一、请为与后缀 -ly 相关的三类变化各举三个例子
（例：bad→badly）

1. happy → happily; sad → sadly; noisy → noisily
2. day → daily; week → weekly; month → monthly
3. kind → kindly; like → likely; dead → deadly

【分析】
这道题考查英语中后缀-ly的构词用法，需明确三类变化的规则：1. 形容词变副词，通常直接在形容词后加-ly，用于修饰动词等；2. 名词变形容词，加-ly后表示“与该名词相关的、每…的”含义；3. 形容词变形容词，属于特殊变形，加-ly后词义会发生变化。解题时需依据每类规则，结合常见词汇举例，保证例子符合对应变化类型。
【解析】
1. 形容词变副词：一般在形容词后直接加-ly，如happy变happily，sad变sadly，noisy变noisily；
2. 名词变形容词：名词加-ly后构成表示“每…的”的形容词，如day变daily（每日的），week变weekly（每周的），month变monthly（每月的）；
3. 形容词变形容词：这类是特殊变形，加-ly后词义改变，如kind变kindly（友善的），like变likely（可能的），dead变deadly（致命的）。
【答案】
1. happy → happily; sad → sadly; noisy → noisily；2. day → daily; week → weekly; month → monthly；3. kind → kindly; like → likely; dead → deadly
【知识点】
形容词变副词（后缀-ly）、名词变形容词（后缀-ly）、形容词变形容词（后缀-ly）
【点评】
本题考查英语构词法中后缀-ly的三类常见用法，是英语词汇学习的基础内容，例子均为常用词汇，需学生区分不同词性加-ly后的变化规则。
【难度系数】
0.3

二、请为加后缀 -ly 的三种情况各举三个例子

1. polite → politely; final → finally; careful → carefully
2. terrible → terribly; simple → simply; possible → possibly
3. easy → easily; healthy → healthily; lucky → luckily

【分析】
本题要求根据形容词变副词时加-ly的三种规则各举3个例子，需先明确三种变化规则：1. 一般情况直接加-ly；2. 词尾以le结尾的形容词，变e为y；3. 词尾以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，先变y为i，再加-ly。再对应规则选取合适的形容词转化为副词即可。
【解析】
1. 直接加-ly的情况：选取无特殊变化的形容词，polite直接加-ly变为politely，final直接加-ly变为finally，careful直接加-ly变为carefully；
2. 词尾为le的情况：terrible将词尾e改为y变为terribly，simple将词尾e改为y变为simply，possible将词尾e改为y变为possibly；
3. 词尾为y的情况：easy先变y为i再加-ly变为easily，healthy先变y为i再加-ly变为healthily，lucky先变y为i再加-ly变为luckily。
【答案】
1. polite → politely; final → finally; careful → carefully
2. terrible → terribly; simple → simply; possible → possibly
3. easy → easily; healthy → healthily; lucky → luckily
【知识点】
形容词变副词；后缀-ly用法
【点评】
本题考查形容词变副词的基础规则应用，需牢记不同词尾对应的变化方式，是英语学习中副词构成的基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空
Protect the coral reef
A coral reef is like a magical underwater city. It is full of colourful fish, strange sea plants and amazing coral.
In this beautiful place, small fish swim $^{(1)}$ (quick) among the coral, looking for food. Big sea turtles move $^{(2)}$ (slow), as if they were taking a peaceful walk. Crabs crawl (爬行) $^{(3)}$ (careful) in the sand, trying not to be noticed. Some small shrimps (虾) work $^{(4)}$ (real) hard to clean the coral reef.
However, humans are making trouble. Some boats make loud noises when passing by coral reefs. That is not $^{(5)}$ (friend) to the sea animals. We also fish too much and pollute the sea. These human activities are hurting coral reefs, and many sea animals are losing their homes.
We need to act now. Let's stop polluting and protect coral reefs. Only in this way can we keep this type of amazing ecosystem alive.

1. quickly 2. slowly 3. carefully 4. really 5. friendly

【分析】本题考查英语词性转换的运用，解题思路是：根据括号中所给单词在句中的语法作用判断所需词性：修饰动词时用副词，系动词后作表语时用形容词。具体来看，第1-4空均修饰动词，需将所给形容词变为对应副词；第5空在系动词后，需将名词变为形容词。
【解析】1. 此处修饰动词swim，需用副词，quick的副词形式为quickly；2. 此处修饰动词move，需用副词，slow的副词形式为slowly；3. 此处修饰动词crawl，需用副词，careful的副词形式为carefully；4. 此处修饰副词hard，需用副词，real的副词形式为really；5. 此处在系动词is后作表语，需用形容词，friend的形容词形式为friendly。
【答案】1. quickly 2. slowly 3. carefully 4. really 5. friendly
【知识点】副词的用法、形容词的用法、词性转换
【点评】本题是基础的词性转换填空题，主要考查副词修饰动词、形容词作表语的核心知识点，难度较低，学生掌握基本词性变化规则即可作答。
【难度系数】0.9

一、阅读短文，回答问题
The sea water has turned red by the beaches of Sydney. The beaches are closed and swimmers are afraid to go swimming in the sea. Moreover, the water looks bright in the dark. This is called a "red tide (赤潮)". It is only a natural phenomenon (现象) and has nothing to do with the end of the world. The red colour comes from a kind of bacteria (细菌) that grows in the water. The reason why the water has turned red is that the temperature in the water is just right to make these bacteria grow.
Some of the red tides can smell bad and let off gases (气体) that can hurt the skin. That makes people uncomfortable. Some can even be harmful to fish because there will be little oxygen in the water.
Are these tides always red? No. There are tides that have no colour or a colour of pink or green. Different colours depend on different kinds of bacteria causing the tides.
1. What causes the sea water to turn red?

2. Why can red tides be harmful to fish?

3. What colours can red tides be?

4. How can understanding red tides help us protect the environment?

1. A kind of bacteria that grows in the water when the temperature is right.
2. Because there will be little oxygen in the water.
3. Red tides can be red, pink or green, or even have no colour.
4. By learning about red tides, we can find ways to keep our oceans clean and safe for both people and marine life.（答案合理即可）

【分析】
解答本题需先通读短文，理解赤潮的相关内容，再针对每个问题回到原文定位对应信息：前3题是细节题，直接提取原文关键内容；第4题是开放题，结合文章主旨给出合理表述即可，确保答案符合原文意思。
【解析】
1. 从原文第一段可知，海水变红是因为水中温度适宜时，一种生长在水中的细菌繁殖，对应提取答案。
2. 原文第二段明确提到赤潮对鱼类有害是因为水中氧气含量低，直接提取该原因。
3. 原文第三段说明赤潮的颜色不只有红色，还可能是粉色、绿色或无色，整理相关内容。
4. 结合文章介绍赤潮的成因与危害，可知了解赤潮能帮助我们找到保持海洋清洁、保障人类和海洋生物安全的方法，表述合理即可。
【答案】
1. A kind of bacteria that grows in the water when the temperature is right.
2. Because there will be little oxygen in the water.
3. Red tides can be red, pink or green, or even have no colour.
4. By learning about red tides, we can find ways to keep our oceans clean and safe for both people and marine life.（答案合理即可）
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解，开放表达
【点评】
本题围绕赤潮这一自然现象设置问题，考查学生的信息定位、提取能力及语言表达能力，题目难度适中，符合英语阅读理解的常规考查形式。
【难度系数】
0.6