eat about 10 kilos of bamboo a day. To protect the wild animals,our government has built many nature reserves(保护区).26.
D
Feel free to have a tour,and you'll find many famous places, such as the Great Wall,the longest man-made wall in the world. 27. E
It's very amazing. Be careful not to fall over on the Great Wall.28.
B
They run along the southwestern part. Qomolangma is the highest peak within the Himalayan mountain range,which is up to 8,848.86 metres high. Thick snow covers the top all year round. Many climbers want to challenge themselves in the face of difficulties,even though it's hard to take in air near the top in the freezing weather conditions. Some have succeeded and achieved their dreams. It is a great achievement for them to climb Qomolangma.A. It has many endangered animals.
B. Another amazing tour is the Himalayas.
C. I'd like to share more information with you.
D. The excitement of touring attracts many foreign tourists to visit China every year.
E. It's more than 6,000 kilometres long and wide enough at the top for five horses or ten men to walk side by side.
Ⅳ.任务型阅读
The Great Barrier Reef(大堡礁) is the world's longest reef. It is about 2,000 kilometres long and lies in the Coral Sea,off the coast of Queensland,Australia. The reef is made up of billions of corals(珊瑚). It is home to over 1,500 different kinds of fish.
How did the Great Barrier Reef come into being?
The Great Barrier Reef we see today is less than 10,000 years old. About 10,000 years ago,at the end of the last Ice Age,the ice at the North and South Poles turned into water and it flooded the land on Australia's coast. The shallow(浅的) water became the perfect place for corals to grow. Over thousands of years,they joined together and became the Great Barrier Reef today.
Why is the Great Barrier Reef dying?
The Great Barrier Reef is facing many problems today. Pollution, overfishing and overtourism are all causing damage to the reef. However, the biggest danger to the Great Barrier Reef is global warming. Warm waters are causing the corals to die. The Great Barrier Reef has lost around half of its corals since 1995 and this number will only grow if we can't slow or stop global warming.
"What can we do to help save the Great Barrier Reef?"Here are some changes you can make in your own life to help:
●Be a green traveller.
●Plant trees.
●Eat less meat and fish.
●Ask everyone you know to make a change.
29. Where is the Great Barrier Reef located?
It is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland,Australia.
30. How old is the Great Barrier Reef we see today?
It is less than 10,000 years old.
31. What is causing damage to the reef?
Pollution,overfishing and overtourism.
32. Besides the suggestions mentioned in the passage,what other things do you think we can do to protect the Great Barrier Reef?
We can reduce the use of plastic products.(主观题,言之有理即可)
33.将短文中画线部分翻译成中文。
然而,大堡礁面临的最大威胁是全球变暖。
答案
Ⅲ.阅读还原
25.A 26.D 27.E 28.B
Ⅳ.任务型阅读
29. It is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of
Queensland,Australia.
30. It is less than 10,000 years old.
31. Pollution,overfishing and overtourism.
32. We can reduce the use of plastic products.(主观
题,言之有理即可)
33.然而,大堡礁面临的最大威胁是全球变暖。
25.A 26.D 27.E 28.B
Ⅳ.任务型阅读
29. It is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of
Queensland,Australia.
30. It is less than 10,000 years old.
31. Pollution,overfishing and overtourism.
32. We can reduce the use of plastic products.(主观
题,言之有理即可)
33.然而,大堡礁面临的最大威胁是全球变暖。
解析
【分析】
这道题分为阅读还原和任务型阅读两部分，解题思路如下：
1. 阅读还原部分：先通读全文梳理行文脉络，本文依次介绍中国的珍稀动物、长城景点、喜马拉雅山脉相关内容，解题时重点匹配空格前后的内容关联：第25空后列举各类动物，空格句需要引出动物相关话题；第26空后开启旅游景点介绍，空格句要衔接旅游相关内容；第27空前后围绕长城展开，空格句需要补充长城的特征；第28空后引出喜马拉雅山脉，空格句要对应引出相关内容。
2. 任务型阅读部分：先根据题干关键词定位到原文对应段落，直接提取细节信息作答即可，开放题结合环保主题给出合理可行的建议，翻译题结合语境保证句意通顺准确。
【解析】
Ⅲ. 阅读还原
25. 空后句列举了鲸鱼、骆驼、熊猫等动物，A选项"它有很多濒危动物"正好引出后续的动物清单，逻辑完全匹配，选A。
26. 空后句邀请读者游览中国、介绍知名景点，D选项"旅游的乐趣每年吸引大量外国游客来中国游览"自然衔接旅游话题，选D。
27. 空前后都围绕长城展开，E选项描述长城的长度、顶部宽度的特征，和后文"十分令人惊叹、小心别摔倒"的内容呼应，选E。
28. 空后句介绍喜马拉雅山脉的分布和珠穆朗玛峰的相关信息，B选项"另一个令人惊叹的旅行地是喜马拉雅山脉"正好引出下文内容，选B。
Ⅳ. 任务型阅读
29. 根据题干询问位置的关键词，直接定位到原文第一段第二句提取对应信息即可。
30. 根据题干询问年龄的关键词，直接定位到原文第二段第一句提取对应信息即可。
31. 根据题干询问破坏因素的关键词，直接定位到原文第三段第二句提取对应信息即可。
32. 本题为开放性试题，围绕保护海洋生态、减少污染的主题给出合理建议即可，答案不唯一。
33. 结合语境翻译划线句，保证语义通顺，符合中文表达习惯即可。
【答案】
25. A
26. D
27. E
28. B
29. It is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia.
30. It is less than 10,000 years old.
31. Pollution, overfishing and overtourism.
32. We can reduce the use of plastic products.（言之有理即可）
33. 然而，大堡礁面临的最大危险是全球变暖。
【知识点】
1. 阅读逻辑衔接
2. 细节信息定位
3. 英汉互译
【点评】
本题是初中英语阅读理解的常规题型，阅读还原重点考察学生对上下文行文逻辑的判断能力，任务型阅读兼顾基础细节查找和开放性表达，既巩固了学生快速定位原文信息的能力，也引导学生结合生活实际思考环保相关内容，考察维度全面，难度梯度合理。
【难度系数】
0.6
这道题分为阅读还原和任务型阅读两部分，解题思路如下：
1. 阅读还原部分：先通读全文梳理行文脉络，本文依次介绍中国的珍稀动物、长城景点、喜马拉雅山脉相关内容，解题时重点匹配空格前后的内容关联：第25空后列举各类动物，空格句需要引出动物相关话题；第26空后开启旅游景点介绍，空格句要衔接旅游相关内容；第27空前后围绕长城展开，空格句需要补充长城的特征；第28空后引出喜马拉雅山脉，空格句要对应引出相关内容。
2. 任务型阅读部分：先根据题干关键词定位到原文对应段落，直接提取细节信息作答即可，开放题结合环保主题给出合理可行的建议，翻译题结合语境保证句意通顺准确。
【解析】
Ⅲ. 阅读还原
25. 空后句列举了鲸鱼、骆驼、熊猫等动物，A选项"它有很多濒危动物"正好引出后续的动物清单，逻辑完全匹配，选A。
26. 空后句邀请读者游览中国、介绍知名景点，D选项"旅游的乐趣每年吸引大量外国游客来中国游览"自然衔接旅游话题，选D。
27. 空前后都围绕长城展开，E选项描述长城的长度、顶部宽度的特征，和后文"十分令人惊叹、小心别摔倒"的内容呼应，选E。
28. 空后句介绍喜马拉雅山脉的分布和珠穆朗玛峰的相关信息，B选项"另一个令人惊叹的旅行地是喜马拉雅山脉"正好引出下文内容，选B。
Ⅳ. 任务型阅读
29. 根据题干询问位置的关键词，直接定位到原文第一段第二句提取对应信息即可。
30. 根据题干询问年龄的关键词，直接定位到原文第二段第一句提取对应信息即可。
31. 根据题干询问破坏因素的关键词，直接定位到原文第三段第二句提取对应信息即可。
32. 本题为开放性试题，围绕保护海洋生态、减少污染的主题给出合理建议即可，答案不唯一。
33. 结合语境翻译划线句，保证语义通顺，符合中文表达习惯即可。
【答案】
25. A
26. D
27. E
28. B
29. It is located in the Coral Sea, off the coast of Queensland, Australia.
30. It is less than 10,000 years old.
31. Pollution, overfishing and overtourism.
32. We can reduce the use of plastic products.（言之有理即可）
33. 然而，大堡礁面临的最大危险是全球变暖。
【知识点】
1. 阅读逻辑衔接
2. 细节信息定位
3. 英汉互译
【点评】
本题是初中英语阅读理解的常规题型，阅读还原重点考察学生对上下文行文逻辑的判断能力，任务型阅读兼顾基础细节查找和开放性表达，既巩固了学生快速定位原文信息的能力，也引导学生结合生活实际思考环保相关内容，考察维度全面，难度梯度合理。
【难度系数】
0.6
