2025年优佳学案(云南)八年级数学上册人教版第161页答案
9. 若$\frac{□}{x + y} ÷ \frac{x}{y^2 - x^2}$计算的结果为整式,则“$□$”中的式子可能是(
)。

A.$y - x$
B.$y + x$
C.$2x$
D.$\frac{1}{x}$

答案

C

解析

原式可转化为$\frac{□}{x + y} × \frac{y^2 - x^2}{x}$,分解$y^2 - x^2=(y - x)(y + x)$,约分得$\frac{□(y - x)}{x}$。结果为整式需分母$x$被约掉,即□含$x$因式。选项中只有C选项$2x$满足,此时结果为$2(y - x)$,是整式。
10. 计算:
(1) $\frac{-a^2b}{2c} · \left( - \frac{4cd}{5ab^2} \right)$;
(2) $\frac{xy^3}{2z^3} ÷ \frac{3x^2y^2}{-4z^2}$;
(3) $\frac{x^2 - 4x + 4}{x^2 + 2x + 1} · \frac{x + 1}{x^2 - 4}$;
(4) $\frac{x^2 - 4x}{x} ÷ (x^2 - 16)$。

答案

(1)
$\begin{aligned} \frac{-a^2b}{2c} · \left( - \frac{4cd}{5ab^2} \right) &= \frac{(-a^2b) · (-4cd)}{2c · 5ab^2} \\ &= \frac{4a^2bcd}{10ab^2c} \\ &= \frac{2ad}{5b} \end{aligned}$
(2)
$\begin{aligned} \frac{xy^3}{2z^3} ÷ \frac{3x^2y^2}{-4z^2} &= \frac{xy^3}{2z^3} · \frac{-4z^2}{3x^2y^2} \\ &= \frac{xy^3 · (-4z^2)}{2z^3 · 3x^2y^2} \\ &= -\frac{2y}{3xz} \end{aligned}$
(3)
首先对分子分母进行因式分解:
$x^2 - 4x + 4 = (x - 2)^2$,
$x^2 + 2x + 1 = (x + 1)^2$,
$x^2 - 4 = (x + 2)(x - 2)$,
则:
$\begin{aligned} \frac{x^2 - 4x + 4}{x^2 + 2x + 1} · \frac{x + 1}{x^2 - 4} &= \frac{(x - 2)^2}{(x + 1)^2} · \frac{x + 1}{(x + 2)(x - 2)} \\ &= \frac{x - 2}{(x + 1)(x + 2)} \end{aligned}$
(4)
首先对分子分母进行因式分解:
$x^2 - 4x = x(x - 4)$,
$x^2 - 16 = (x + 4)(x - 4)$,
则:
$\begin{aligned} \frac{x^2 - 4x}{x} ÷ (x^2 - 16) &= \frac{x(x - 4)}{x} · \frac{1}{(x + 4)(x - 4)} \\ &= \frac{1}{x + 4} \end{aligned}$
11. 已知$A = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1}$,$B = \frac{x^2 - 2x + 1}{x - 1}$,$C = \frac{2x - 4}{x - 2}$。先在$A$,$B$,$C$中任选2个分式用“$×$”号连接并进行化简,再从0,1,2中选择一个合适的数作为$x$的值代入求值。

答案

选$A$和$B$:
$A × B = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} × \frac{x^2 - 2x + 1}{x - 1}$
$ = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} × \frac{(x - 1)^2}{x - 1}$
$ = \frac{(x + 1)(x - 1)}{x - 1}$
$ = x + 1 \quad (x \neq 1)$
当$x = 0$时,
$A × B = 0 + 1 = 1$
---(以下展示另外几种情况)
选$A$和$C$:
$A × C = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} × \frac{2x - 4}{x - 2}$
$ = \frac{x + 1}{x - 1} × \frac{2(x - 2)}{x - 2}$
$ = \frac{2(x + 1)}{x - 1} \quad (x \neq 1, x \neq 2)$
当$x = 0$时,
$A × C = \frac{2(0 + 1)}{0 - 1} = -2$
选$B$和$C$:
$B × C = \frac{x^2 - 2x + 1}{x - 1} × \frac{2x - 4}{x - 2}$
$ = \frac{(x - 1)^2}{x - 1} × \frac{2(x - 2)}{x - 2}$
$ = 2(x - 1) \quad (x \neq 1, x \neq 2)$
当$x = 0$时,
$B × C = 2(0 - 1) = -2 × 1= -2$
12. (运算能力)(1) 计算$(a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2)$;
(2) 利用所学知识以及(1)所得等式,化简$\frac{m^3 - n^3}{m^2 + mn + n^2} ÷ \frac{m^2 - n^2}{m^2 + 2mn + n^2}$。

答案

(1)
$\begin{aligned}&(a - b)(a^2 + ab + b^2)\\=&a× a^2+a× ab + a× b^2 - b× a^2 - b× ab - b× b^2\\=&a^3+a^2b + ab^2 - a^2b - ab^2 - b^3\\=&a^3 - b^3\end{aligned}$
(2)
由(1)知$m^3 - n^3=(m - n)(m^2 + mn + n^2)$,
$m^2 - n^2=(m + n)(m - n)$,
$m^2 + 2mn + n^2=(m + n)^2$。
$\begin{aligned}&\frac{m^3 - n^3}{m^2 + mn + n^2} ÷ \frac{m^2 - n^2}{m^2 + 2mn + n^2}\\=&\frac{(m - n)(m^2 + mn + n^2)}{m^2 + mn + n^2}×\frac{(m + n)^2}{(m + n)(m - n)}\\=&m + n\end{aligned}$