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六、★★★ (前沿科技＞科技运用与安全)阅读理解
主题:人与社会——历史、社会与文化 学科素养:文化意识 词数:约260 建议用时:7分钟
Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you're paying by sharing your personal data(数据). Then businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you target ads (定向广告).
What happens to personal information online?
Many free apps get paid by businesses that want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about customers. Companies called “data brokers” collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow, and then sell it to other brokers and businesses.
The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services.
What can we do about it?
Many countries have made laws to protect personal information. For example, a law in the United States says companies must get parents’ permission to collect personal data from kids under 13. China’s law on personal information protection came into effect on November 1, 2021. At the same time, we should try to protect our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it.
(
A. By sharing their personal data.
B. By buying and using the data.
C. By showing the target ads.
D. By talking with friends.
(
A.
B. C. D.
(
A. What are people interested in?
B. Why do businesses show their ads?
C. Why do businesses want the data?
D. What are the new products?
(
A. Businessmen.
B. App users.
C. Lawyers.
D. Data brokers.
主题:人与社会——历史、社会与文化 学科素养:文化意识 词数:约260 建议用时:7分钟
Have you ever wondered why so many apps are free to use? After all, they cost money to run. Well, instead of paying with money, you're paying by sharing your personal data(数据). Then businesses buy and use the data so that they can show you target ads (定向广告).
What happens to personal information online?
Many free apps get paid by businesses that want to know about the users of the apps. What a business wants is the exact information about customers. Companies called “data brokers” collect your data—everything from your name, location and education level to the topics you search for, the websites you visit and the people you follow, and then sell it to other brokers and businesses.
The data is valuable. Businesses can use the information from data brokers to target their ads. It means they will show their ads to the people who are most likely to be interested in their products or services.
What can we do about it?
Many countries have made laws to protect personal information. For example, a law in the United States says companies must get parents’ permission to collect personal data from kids under 13. China’s law on personal information protection came into effect on November 1, 2021. At the same time, we should try to protect our data. If an app asks for something like your location, consider saying “No” first. In short, information about you is very valuable. Try to protect it.
(
A
) 30. According to the passage, how can people use some apps for free?A. By sharing their personal data.
B. By buying and using the data.
C. By showing the target ads.
D. By talking with friends.
(
B
) 31. ★★★ (新考法+图文转换) According to the passage, which picture can describe how businesses show us target ads?A.
B. C. D.(
C
) 32. (新考法+信息还原) Which of the following can be put in the “ ▲ ”?A. What are people interested in?
B. Why do businesses show their ads?
C. Why do businesses want the data?
D. What are the new products?
(
B
) 33. Who’s the passage written for?A. Businessmen.
B. App users.
C. Lawyers.
D. Data brokers.
答案
答案速查 30.A 31.B 32.C 33.B
【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了免费的 app 收集我们的个人数据，指出我们应该高度重视和保护个人信息。
30. A【点拨】细节理解题。根据第一段“instead of paying with money, you’re paying by sharing your personal data”可知，人们通过分享个人数据来免费使用一些软件。故选 A。
31. B【点拨】图文转换题。根据第二段及第三段可知，用户使用那些应用程序，然后数据分析员收集你的所有数据，然后把它们卖给企业，企业再定投广告。此思路对应 B 项图片，故选 B。
32. C【点拨】推理判断题。第三段主要介绍了企业为什么需要这些数据和这些数据的用途，故此处应提问“为什么企业想要这些数据”，故选 C。
33. B【点拨】推理判断题。本文介绍了为什么用户能够免费使用应用程序，因此这篇文章的阅读对象是应用程序的使用者，故选 B。
解析
【分析】
本题是一篇科技类阅读理解题，涵盖细节理解、图文转换、信息还原、推理判断四类题型，解题需运用“信息还原”的思维方法：先定位题目对应原文的前后关键信息，再分析句子间的逻辑衔接方向，最后匹配选项验证答案。具体来看，30题需回原文找免费使用APP的方式；31题需梳理数据流转逻辑匹配对应图片；32题需结合上下文逻辑补全句子；33题需根据文章内容推断阅读对象。
【解析】
30. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“instead of paying with money, you're paying by sharing your personal data”可知，人们通过分享个人数据免费使用APP，故选A。
31. 图文转换题：梳理原文逻辑：用户使用APP→数据经纪人收集数据→卖给企业→企业用数据投放定向广告，对应B选项图片，故选B。
32. 信息还原题：第三段主要介绍企业需要数据的原因及用途，前文引出“个人信息的去向”，后文讲数据的价值，故此处应提问“为什么企业想要这些数据”，选C。
33. 推理判断题：文章围绕APP用户免费使用APP的代价、数据保护等内容展开，阅读对象是APP使用者，故选B。
【答案】
30.A 31.B 32.C 33.B
【知识点】
阅读理解、图文转换、信息还原
【点评】
本题以个人信息保护为主题，融入新考法（图文转换、信息还原），考查学生的阅读理解与逻辑分析能力，贴近生活实际，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题是一篇科技类阅读理解题，涵盖细节理解、图文转换、信息还原、推理判断四类题型，解题需运用“信息还原”的思维方法：先定位题目对应原文的前后关键信息，再分析句子间的逻辑衔接方向，最后匹配选项验证答案。具体来看，30题需回原文找免费使用APP的方式；31题需梳理数据流转逻辑匹配对应图片；32题需结合上下文逻辑补全句子；33题需根据文章内容推断阅读对象。
【解析】
30. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段“instead of paying with money, you're paying by sharing your personal data”可知，人们通过分享个人数据免费使用APP，故选A。
31. 图文转换题：梳理原文逻辑：用户使用APP→数据经纪人收集数据→卖给企业→企业用数据投放定向广告，对应B选项图片，故选B。
32. 信息还原题：第三段主要介绍企业需要数据的原因及用途，前文引出“个人信息的去向”，后文讲数据的价值，故此处应提问“为什么企业想要这些数据”，选C。
33. 推理判断题：文章围绕APP用户免费使用APP的代价、数据保护等内容展开，阅读对象是APP使用者，故选B。
【答案】
30.A 31.B 32.C 33.B
【知识点】
阅读理解、图文转换、信息还原
【点评】
本题以个人信息保护为主题，融入新考法（图文转换、信息还原），考查学生的阅读理解与逻辑分析能力，贴近生活实际，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
