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新素养 理性思维 Fake news refers to false or misleading information that is shown as if it were true news. While fake news has many forms, it can be divided into two types: misinformation and disinformation. Misinformation is when false information is shared by someone who believes that information to be true. Normally it isn't done on purpose. Disinformation is when misleading or even false information is shared to deceive others on purpose.
There are lots of reasons why people share fake news. Often the person sharing it doesn't realize that it's fake. Sometimes it's done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be to make people laugh. Fake news can also be shared by someone who wants others to hear their own personal opinions and be affected by them. Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and businesses.
Fake news? Question it! To work out whether the "news" we are reading is fake, we can use our critical thinking(批判性思考) skills to ask ourselves the following questions.
Is it a mistake or just a joke?
People sometimes share information, believing that it's true, because they don't realize that it's a joke. ①
Are there lots of spelling and grammar mistakes?
If yes, it's a sign that no one is checking the content. This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy(不可靠的). ②
Is the article advertising something?
Sometimes a news article can influence us to buy something. Companies will often pay a news organization to talk about their product as if it's "news" to encourage people to buy it. ③
Is the headline believable?
Sensational(耸人听闻的) headlines encourage us to click on a story because they catch our attention. Some people get paid for every click, so before clicking, ask yourself, "Does the story sound made-up, or even impossible?" ④
Is there bias(偏见)?
Sometimes certain facts have been left out of a story because the writer wants the readers to believe it. Bias is an underlying(隐含的) opinion that guides our actions. See if you can fact-check the story with another news source if you're unsure.
When fake news causes stress or hurt to people, those who have helped spread it will say they were not to blame. However, sharing fake news is just like adding fuel to a fire. If the false information doesn't get shared, it doesn't get seen and cannot achieve its purpose. When it comes to fake news, it's not enough to not write something, and we must refuse to share it too.
(
A. To explain how to fight fake news.
B. To ask questions about fake news.
C. To express the writer's mixed feelings.
D. To introduce the topic of the passage.
(
A. be guided by others
B. be laughed at by others
C. believe untrue things
D. believe unknown things
(
A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
(
A. By checking the story with another news source if we are not sure.
B. By checking its writer to see if he or she is a famous writer or journalist.
C. By paying a news organization which discusses the product to check if it is fake.
D. By clicking on it and then asking ourselves if the story sounds made-up or impossible.
(
A. To express the writer's surprise and worry.
B. To explain why it is difficult to control a fire.
C. To encourage more people to share fake news.
D. To show sharing fake news makes the problem worse.
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There are lots of reasons why people share fake news. Often the person sharing it doesn't realize that it's fake. Sometimes it's done to advertise a service or product, so that someone can make money. It could even be to make people laugh. Fake news can also be shared by someone who wants others to hear their own personal opinions and be affected by them. Still, fake news is shared to influence the opinions and beliefs of others about organizations and businesses.
Fake news? Question it! To work out whether the "news" we are reading is fake, we can use our critical thinking(批判性思考) skills to ask ourselves the following questions.
Is it a mistake or just a joke?
People sometimes share information, believing that it's true, because they don't realize that it's a joke. ①
Are there lots of spelling and grammar mistakes?
If yes, it's a sign that no one is checking the content. This could mean that those writing the content are not professional writers or journalists and the news content is untrustworthy(不可靠的). ②
Is the article advertising something?
Sometimes a news article can influence us to buy something. Companies will often pay a news organization to talk about their product as if it's "news" to encourage people to buy it. ③
Is the headline believable?
Sensational(耸人听闻的) headlines encourage us to click on a story because they catch our attention. Some people get paid for every click, so before clicking, ask yourself, "Does the story sound made-up, or even impossible?" ④
Is there bias(偏见)?
Sometimes certain facts have been left out of a story because the writer wants the readers to believe it. Bias is an underlying(隐含的) opinion that guides our actions. See if you can fact-check the story with another news source if you're unsure.
When fake news causes stress or hurt to people, those who have helped spread it will say they were not to blame. However, sharing fake news is just like adding fuel to a fire. If the false information doesn't get shared, it doesn't get seen and cannot achieve its purpose. When it comes to fake news, it's not enough to not write something, and we must refuse to share it too.
(
D
)36. What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 1?A. To explain how to fight fake news.
B. To ask questions about fake news.
C. To express the writer's mixed feelings.
D. To introduce the topic of the passage.
(
C
)37. The underlined word "deceive" in Paragraph 1 means "to make someone ".A. be guided by others
B. be laughed at by others
C. believe untrue things
D. believe unknown things
(
A
)38. 新考法 句子回填 Where can we put "It might even be April Fool's Day."?A. ①
B. ②
C. ③
D. ④
(
A
)39. According to the passage, how can we work out whether the "news" we are reading is fake?A. By checking the story with another news source if we are not sure.
B. By checking its writer to see if he or she is a famous writer or journalist.
C. By paying a news organization which discusses the product to check if it is fake.
D. By clicking on it and then asking ourselves if the story sounds made-up or impossible.
(
D
)40. In the last paragraph, why does the writer say "sharing fake news is just like adding fuel to a fire"?A. To express the writer's surprise and worry.
B. To explain why it is difficult to control a fire.
C. To encourage more people to share fake news.
D. To show sharing fake news makes the problem worse.
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答案
36. D 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. D
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含5道不同题型：36题考查段落写作目的，需梳理第一段核心内容；37题考查词义猜测，需结合上下文语境；38题考查句子回填，需匹配句子与对应段落主题；39题考查细节理解，需定位原文判断方法；40题考查句意理解，需结合上下文理解比喻义。
【解析】
36题：第一段先定义假新闻，再将其分为误传和故意误导两类，作用是引出“假新闻”话题，对应选项D。A选项“如何对抗假新闻”是后文内容，B选项“提问”是中间部分，C选项“混合感情”未提及，均排除。
37题：根据第一段，误传是无意分享假信息，故意误导是故意分享误导信息，故“deceive”意为“让别人相信不真实的事情”，选C。A、B、D均不符合语境。
38题：待填句意为“可能是愚人节”，对应前面的问题“是错误还是玩笑？”，应放在①处，选A。
39题：根据原文“不确定时用其他新闻来源核实”，对应选项A。B选项“看是否是著名作家”原文未提；C选项“付钱给新闻机构”与原文不符；D选项“点击后询问”与原文“点击前”要求不符，排除。
40题：“火上浇油”比喻分享假新闻会让问题更严重，对应选项D。A、B、C均不符合比喻义。
【答案】
36.D 37.C 38.A 39.A 40.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、词义猜测、细节理解
【点评】
本文围绕假新闻的定义、类型、传播原因及判断方法展开，考查多种阅读理解题型，需学生结合原文细节分析，培养批判性思维能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含5道不同题型：36题考查段落写作目的，需梳理第一段核心内容；37题考查词义猜测，需结合上下文语境；38题考查句子回填，需匹配句子与对应段落主题；39题考查细节理解，需定位原文判断方法；40题考查句意理解，需结合上下文理解比喻义。
【解析】
36题：第一段先定义假新闻，再将其分为误传和故意误导两类，作用是引出“假新闻”话题，对应选项D。A选项“如何对抗假新闻”是后文内容，B选项“提问”是中间部分，C选项“混合感情”未提及，均排除。
37题：根据第一段，误传是无意分享假信息，故意误导是故意分享误导信息，故“deceive”意为“让别人相信不真实的事情”，选C。A、B、D均不符合语境。
38题：待填句意为“可能是愚人节”，对应前面的问题“是错误还是玩笑？”，应放在①处，选A。
39题：根据原文“不确定时用其他新闻来源核实”，对应选项A。B选项“看是否是著名作家”原文未提；C选项“付钱给新闻机构”与原文不符；D选项“点击后询问”与原文“点击前”要求不符，排除。
40题：“火上浇油”比喻分享假新闻会让问题更严重，对应选项D。A、B、C均不符合比喻义。
【答案】
36.D 37.C 38.A 39.A 40.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、词义猜测、细节理解
【点评】
本文围绕假新闻的定义、类型、传播原因及判断方法展开，考查多种阅读理解题型，需学生结合原文细节分析，培养批判性思维能力。
【难度系数】
0.6
