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训练2 体裁：说明文 主题：科普知识 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率：/4
(原创)Among our five basic senses—sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch—smell is not usually considered to be very strong. But a recent study found that our sense of smell is far more powerful than it often gets credit for.
The study was carried out by a team of scientists from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ohio State University. The team first developed a tool that could send smells into the human nose. They then asked 229 volunteers to smell four different scents(气味) while wearing the tool. These scents smelled like apple, lemon, onion, and flower, respectively. Each time, two scents were provided one after the other with a very short time interval(间隔) in between, and the volunteers were required to smell them with one sniff(嗅).
Surprisingly, the scientists discovered that when separated by only 0.06 second, the volunteers could still tell the scents apart. They could even point out the order in which the scents appeared. In comparison, an eye blink takes about 0.18 second, Zhou Wen, the team leader, said. This goes against the traditional belief that smell is a slow sense.
The discovery further showed how special our sense of smell is. In fact, previous studies have found that the loss of smell can lead to more than 100 maladies. For example, it can increase the risk of heart failure by 30 percent.
What's more, smell is important for our mental health. This has to do with the special way it works in the brain. When we smell something, the "message" goes to the olfactory bulb(嗅球), the part of the brain specifically reserved for processing smells. The "message" then gets passed on to other brain areas that make memories and emotions. In contrast, our other four senses need to make a stop at the same "station", the thalamus(丘脑), before becoming a part of a memory. This might explain why studies have found that smells often bring back stronger, older memories compared to other senses.
1. From the recent study, we know the sense of smell is
A. the lowest sense B. the most powerful sense
C. more sensitive than we believed D. more important for health than other senses
2. What did scientists do in Step 2? Step 1: developed a tool to send smells into the human nose→Step 2: asked volunteers to
A. smell two scents with one sniff
B. count the speed of each scent into the nose
C. record the order in which the scents appeared
D. tell the scents apart within a long time interval
3. What does the underlined word "maladies" mean in Paragraph 4? ＞＞ 词义猜测题
A. Illnesses. B. Accidents. C. Situations. D. Challenges.
4. How is the sense of smell different from the other four senses in terms of memory formation?
A. The thalamus is not involved in processing other senses.
B. Other senses have the same speed of memory formation.
C. Smell "messages" get passed on to the thalamus from the olfactory bulb.
D. Smell "messages" pass over the thalamus and reach memory areas directly.
(原创)Among our five basic senses—sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch—smell is not usually considered to be very strong. But a recent study found that our sense of smell is far more powerful than it often gets credit for.
The study was carried out by a team of scientists from the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ohio State University. The team first developed a tool that could send smells into the human nose. They then asked 229 volunteers to smell four different scents(气味) while wearing the tool. These scents smelled like apple, lemon, onion, and flower, respectively. Each time, two scents were provided one after the other with a very short time interval(间隔) in between, and the volunteers were required to smell them with one sniff(嗅).
Surprisingly, the scientists discovered that when separated by only 0.06 second, the volunteers could still tell the scents apart. They could even point out the order in which the scents appeared. In comparison, an eye blink takes about 0.18 second, Zhou Wen, the team leader, said. This goes against the traditional belief that smell is a slow sense.
The discovery further showed how special our sense of smell is. In fact, previous studies have found that the loss of smell can lead to more than 100 maladies. For example, it can increase the risk of heart failure by 30 percent.
What's more, smell is important for our mental health. This has to do with the special way it works in the brain. When we smell something, the "message" goes to the olfactory bulb(嗅球), the part of the brain specifically reserved for processing smells. The "message" then gets passed on to other brain areas that make memories and emotions. In contrast, our other four senses need to make a stop at the same "station", the thalamus(丘脑), before becoming a part of a memory. This might explain why studies have found that smells often bring back stronger, older memories compared to other senses.
1. From the recent study, we know the sense of smell is
C
.A. the lowest sense B. the most powerful sense
C. more sensitive than we believed D. more important for health than other senses
2. What did scientists do in Step 2? Step 1: developed a tool to send smells into the human nose→Step 2: asked volunteers to
A
→Step 3: processed and analyzed the resultsA. smell two scents with one sniff
B. count the speed of each scent into the nose
C. record the order in which the scents appeared
D. tell the scents apart within a long time interval
3. What does the underlined word "maladies" mean in Paragraph 4? ＞＞ 词义猜测题
A. Illnesses. B. Accidents. C. Situations. D. Challenges.
4. How is the sense of smell different from the other four senses in terms of memory formation?
A. The thalamus is not involved in processing other senses.
B. Other senses have the same speed of memory formation.
C. Smell "messages" get passed on to the thalamus from the olfactory bulb.
D. Smell "messages" pass over the thalamus and reach memory areas directly.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究表明人类的嗅觉很灵敏以及嗅觉对身心健康的重要性。
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段“But a recent study found that our sense of smell is far more powerful than it often gets credit for.”和第三段“Surprisingly, the scientists discovered that when separated by only 0.06 second, the volunteers could still tell the scents apart.”可知研究表明人类的嗅觉比人们通常认为的更灵敏。故选 C。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段“They then asked 229 volunteers to smell four different scents while wearing the tool ... the volunteers were required to smell them with one sniff.”可知研究团队要求志愿者们在很短的时间间隔内一次闻两种气味。故选 A。
3. A 词义猜测题。根据下文“For example, it can increase the risk of heart failure by 30 percent.”可知丧失嗅觉会使心力衰竭的风险增加 30%,由此可知丧失嗅觉会导致 100 多种疾病,此处“maladies”意为“疾病”。故选 A。
＞＞逻辑关系
4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When we smell something, the 'message' goes to the olfactory bulb ... The 'message' then gets passed on to other brain areas that make memories and emotions ... our other four senses need to make a stop at the same 'station', the thalamus, before becoming a part of a memory.”可知嗅觉信息会传递到大脑中的嗅球,再发送到其他大脑区域进行处理,而其他感官信息被传递到其他大脑区域前,会先在中继站丘脑处停留。故选 D。
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段“But a recent study found that our sense of smell is far more powerful than it often gets credit for.”和第三段“Surprisingly, the scientists discovered that when separated by only 0.06 second, the volunteers could still tell the scents apart.”可知研究表明人类的嗅觉比人们通常认为的更灵敏。故选 C。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段“They then asked 229 volunteers to smell four different scents while wearing the tool ... the volunteers were required to smell them with one sniff.”可知研究团队要求志愿者们在很短的时间间隔内一次闻两种气味。故选 A。
3. A 词义猜测题。根据下文“For example, it can increase the risk of heart failure by 30 percent.”可知丧失嗅觉会使心力衰竭的风险增加 30%,由此可知丧失嗅觉会导致 100 多种疾病,此处“maladies”意为“疾病”。故选 A。
＞＞逻辑关系
4. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“When we smell something, the 'message' goes to the olfactory bulb ... The 'message' then gets passed on to other brain areas that make memories and emotions ... our other four senses need to make a stop at the same 'station', the thalamus, before becoming a part of a memory.”可知嗅觉信息会传递到大脑中的嗅球,再发送到其他大脑区域进行处理,而其他感官信息被传递到其他大脑区域前,会先在中继站丘脑处停留。故选 D。
