一、根据句意和汉语提示写单词,每空一词
1. It is important to （回收利用）waste paper and glass to protect the environment.
2. Thick （烟雾）covered the city yesterday, and the government asked people to stay at home.
3. It's reported that waste water from the factory （污染）the river last week.
4. We should （再次使用）the plastic bottles instead of throwing them away.

1. recycle 2. smog 3. polluted 4. reuse

【分析】
本题要求根据句意和汉语提示填写单词，需先分析句子的语法结构（如动词不定式、时态、词性等），再结合汉语提示确定单词，同时注意单词的正确形式（原形、过去式等）。
【解析】
1. 句型“It is important to do sth”中，to后需接动词原形，结合汉语“回收利用”，填recycle；
2. 形容词Thick后需接名词，汉语“烟雾”对应名词smog；
3. 时间状语last week表明用一般过去时，汉语“污染”的动词过去式为polluted；
4. 情态动词should后接动词原形，汉语“再次使用”对应reuse。
【答案】
1. recycle 2. smog 3. polluted 4. reuse
【知识点】
动词形式、名词词义、情态动词用法
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词汇的运用，结合语法规则（如动词不定式、时态、情态动词）填写单词，属于基础题型，难度较低，需掌握核心词汇和基本语法。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空

1. The city was covered in thick , so we couldn't see the tall buildings clearly.
2. The school encourages students old textbooks instead of buying new ones.
3. The lab teacher taught us how to use different safely in experiments.
4. warming is a serious problem that affects all countries around the world.
5. Air is becoming a serious problem in many big cities.

1. smog 2. to recycle 3. chemicals 4. Global
5. pollution

【分析】
这是一道用方框内词汇适当形式填空的题目，需结合句子语境、固定搭配、词性变化来解题。步骤：1. 分析第1句语境，“厚的烟雾”对应方框内的smog，直接用名词形式；2. 第2句用到固定搭配encourage sb to do sth，需将方框内的recycle变为不定式；3. 第3句different后接可数名词复数，chemical要变复数形式；4. 第4句“全球变暖”是固定短语，global需首字母大写；5. 第5句“空气污染”是固定表达，pollute要转换为名词形式。
【解析】
1. 句意为“这座城市被厚烟雾覆盖，所以我们看不清高楼”，smog（烟雾）符合语境，作名词使用，填smog；2. 固定搭配encourage sb to do sth表示“鼓励某人做某事”，方框内的recycle需用不定式形式to recycle；3. different后接可数名词复数，chemical（化学品）的复数形式为chemicals；4. “全球变暖”是固定短语Global warming，global首字母大写；5. air后需名词，pollute（动词，污染）的名词形式是pollution，air pollution意为“空气污染”，符合句意。
【答案】
1. smog 2. to recycle 3. chemicals 4. Global 5. pollution
【知识点】
动词不定式、名词复数、词性转换、固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查方框内词汇的适当形式运用，涉及固定搭配、词性变化等基础知识点，难度适中，需学生掌握词汇的不同形式及常用短语。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、汉译英
1. 有时候雾霾太重，我几乎都看不清街对面！


2. 垃圾中的有害化学物质污染了土壤和水源。


3. 每天，大量来自家庭和工业的废物被埋入地下。


4. 还有来自农业的有害化学物质。

1. Sometimes it's so smoggy that I can hardly see across the street!
2. Harmful chemicals from the waste pollute the soil and water.
3. Every day, so much waste from people's homes and industries gets buried underground.
4. There are also harmful chemicals from farming.

【分析】汉译英时，需先明确每个中文句子的核心语义，再匹配对应的英语常用表达、固定句式及语法结构：1. 句中“太...几乎不...”用so...that...结果状语从句，“雾霾重”译为smoggy；2. “有害化学物质”是harmful chemicals，“来自垃圾”用from the waste，“污染”对应pollute；3. “大量废物”因waste是不可数名词用so much，被动结构“被埋入”用gets buried；4. “还有”用There are also...，“来自农业”译为from farming。
【解析】1. 中文“有时候雾霾太重，我几乎都看不清街对面”，用so...that...结构，译为Sometimes it's so smoggy that I can hardly see across the street!；2. “垃圾中的有害化学物质污染了土壤和水源”，译为Harmful chemicals from the waste pollute the soil and water.；3. “每天，大量来自家庭和工业的废物被埋入地下”，译为Every day, so much waste from people's homes and industries gets buried underground.；4. “还有来自农业的有害化学物质”，译为There are also harmful chemicals from farming.
【答案】1. Sometimes it's so smoggy that I can hardly see across the street!
2. Harmful chemicals from the waste pollute the soil and water.
3. Every day, so much waste from people's homes and industries gets buried underground.
4. There are also harmful chemicals from farming.
【知识点】汉译英，固定句式，被动语态
【点评】本题为基础汉译英题，考查常用英语表达、固定句型及被动语态的运用，需准确对应中文语义，注意词汇搭配和语法结构，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

四、阅读理解
The Maowusu Desert, once one of the four main deserts in China, is becoming a green land. It is between Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia and was known as “Devil’s Land(恶魔之地)” in the past. Many years ago, local people experienced a lot of sandstorms. Just to get out of their houses, they had to clear thick sand away from front doors.
From 1959, local people decided to fight back the sand. Since then, they
have planted trees to slow down the wind, and worked hard to turn the sandy land into farmland. Yin Yuzhen came to live near the Maowusu Desert after she married her husband in 1985. Once she saw a small tree growing in their yard, and then she decided to protect her family through planting trees.
Yin and her husband bought 600 small trees in the spring of 1986 and planted them around their house. Though she had taken very good care of the trees, only 10 of them were still alive in the following year. Instead of feeling sad, Yin was hopeful. She said it meant that trees could live in this environment. After 30 years of hard work by Yin and her family, the sand world around their house has become an endless green place.
Now 80% of the Maowusu Desert has been changed. Today, there are forests, farmlands, cows and sheep and even highways in the desert.
Clearly it is a miracle. Millions of people’s hard work and the country’s plan and help make all of this come true. Now people there don’t have to worry about the sand-related disasters. What’s more, their lives have improved a lot.
()1. Why people called the Maowusu Desert “Devil’s Land” in the past probably?
A. Because nobody lived there.
B. Because it caused many sandstorms.
C. Because there was a devil story about it.
D. Because many strange things happened there.
()2. How did Yin feel after she found only 10 trees were alive in 1987?
A. She was sad.
B. She was hopeless.
C. She was worried.
D. She was hopeful.
()3. Why does the writer take the example of Yin Yuzhen?
A. To show the importance of water.
B. To show the living conditions near the desert.
C. To show people’s hard work in changing the desert.
D. To show the country’s plan to improve people’s lives.
()4. What can we know about the Maowusu Desert today?
A. 80% of it is forest.
B. There are farmlands.
C. Millions of people visit it every year.
D. There are strong sandstorms sometimes.

1－4. BDCB

【分析】做这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每道题的问题，回到原文定位关键信息，将选项与原文内容逐一比对，排除错误选项选出答案。具体到各题：第1题需查找毛乌素沙漠被称为“恶魔之地”的原因；第2题找殷玉珍看到存活树木后的感受；第3题分析举殷玉珍例子的写作目的；第4题确认毛乌素沙漠现在的状况。
【解析】1. 定位原文第一段关键句“Many years ago, local people experienced a lot of sandstorms.”，可知过去毛乌素沙漠因引发大量沙尘暴被称为“恶魔之地”，对应选项B。2. 定位原文第三段关键句“only 10 of them were still alive in the following year. Instead of feeling sad, Yin was hopeful.”，可知殷玉珍当时是充满希望的，对应选项D。3. 殷玉珍一家30年坚持种树改造沙漠，作者举她的例子是为了体现人们改造沙漠的努力，对应选项C。4. 定位原文第四段关键句“Today, there are forests, farmlands, cows and sheep and even highways in the desert.”，A项是80%的沙漠被改造而非森林，C项原文未提及游客，D项现在无沙尘暴，只有B项符合原文。
【答案】BDCB
【知识点】阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文围绕毛乌素沙漠治理展开，考查学生对原文细节的查找和写作目的的理解，题目贴合初中英语阅读常见题型，难度适中，需仔细比对原文信息。
【难度系数】0.6