一、句子翻译。
1. 一收到礼物,你就应该微笑着说"谢谢"。

2. 她是如此地生气,以至于说了一些粗鲁的话。

1. As soon as you receive a gift, you should say
"thank you" with a smile. 2. She was so angry that
she said something rude.

【分析】
我们做汉译英题时，首先要先抓取句子里的核心逻辑连接词：第1题的“一…就…”是典型的时间状语从句标志，先确定对应的引导词as soon as，再把句子拆成“收到礼物”和“微笑着说谢谢”两个部分分别翻译，“微笑着”作为伴随状态用with a smile的介词短语表达更地道；第2题的“如此…以至于…”是结果状语从句的经典结构so…that…，判断句子描述的是过去发生的事，统一用一般过去时，还要注意形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词后面的规则，避免出现语法错误。
【解析】
1. 用固定短语As soon as（一…就…）引导时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时表述客观动作“你收到礼物”即you receive a gift；主句中“应该做某事”用情态动词should加动词原形结构，“微笑着”用伴随状语with a smile放在句末，组合后得到正确译文。
2. 用so+形容词+that的固定结果状语从句结构对应“如此…以至于…”，句子描述过去发生的事件，主从句均使用一般过去时：主句“她很生气”翻译为She was so angry，从句中形容词rude修饰不定代词something要后置，“说了一些粗鲁的话”翻译为she said something rude，组合后得到正确译文。
【答案】
1. As soon as you receive a gift, you should say "thank you" with a smile.
2. She was so angry that she said something rude.
【知识点】
时间状语从句；结果状语从句；形容词修饰不定代词
【点评】
本题属于基础句型翻译题，重点考察初中阶段两大高频状语从句的固定搭配，难度不高，需要学生熟记常用连词和特殊语法规则，规避逐字翻译的中式英语问题。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用方框中所给单词的适当形式完成短文。
polite exercise fail reason waiter
happy difference direct hate quick
My family moved to America last year from a small town in North China.
I had a part-time job as a 1. in a Chinese restaurant. One day, when I was serving food to an elderly couple, the wife asked me how I could bring their food so 2.. I told her I always respected the elderly. I found her 3. when she heard that. My manager heard my words. He took me aside and told me that Americans were sensitive敏感的 and 4. the description of "old". I then walked back to the table and 5. said sorry to the wife. After they learned about the 6., they understood that the problem was caused by cultural 7., so they laughed.
In the USA, people think "growing old" is a problem. There are many people trying to keep themselves away from growing old by 8., like jogging or swimming. When I told the couple I respected the elderly, they got angry because this made them feel they 9. to stay young. They didn't want to hear that.
Now I have changed the way I treat the elderly. I still respect them, but now in a different, less 10. way.

1. waiter 2. quickly 3. unhappy 4. hated
5. politely 6. reason 7. differences
8. exercising 9. failed 10. direct

【分析】
拿到这类选词填空题型，第一步先通读全文梳理核心大意：本文讲述作者刚到美国在中餐馆做兼职，因为中西方文化差异，提到“尊重老人”引发外国老年顾客的误会，后续了解到美国人对“老”的表述十分敏感的故事。第二步先标记方框内所有备选词的词性，再逐空分析空格所需的词性、时态、语境含义，结合备选词逐一匹配，同时注意词形的正确变形，保证每个备选词只用一次，逻辑通顺符合语境。
【解析】
1. 空前有不定冠词a，此处需要填可数名词单数，结合“在中餐馆做兼职”的语境，选提示词waiter，意为服务员，填waiter。
2. 此处修饰动词短语bring their food，需要用副词，结合语境“妻子询问我怎么能这么快把食物送过来”，将提示词quick变为副词quickly，填quickly。
3. 此处是find的复合结构find sb + adj.，表示发现某人处于某种状态，后文经理过来提醒作者，说明这位妻子听到作者说“尊重老人”之后很不高兴，将happy变为反义词unhappy，填unhappy。
4. 此处and并列两个谓语，前面的were是一般过去时，所以此处动词也要用过去式，语境是美国人对“老”的表述很敏感，讨厌被描述为老，将hate变为过去式hated，填hated。
5. 此处修饰动词短语said sorry，需要用副词，语境是作者礼貌地向这位妻子道歉，将polite变为副词politely，填politely。
6. 空前有定冠词the，此处需要填名词，语境是他们了解了作者道歉的原因，选提示词reason，填reason。
7. 空前是形容词cultural，此处需要填名词，语境是问题是由文化差异导致的，差异是多方面的，将difference变为复数differences，填differences。
8. 空前是介词by，介词后面要跟动名词形式，语境是很多人通过锻炼远离变老，将exercise变为动名词exercising，填exercising。
9. 此处是宾语从句的谓语，主句时态是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，语境是这让他们觉得自己没能保持年轻，将fail变为过去式failed，填failed。
10. 此处修饰名词way，需要用形容词，语境是用一种不同的、不那么直接的方式尊重老人，选提示词direct，填direct。
【答案】
1. waiter 2. quickly 3. unhappy 4. hated 5. politely 6. reason 7. differences 8. exercising 9. failed 10. direct
【知识点】
词性转换，短文选词填空，跨文化交际常识
【点评】
本题将英语词形变形考点和中西方文化差异的背景结合，既考查学生对副词、动词过去式、动名词、名词复数等基础语法点的掌握，也需要学生结合上下文语境逻辑判断词义，部分空需要结合语境做反向变形，是非常典型的初中英语综合类选词填空题。
【难度系数】
0.6