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Ⅰ. 短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
The Art of War(Sunzi Bingfa) is a great military(军事的) book. It was 1. (write) by the Chinese thinker Sunzi, also called Sun Wu. The book is the 2. (early) known one on war and military science. Each part talks about different 3. (skill) or strategies(策略), famous in China as Bingfa.
It is hard to know exactly 4. Sunzi wrote it. But many people think it came from the Spring and Autumn Period. People also don’t know much about Sunzi’s life, but they believe he once 5. (work) as a general(将军) for the State of Wu.
The Art of War says people should avoid war 6. ______ every possible way. But if there has to be a war, people should fight wisely and try to reduce harm. For example, attack enemies(敌人) 7. ______ (sudden) when they are not ready. By 8. ______ (surprise) them, we can win quickly with little effort—sometimes even before a real fight 9. ______ (begin). The idea is 10. ______ (know) in Chinese as “出其不意,攻其不备”.
The Art of War also talks about 11.
important it is to prepare for war. A wise leader waits for the right time, and uses the land in smart ways. Sunzi also reminds 12. (we) if the situation changes, we must be ready 13. (change) our military plans too. In this way, we can stay one step ahead.
The Art of War has 14. (be) very popular since it first came out. It has had 15. influence on leaders all over the world.
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。
The Art of War(Sunzi Bingfa) is a great military(军事的) book. It was 1. (write) by the Chinese thinker Sunzi, also called Sun Wu. The book is the 2. (early) known one on war and military science. Each part talks about different 3. (skill) or strategies(策略), famous in China as Bingfa.
It is hard to know exactly 4. Sunzi wrote it. But many people think it came from the Spring and Autumn Period. People also don’t know much about Sunzi’s life, but they believe he once 5. (work) as a general(将军) for the State of Wu.
The Art of War says people should avoid war 6. ______ every possible way. But if there has to be a war, people should fight wisely and try to reduce harm. For example, attack enemies(敌人) 7. ______ (sudden) when they are not ready. By 8. ______ (surprise) them, we can win quickly with little effort—sometimes even before a real fight 9. ______ (begin). The idea is 10. ______ (know) in Chinese as “出其不意,攻其不备”.
The Art of War also talks about 11.
important it is to prepare for war. A wise leader waits for the right time, and uses the land in smart ways. Sunzi also reminds 12. (we) if the situation changes, we must be ready 13. (change) our military plans too. In this way, we can stay one step ahead.
The Art of War has 14. (be) very popular since it first came out. It has had 15. influence on leaders all over the world.
答案
1. written
2. earliest
3. skills
4. when
5. worked
6. in
7. suddenly
8. surprising
9. begins
10. known
11. how
12. us
13. to change
14. been
15. an
2. earliest
3. skills
4. when
5. worked
6. in
7. suddenly
8. surprising
9. begins
10. known
11. how
12. us
13. to change
14. been
15. an
解析
【分析】
本题为短文填空，需结合语境、语法规则（时态、语态、词性转换、固定搭配、从句引导词等）逐个分析空白处。解题思路：1. 通读全文理解《孙子兵法》的相关内容；2. 针对每个空，先分析句子结构，判断所需词性/成分；3. 结合提示词（若有）或语境，运用语法知识确定正确形式；4. 检查答案是否符合逻辑和语法。
【解析】
1. 被动语态结构“was + 过去分词”，提示词为write，故填written；
2. 句中“the”后需接形容词最高级，表“最早的”，提示词为early，故填earliest；
3. “different”后接可数名词复数，提示词为skill，故填skills；
4. 此处为宾语从句，结合后文“Spring and Autumn Period”（时间），需填引导词when；
5. “once”表“曾经”，用一般过去时，提示词为work，故填worked；
6. 固定搭配“in every possible way”（用各种可能的方式），故填in；
7. 修饰动词“attack”需用副词，提示词为sudden，故填suddenly；
8. “by”为介词，后接动名词，提示词为surprise，故填surprising；
9. 主语“a real fight”为单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数，提示词为begin，故填begins；
10. 被动语态“be + 过去分词”，表“被知晓”，提示词为know，故填known；
11. 感叹句结构“how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”，修饰形容词important，故填how；
12. 动词“remind”后接人称代词宾格，提示词为we，故填us；
13. 固定搭配“be ready to do sth”（准备做某事），提示词为change，故填to change；
14. “since”引导的现在完成时，结构为“have + 过去分词”，提示词为be，故填been；
15. “influence”为元音音素开头的可数名词单数，表“一种影响”，故填an。
【答案】
1. written
2. earliest
3. skills
4. when
5. worked
6. in
7. suddenly
8. surprising
9. begins
10. known
11. how
12. us
13. to change
14. been
15. an
【知识点】
被动语态、时态运用、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础语法（时态、语态、词性转换）、固定搭配及从句引导词，是常见的短文填空题型，需结合语境和语法规则分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为短文填空，需结合语境、语法规则（时态、语态、词性转换、固定搭配、从句引导词等）逐个分析空白处。解题思路：1. 通读全文理解《孙子兵法》的相关内容；2. 针对每个空，先分析句子结构，判断所需词性/成分；3. 结合提示词（若有）或语境，运用语法知识确定正确形式；4. 检查答案是否符合逻辑和语法。
【解析】
1. 被动语态结构“was + 过去分词”，提示词为write，故填written；
2. 句中“the”后需接形容词最高级，表“最早的”，提示词为early，故填earliest；
3. “different”后接可数名词复数，提示词为skill，故填skills；
4. 此处为宾语从句，结合后文“Spring and Autumn Period”（时间），需填引导词when；
5. “once”表“曾经”，用一般过去时，提示词为work，故填worked；
6. 固定搭配“in every possible way”（用各种可能的方式），故填in；
7. 修饰动词“attack”需用副词，提示词为sudden，故填suddenly；
8. “by”为介词，后接动名词，提示词为surprise，故填surprising；
9. 主语“a real fight”为单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数，提示词为begin，故填begins；
10. 被动语态“be + 过去分词”，表“被知晓”，提示词为know，故填known；
11. 感叹句结构“how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”，修饰形容词important，故填how；
12. 动词“remind”后接人称代词宾格，提示词为we，故填us；
13. 固定搭配“be ready to do sth”（准备做某事），提示词为change，故填to change；
14. “since”引导的现在完成时，结构为“have + 过去分词”，提示词为be，故填been；
15. “influence”为元音音素开头的可数名词单数，表“一种影响”，故填an。
【答案】
1. written
2. earliest
3. skills
4. when
5. worked
6. in
7. suddenly
8. surprising
9. begins
10. known
11. how
12. us
13. to change
14. been
15. an
【知识点】
被动语态、时态运用、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查基础语法（时态、语态、词性转换）、固定搭配及从句引导词，是常见的短文填空题型，需结合语境和语法规则分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
Ⅱ. 阅读表达
阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。
Many people ask if fables and fairy tales are the same. Both are popular with kids, but fables also interest adults—this is one key difference in their readers.
Fables are short. They passed down(传承) from grandparents to parents and then to children. They always teach a clear lesson. Most characters are animals that can talk and act like humans. The most famous fables are in Aesop’s Fables, a collection(作品集) of about 350 fables by Aesop. Examples include The Lion and the Mouse, The Farmer and the Snake, and The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing.
Children really enjoy fairy tales. They focus on magic and delight(使愉快) kids most. Their characters often include fairies, giants, or sometimes animals. We know many classic ones thanks to the Brothers Grimm. Over 200 years ago, they traveled all over Germany(德国) to collect the stories before they were forgotten. Grimm’s Fairy Tales has favourites like Sleeping Beauty, Little Red Riding Hood, and Snow White. These tales have also inspired movies, plays, and cartoons.
In short, fables and fairy tales are different—their purposes, characters, and influences set them apart.
16. How did the fables pass down?
17. What are most of the characters in fables?
18. How many fables are there in Aesop’s Fables?
19. Who really enjoy fairy tales?
20. Why did the Brothers Grimm travel all over Germany?
阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。
Many people ask if fables and fairy tales are the same. Both are popular with kids, but fables also interest adults—this is one key difference in their readers.
Fables are short. They passed down(传承) from grandparents to parents and then to children. They always teach a clear lesson. Most characters are animals that can talk and act like humans. The most famous fables are in Aesop’s Fables, a collection(作品集) of about 350 fables by Aesop. Examples include The Lion and the Mouse, The Farmer and the Snake, and The Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing.
Children really enjoy fairy tales. They focus on magic and delight(使愉快) kids most. Their characters often include fairies, giants, or sometimes animals. We know many classic ones thanks to the Brothers Grimm. Over 200 years ago, they traveled all over Germany(德国) to collect the stories before they were forgotten. Grimm’s Fairy Tales has favourites like Sleeping Beauty, Little Red Riding Hood, and Snow White. These tales have also inspired movies, plays, and cartoons.
In short, fables and fairy tales are different—their purposes, characters, and influences set them apart.
16. How did the fables pass down?
They passed down from grandparents to parents and then to children.
17. What are most of the characters in fables?
Animals that can talk and act like humans.
18. How many fables are there in Aesop’s Fables?
About 350.
19. Who really enjoy fairy tales?
Children.
20. Why did the Brothers Grimm travel all over Germany?
To collect the stories before they were forgotten.
答案
16. They passed down from grandparents to parents and then to children.
17. Animals that can talk and act like humans.
18. About 350.
19. Children.
20. To collect the stories before they were forgotten.
17. Animals that can talk and act like humans.
18. About 350.
19. Children.
20. To collect the stories before they were forgotten.
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解中的细节理解题，解题时需先明确每个问题的核心，再带着问题在短文中定位对应语句，提取原文关键信息，按照要求简略回答即可，答案需与原文内容一致，无需额外发挥。
【解析】
16. 定位短文第二段第二句“They passed down from grandparents to parents and then to children.”，直接提取对应内容作答；
17. 定位短文第二段第四句“Most characters are animals that can talk and act like humans.”，提取核心信息作答；
18. 定位短文第二段第五句“a collection of about 350 fables by Aesop.”，提取数量信息作答；
19. 定位短文第三段第一句“Children really enjoy fairy tales.”，提取主体作答；
20. 定位短文第三段第四句“they traveled all over Germany to collect the stories before they were forgotten.”，提取目的作答。
【答案】
16. They passed down from grandparents to parents and then to children.
17. Animals that can talk and act like humans.
18. About 350.
19. Children.
20. To collect the stories before they were forgotten.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找
【点评】
本题是基础的英语阅读细节题，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，答案均来自原文，难度较低，适合学生巩固阅读基础技能。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为英语阅读理解中的细节理解题，解题时需先明确每个问题的核心，再带着问题在短文中定位对应语句，提取原文关键信息，按照要求简略回答即可，答案需与原文内容一致，无需额外发挥。
【解析】
16. 定位短文第二段第二句“They passed down from grandparents to parents and then to children.”，直接提取对应内容作答；
17. 定位短文第二段第四句“Most characters are animals that can talk and act like humans.”，提取核心信息作答；
18. 定位短文第二段第五句“a collection of about 350 fables by Aesop.”，提取数量信息作答；
19. 定位短文第三段第一句“Children really enjoy fairy tales.”，提取主体作答；
20. 定位短文第三段第四句“they traveled all over Germany to collect the stories before they were forgotten.”，提取目的作答。
【答案】
16. They passed down from grandparents to parents and then to children.
17. Animals that can talk and act like humans.
18. About 350.
19. Children.
20. To collect the stories before they were forgotten.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节信息查找
【点评】
本题是基础的英语阅读细节题，主要考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，答案均来自原文，难度较低，适合学生巩固阅读基础技能。
【难度系数】
0.8
