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B
体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /4
When traveling to a new country, there is so much to see and do. Nobody wants to spend their trip sleeping or feeling tired. Luckily, there are ways to drive away the ZZZs and make the most of your travel. New research from Arizona State University links exercise with the body's internal clock(生物钟), opening the possibility of treating jet lag(时差反应) with exercise.
Both travelling to a different time zone and staying up late at night can badly disturb the body's internal clock, including making the body release the sleep - causing melatonin(褪黑素) at a time when people want to stay awake. When the internal master clock doesn't match the external clock of your destination(目的地), it causes a mismatch of all your body rhythms(节奏). That's what lies at the heart of jet lag.
The researchers of the study used the level of melatonin released by the body to study the effects of exercise on body's internal clock. First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 people throughout the day. Then, these people were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored(监视).
The researchers noted changes in the melatonin levels of people had something to do with their activity level. The study found that morning(7 a.m.) or afternoon(1—4 p.m.) workouts changed the internal clock forward, while evening(7—10 p.m.) exercise changed it backward. “This is the first study to compare(比较) exercise's effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help lower the bad effects of jet lag,” Shawn, the lead researcher, said.
For west - to - east travel, evening exercise can get rid of time zone changes. For east - to - west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are helpful. Exercise pushes your internal clock forward or backward by regulating the level of melatonin. Walking and cycling are great ways to see the sights when traveling, while getting jet - lag - beating exercise. So, pack your running shoes for your next trip!
1. What is the key factor(因素) causing jet lag according to the passage?
A. Low melatonin.
B. Shortened sleeping.
C. Long travel tiredness.
D. Body rhythm disorder.
2. How did researchers get the result?
A. By explaining reasons.
B. By collecting examples.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By monitoring information.
3. What does Shawn think of the study?
A. Helpless.
B. Uncaring.
C. Worrying.
D. Meaningful.
4. Which exercise fits travelers flying from China to Canada?
A. Morning jogging.
B. Anytime walking.
C. Midnight cycling.
D. Evening swimming.
体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /4
When traveling to a new country, there is so much to see and do. Nobody wants to spend their trip sleeping or feeling tired. Luckily, there are ways to drive away the ZZZs and make the most of your travel. New research from Arizona State University links exercise with the body's internal clock(生物钟), opening the possibility of treating jet lag(时差反应) with exercise.
Both travelling to a different time zone and staying up late at night can badly disturb the body's internal clock, including making the body release the sleep - causing melatonin(褪黑素) at a time when people want to stay awake. When the internal master clock doesn't match the external clock of your destination(目的地), it causes a mismatch of all your body rhythms(节奏). That's what lies at the heart of jet lag.
The researchers of the study used the level of melatonin released by the body to study the effects of exercise on body's internal clock. First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 people throughout the day. Then, these people were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored(监视).
The researchers noted changes in the melatonin levels of people had something to do with their activity level. The study found that morning(7 a.m.) or afternoon(1—4 p.m.) workouts changed the internal clock forward, while evening(7—10 p.m.) exercise changed it backward. “This is the first study to compare(比较) exercise's effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help lower the bad effects of jet lag,” Shawn, the lead researcher, said.
For west - to - east travel, evening exercise can get rid of time zone changes. For east - to - west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are helpful. Exercise pushes your internal clock forward or backward by regulating the level of melatonin. Walking and cycling are great ways to see the sights when traveling, while getting jet - lag - beating exercise. So, pack your running shoes for your next trip!
1. What is the key factor(因素) causing jet lag according to the passage?
A. Low melatonin.
B. Shortened sleeping.
C. Long travel tiredness.
D. Body rhythm disorder.
2. How did researchers get the result?
A. By explaining reasons.
B. By collecting examples.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By monitoring information.
3. What does Shawn think of the study?
A. Helpless.
B. Uncaring.
C. Worrying.
D. Meaningful.
4. Which exercise fits travelers flying from China to Canada?
A. Morning jogging.
B. Anytime walking.
C. Midnight cycling.
D. Evening swimming.
答案
B
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚利桑那州立大学的一项新研究表明运动与人体生物钟有关，通过锻炼可以治疗时差反应。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“When the internal master clock doesn't match the external clock of your destination, it causes a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That's what lies at the heart of jet lag.”可知时差反应的核心是人体内部的主时钟与目的地的外部时钟不匹配，导致所有身体节奏不匹配，由此可知导致时差反应的关键因素是身体节奏紊乱。故选 D。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第三段“First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 people throughout the day. Then, these people were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored.”可知研究人员先全天测量 99 人的褪黑素水平，然后监测他们连续三天在不同时间进行一小时运动的褪黑素水平，通过对比运动前后和不同时间运动的褪黑素水平来得出结果。故选 C。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“This is the first study to compare exercise's effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help lower the bad effects of jet lag”可知他认为这是第一项比较运动对生物钟影响的研究，并为用锻炼来帮助减少时差反应的负面影响开辟了可能性，由此可知他认为这项研究是有意义的。故选 D。
4. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For east - to - west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are helpful.”可知对于从东向西的旅行，早上或下午的锻炼是有益的，中国在东，加拿大在西，从中国飞往加拿大是从东向西的旅行，所以早上慢跑适合。故选 A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚利桑那州立大学的一项新研究表明运动与人体生物钟有关，通过锻炼可以治疗时差反应。
1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段“When the internal master clock doesn't match the external clock of your destination, it causes a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That's what lies at the heart of jet lag.”可知时差反应的核心是人体内部的主时钟与目的地的外部时钟不匹配，导致所有身体节奏不匹配，由此可知导致时差反应的关键因素是身体节奏紊乱。故选 D。
2. C 推理判断题。根据第三段“First, researchers measured the melatonin levels of 99 people throughout the day. Then, these people were asked to exercise for an hour for three days in a row at different times, and their melatonin levels were monitored.”可知研究人员先全天测量 99 人的褪黑素水平，然后监测他们连续三天在不同时间进行一小时运动的褪黑素水平，通过对比运动前后和不同时间运动的褪黑素水平来得出结果。故选 C。
3. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“This is the first study to compare exercise's effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help lower the bad effects of jet lag”可知他认为这是第一项比较运动对生物钟影响的研究，并为用锻炼来帮助减少时差反应的负面影响开辟了可能性，由此可知他认为这项研究是有意义的。故选 D。
4. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“For east - to - west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are helpful.”可知对于从东向西的旅行，早上或下午的锻炼是有益的，中国在东，加拿大在西，从中国飞往加拿大是从东向西的旅行，所以早上慢跑适合。故选 A。
解析
【分析】
拿到这篇科普说明文阅读，首先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍亚利桑那州立大学关于运动调节生物钟、缓解时差反应的相关研究。接下来逐个对应题目解题：
1. 第一题是细节理解题，直接定位题干关键词"jet lag"到原文第二段，找到时差核心成因的描述，排除不符合原文的干扰选项即可。
2. 第二题问研究人员得出结果的方式，需要梳理第三、第四段的实验设计逻辑，明确实验是通过对比不同时段运动后受试者褪黑素的变化得到结论，区分操作手段和核心研究方法。
3. 第三题判断研究者的态度，定位到Shawn的原话，从他对研究价值的描述判断正面态度，直接排除三个负面选项。
4. 第四题是实际应用题，先明确中国到加拿大的飞行方向是自东向西，匹配原文给出的不同方向旅行对应的适宜运动建议，选出正确选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"When the internal master clock doesn't match the external clock of your destination, it causes a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That's what lies at the heart of jet lag."可知，时差反应的核心成因是身体节律紊乱。A选项"褪黑素水平低"错误，原文只是提到褪黑素释放时间错位，并非褪黑素含量低；B选项"睡眠时间缩短"、C选项"长途旅行疲劳"原文均未提及，因此选D。
2. 推理判断题：实验过程中研究人员先测量受试者日常褪黑素水平，再让受试者在不同时段运动，对比不同运动时段下褪黑素的变化差异得到结论，核心研究方法是对照比较。A选项"解释原因"、B选项"收集案例"均不符合实验逻辑；D选项"监测信息"是实验的操作手段，并非得到最终结论的核心方法，因此选C。
3. 推理判断题：根据第四段Shawn的表述"This is the first study to compare exercise's effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help lower the bad effects of jet lag"，他认为该研究首次验证了运动对生物钟的影响，为缓解时差提供了新方向，可见他认为这项研究是有意义的。A"无助的"、B"漠不关心的"、C"令人担忧的"均为负面态度，不符合原文，因此选D。
4. 推理判断题：中国地处东半球，加拿大地处西半球，从中国飞往加拿大属于自东向西的旅行，匹配原文最后一段"For east - to - west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are helpful"的描述，早上慢跑符合要求。B选项"任意时间步行"、C选项"午夜骑行"、D选项"夜间游泳"均不符合对应场景的运动建议，因此选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
说明文阅读，细节定位，推理判断
【点评】
本题属于科普类说明文阅读，考点覆盖细节查找、逻辑推理、场景应用多个维度，其中第二题容易误选D选项，学生要注意区分实验的操作手段和核心研究方法的差异，第四题需要结合基础地理常识匹配文本规则，避免脱离实际场景死套原文。
【难度系数】
0.4
拿到这篇科普说明文阅读，首先快速通读全文，明确文章核心是介绍亚利桑那州立大学关于运动调节生物钟、缓解时差反应的相关研究。接下来逐个对应题目解题：
1. 第一题是细节理解题，直接定位题干关键词"jet lag"到原文第二段，找到时差核心成因的描述，排除不符合原文的干扰选项即可。
2. 第二题问研究人员得出结果的方式，需要梳理第三、第四段的实验设计逻辑，明确实验是通过对比不同时段运动后受试者褪黑素的变化得到结论，区分操作手段和核心研究方法。
3. 第三题判断研究者的态度，定位到Shawn的原话，从他对研究价值的描述判断正面态度，直接排除三个负面选项。
4. 第四题是实际应用题，先明确中国到加拿大的飞行方向是自东向西，匹配原文给出的不同方向旅行对应的适宜运动建议，选出正确选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"When the internal master clock doesn't match the external clock of your destination, it causes a mismatch of all your body rhythms. That's what lies at the heart of jet lag."可知，时差反应的核心成因是身体节律紊乱。A选项"褪黑素水平低"错误，原文只是提到褪黑素释放时间错位，并非褪黑素含量低；B选项"睡眠时间缩短"、C选项"长途旅行疲劳"原文均未提及，因此选D。
2. 推理判断题：实验过程中研究人员先测量受试者日常褪黑素水平，再让受试者在不同时段运动，对比不同运动时段下褪黑素的变化差异得到结论，核心研究方法是对照比较。A选项"解释原因"、B选项"收集案例"均不符合实验逻辑；D选项"监测信息"是实验的操作手段，并非得到最终结论的核心方法，因此选C。
3. 推理判断题：根据第四段Shawn的表述"This is the first study to compare exercise's effects on the body clock, and could open up the possibility of using exercise to help lower the bad effects of jet lag"，他认为该研究首次验证了运动对生物钟的影响，为缓解时差提供了新方向，可见他认为这项研究是有意义的。A"无助的"、B"漠不关心的"、C"令人担忧的"均为负面态度，不符合原文，因此选D。
4. 推理判断题：中国地处东半球，加拿大地处西半球，从中国飞往加拿大属于自东向西的旅行，匹配原文最后一段"For east - to - west travel, morning or afternoon workouts are helpful"的描述，早上慢跑符合要求。B选项"任意时间步行"、C选项"午夜骑行"、D选项"夜间游泳"均不符合对应场景的运动建议，因此选A。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A
【知识点】
说明文阅读，细节定位，推理判断
【点评】
本题属于科普类说明文阅读，考点覆盖细节查找、逻辑推理、场景应用多个维度，其中第二题容易误选D选项，学生要注意区分实验的操作手段和核心研究方法的差异，第四题需要结合基础地理常识匹配文本规则，避免脱离实际场景死套原文。
【难度系数】
0.4
