A
A team of scientists are carrying out a project at the University of Greenwich in London. They are trying to find ways to make food on Mars in the future. The project is called “Feeding Mars”. It tries to use water, fish and fish waste to grow fruit and vegetables on Mars.
It will take at least 21 months to reach Mars, learn about its surface and go back to Earth. It will be a big help if the spacemen can grow fresh food on Mars itself.
Farming on Mars, however, will be very hard. Although scientists can take plenty of water from ice just below the surface, the land on Mars is missing the nutrients (养分) for living things. The team say that they could solve the problem by growing plants and fish together. And they can use fish waste to provide nutrients for plants.
Dr. Benz Kotzen, the leader of the project, said, “You can expect to grow lots of food, such as vegetables, salads, teas and medicinal (药用的) plants on Mars. And you can even harvest (捕猎) fish for food then.”
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()1. What is the project “Feeding Mars” about?
about?
A. Finding lives on Mars.
B. Making food on Mars.
C. Studying the soil on Mars.
D. Finding water on Mars.
()2. What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. The future.
B. The planet.
C. The land.
D. The project.
()3. How long will the project last?
A. About one year.
B. More than 10 months.
C. At least 21 months.
D. More than two years.
()4. What makes it difficult to farm on Mars?
A. Ice below the surface.
B. Too much fish waste.
C. The missing of living things.
D. The poor land condition.
()5. What does Dr. Benz Kotzen think of “Feeding Mars”?
A. Hopeful.
B. Impossible.
C. Strange.
D. Funny.

1. B 由第一段第二句可知，该项目是为了找到在火星上种植粮食作物的方法。
2. D 结合上一句可知，这个项目被称作“Feeding Mars”，它试图使用水、鱼和鱼的粪便在火星上种植水果和蔬菜。句中的“它”（It）指的是“这个项目”（project）。
3. C 由第二段第一句可知，这个项目包括到达火星、研究火星的表面及返回地球，整个过程将耗时至少21个月。
4. D 由第三段第一、二句可知，在火星上耕种会很困难，因为火星上的土地缺少生物需要的养分。故D项The poor land condition“贫瘠的陆地条件”符合文章描述。
5. A 由文章最后一段Dr. Benz Kotzen说的话可知，他对在火星上种植更多的粮食作物充满期待。故推断他认为“Feeding Mars”这一计划充满希望。hopeful意为“有希望的”，符合文意。

【分析】这是一篇科普类英语阅读理解题，需根据原文内容解答5道选择题。解题思路如下：1. 细节理解题需定位题干关键词，查找原文对应信息；2. 代词指代题需联系上文，确定前文单数名词为指代对象；3. 时间细节题需定位时间相关表述，提取原文时长；4. 原因细节题需定位“火星耕种困难”的相关内容，找到对应原因；5. 人物态度推断题需定位专家发言，推断其对项目的态度。
【解析】1. 细节理解题：由第一段第二句可知，“Feeding Mars”项目旨在寻找未来在火星上制造食物的方法，对应选项B。2. 词义猜测题：第一段提到项目名为“Feeding Mars”，后一句中“It”指代前文的项目，对应选项D。3. 细节理解题：由第二段第一句可知，项目耗时至少21个月，对应选项C。4. 细节理解题：由第三段可知，火星土地缺少生物所需养分，条件差导致耕种困难，对应选项D。5. 推理判断题：由最后一段专家的发言可知，他对项目充满期待，认为项目有希望，对应选项A。
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】本题围绕火星食物种植展开，考查学生对文章细节的查找、代词指代的理解及人物态度的推断，题目难度适中，贴近原文内容，适合初中学生巩固阅读理解技能。
【难度系数】0.6

B
As we all know, there are eight planets in the solar system. These planets are all round, like balls, going around the sun.
Venus is only a little smaller than Earth, about 95% of Earth's diameter and 80% of Earth's weight. The word “Venus” means the goddess(女神) of love and beauty in Greek(希腊语).
We name the planet “Venus” probably because of its brightness. We human beings knew Venus a long time ago. It is the brightest thing in the sky except(除……之外) the Sun and Moon. People also call Venus the Morning Star or the Evening Star, because Venus shines brighter shortly before sunrise and after sunset.
A lot of observation(观察) of Venus was important to Copernicus's Heliocentric Theory(日心说) of the solar system. In 1961, scientists sent the first spaceship to explore Venus. Now there are more than 40 spaceships and we can make sure that this bright star will have a bright future.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()6. What's Venus like?
A. It's bigger and heavier than Earth.
B. It's smaller but brighter than Moon.
C. It's bigger but lighter than the Sun.
D. It's smaller and lighter than Earth.
()7. What does the word “Venus” mean in Greek?
A. The goddess of love and beauty.
B. The Morning Star.
C. The Evening Star.
D. The center of the solar system.
()8. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?
A. Venus is the brightest in the sky.
B. People knew Venus a long time ago.
C. Venus is a special star in the solar system.
D. Venus only appears in the morning and in the afternoon.
()9. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. The size of Venus.
B. The importance of Venus.
C. The exploration of Venus.
D. The future of Venus.
()10. What's the best title for the passage?
A. A Bright Star, a Bright Future
B. Center of the Universe
C. Huge Space, a Small Star
D. Let's Fly to Venus

6. D 由第二段第一句可知，金星比地球略小，重量是地球的80%，比地球轻。
7. A 由第二段第二句可知，Venus是希腊爱与美的女神维纳斯的名字。
8. B 由第三段第二句可知，人类认识金星已经很久了。
9. C 由第四段可知，本段主要介绍人类从观察金星到1962年人类首次探索金星，再到目前已有20多个宇宙飞船到达金星的探索过程。
10. A 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍有关金星的知识、人类对金星的探索以及对未来的期待。故A项“A Bright Star, a Bright Future”（明亮的星球，光明的未来）符合文章主旨，可作为文章标题。

【分析】本题为英语阅读理解选择题，解题思路为：先通读全文把握文章主旨（介绍金星的相关知识、人类对金星的探索及未来期待），再针对每道题的题干关键词，定位到原文对应段落，对比选项与原文表述，排除错误选项，选出正确答案。具体需注意：第6题定位金星的大小与重量描述；第7题定位Venus的希腊语含义；第8题定位第三段的对应信息；第9题分析第四段的核心内容；第10题总结全文主旨选标题。
【解析】6. 根据第二段第一句“Venus is only a little smaller than Earth, about 95% of Earth's diameter and 80% of Earth's weight.”可知，金星比地球小且轻，对应选项D。
7. 根据第二段第二句“The word “Venus” means the goddess of love and beauty in Greek.”可知，Venus在希腊语中意为爱与美的女神，对应选项A。
8. 根据第三段第二句“We human beings knew Venus a long time ago.”可知，人类很早就认识金星，对应选项B。
9. 第四段主要介绍对金星的观察对哥白尼日心说的重要性、1961年首艘宇宙飞船探索金星及目前已有多艘宇宙飞船探索金星的过程，核心是对金星的探索，对应选项C。
10. 全文围绕金星的相关知识、人类对金星的探索及未来期待展开，A选项“A Bright Star, a Bright Future”契合文章主旨，对应选项A。
【答案】6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.A
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文是介绍金星的说明文，题目侧重考查学生对文章细节信息的定位能力和主旨大意的归纳能力，题型常规，难度适中，需学生仔细核对原文与选项的匹配度。
【难度系数】0.6