一、从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。
picnic grown-up opera recall pardon
1. My friend kindly me for completely forgetting her birthday, as she knew I was under too much stress at that time.
2. My grandfather can still remember lines from classic Chinese he watched twenty years ago.
3. We are going to have a by the river this weekend if the weather is fine.
4. The little girl the words her mother said to her yesterday and realized her mistake.
5. He told his children that keeping the mind active by reading is very important.

1. pardoned
2. operas
3. picnic
4. recalled
5. grown-up

【分析】首先明确方框内单词的词义与词性：picnic（野餐，可作名词/动词）、grown-up（成年人，可作名词/形容词）、opera（歌剧，可数名词）、recall（回忆，动词）、pardon（原谅，动词/名词）。解题时需结合每个句子的时态、语境、固定搭配，确定每个空所需的词形：1. 需用过去式动词；2. 需用可数名词复数；3. 需用固定短语中的名词原形；4. 需用过去式动词；5. 需用形容词修饰名词。
【解析】1. 句意：我的朋友好心原谅我完全忘记她的生日，因为她知道我当时压力太大。pardon表示“原谅”，由句中knew（过去式）可知时态为一般过去时，故填pardon的过去式pardoned；2. 句意：我爷爷仍然记得20年前看的经典中国歌剧的台词。opera是可数名词，句中lines（台词）为复数，故填opera的复数形式operas；3. 句意：如果天气好，我们这周末要在河边野餐。have a picnic是固定短语，意为“野餐”，故填picnic；4. 句意：小女孩回忆起妈妈昨天对她说的话，意识到自己的错误。recall表示“回忆”，由yesterday和realized（过去式）可知时态为一般过去时，故填recall的过去式recalled；5. 句意：他告诉他的成年孩子通过阅读保持思维活跃很重要。grown-up作形容词表示“成年的”，用于修饰名词children，故填grown-up。
【答案】1. pardoned；2. operas；3. picnic；4. recalled；5. grown-up
【知识点】动词过去式、名词复数、固定短语搭配
【点评】本题为基础选词填空题，考查常用词汇的词义、词性变化及语境运用，需结合句子时态、搭配和句意选择合适词形，是初中英语常见基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

二、用宾语从句的引导词what、how、why、where、which填空。
1. Could you tell me book you prefer, the storybook or the science book?
2. She doesn't understand her parents are so strict with her.
3. Do you know we can make a model plane with these waste materials?
4. I still remember the teacher wrote on the blackboard just now.
5. The little boy asked his mother his favourite toy car was.

1. which
2. why
3. how
4. what
5. where

【分析】本题考查宾语从句中特殊疑问类引导词的辨析，解题时需先理解每个句子的语境，明确空格处要表达的含义，再结合what（表内容）、how（表方式）、why（表原因）、where（表地点）、which（表选择范围）的用法选择合适引导词。具体分析：1. 句中有明确选择范围，需表“哪一个”的词；2. 句意为不理解父母严格的原因，需表“原因”的词；3. 句意为询问制作模型飞机的方法，需表“方式”的词；4. 句意为记得老师写的内容，需表“事物内容”的词；5. 句意为询问玩具车的位置，需表“地点”的词。
【解析】1. 空格后有选择范围“the storybook or the science book”，表两者中选“哪一个”，故用which；2. 空格后是不理解父母严格的原因，用表原因的why；3. 空格后是制作模型飞机的方式，用表方式的how；4. 空格后是老师写的内容，用表内容的what；5. 空格后是玩具车的位置，用表地点的where。
【答案】1. which 2. why 3. how 4. what 5. where
【知识点】宾语从句引导词辨析
【点评】本题为基础英语语法题，聚焦宾语从句特殊疑问词的用法，考查学生对引导词含义及语境适配性的掌握，难度较低，适合巩固宾语从句基础知识点。
【难度系数】0.3

三、根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。
1. 我想知道你昨天在图书馆借了哪本书。
I wonder .
2. 他的阿姨问他为什么今天上午上学迟到了。
His aunt asked him .
3. 你能告诉我怎样才能解决这个物理难题吗？
Could you tell me ?
4. 我们中没有人知道他昨天在会议上说了什么。
None of us knows .
5. 她想弄清楚这种学习方法是否对她有效。
She wants to find out .

1. which book you borrowed from the library yesterday
2. why he was late for school this morning
3. how I can solve this difficult physics problem
4. what he said at the meeting yesterday
5. if / whether this learning method works for her

【分析】这五道题均考查宾语从句的用法，解题时需把握三个关键：一是宾语从句必须用陈述语序（结构为“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”）；二是时态要与主句呼应，主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际语境用对应时态，主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关时态；三是根据汉语含义选择合适的引导词（如which book表“哪本书”，why表“为什么”，how表“怎样”，what表“什么”，if/whether表“是否”）。
【解析】1. 汉语“哪本书”对应引导词which book，主句为一般现在时，从句时间状语是yesterday，故用一般过去时，陈述语序为you borrowed from the library yesterday，组合后为which book you borrowed from the library yesterday。
2. 汉语“为什么”对应引导词why，主句为一般过去时（asked），从句时间状语是this morning，故用一般过去时，陈述语序为he was late for school，组合后为why he was late for school this morning。
3. 汉语“怎样”对应引导词how，从句需用陈述语序，结合语境主语为“我”，情态动词can后接动词原形solve，“物理难题”译为difficult physics problem，组合后为how I can solve this difficult physics problem。
4. 汉语“什么”对应引导词what，主句为一般现在时，从句时间状语是yesterday，故用一般过去时，陈述语序为he said at the meeting，组合后为what he said at the meeting yesterday。
5. 汉语“是否”对应引导词if/whether，从句主语是this learning method，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式works，“对她有效”译为works for her，组合后为if / whether this learning method works for her。
【答案】1. which book you borrowed from the library yesterday
2. why he was late for school this morning
3. how I can solve this difficult physics problem
4. what he said at the meeting yesterday
5. if / whether this learning method works for her
【知识点】宾语从句的用法、陈述语序、时态一致
【点评】本题围绕初中英语核心考点宾语从句展开，侧重考查引导词选择、语序及时态的正确运用，属于基础题型，需熟练掌握宾语从句的三要素规则。
【难度系数】0.5

四、根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
Many people complain that their memory is bad, especially as they get older. Life will be easier if you can remember things easily. So how can you improve your memory?
Many people think that repeating things is the best way to remember them. This, of course, helps with short-term memory (for example, remembering a telephone number for a few seconds), but psychologists (心理学家) doubt whether it can help you remember things for a very long time. A British psychologist once tested himself on the
materials that he repeated every morning for over 25 years. He found that he could only remember a few words!
A more helpful way, especially for remembering numbers, is grouping the information. The following numbers may be hard for most people to remember: 1492178919931848. But dividing them into meaningful chunks makes them much easier: 1492 (Columbus’s voyage), 1789 (French Revolution), 1993 (EU foundation), and 1848 (widespread revolutions in Europe).
According to experts, there are many ways of training your memory. One method, which may be useful in foreign language learning, is to create a picture connected to a word you want to remember in your mind. Another method is to make up a story that includes all the things you want to remember. In a test, people were asked to remember up to 120 words using this skill. As a result, they were able to recall 90% of them!
For those studying a large amount of information, psychologists think that the best way to remember the information is to ask yourself lots of questions as you go along. For example, if you were reading about a particular disease, you would ask yourself questions like “Do people get it from water?” or “What parts of the body does it influence?”. This is said to be far more effective.
()1. What does the writer think of repeating things?
A. It helps people remember things forever.
B. It makes remembering materials quickly.
C. It makes remembering things interesting.
D. It helps with short-term memory for sure.
()2. What does the underlined word "chunks" probably mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Hobbies. B. Objects.
C. Groups. D. Races.
()3. What can we infer from the text?
A. Remembering long numbers is easy for kids.
B. Creating a picture is useful in learning maths.
C. Inventing an object trains our memory quickly.
D. Asking yourself questions helps improve your memory.
()4. What methods of improving memory are mentioned in the text?
①making up stories
②creating mental pictures
③going to bed early at night
④asking questions while learning
⑤dividing information into chunks
⑥repeating information every morning
A. ①②④⑤⑥
B. ②③④⑤⑥
C. ①③④⑤⑥
D. ①②③④⑥
()5. What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing this text?
A. To complain that his memory is bad.
B. To share some ways of boosting memory.
C. To recognize some memory problems.
D. To explain some memory experiments.

1. D
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. B

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需根据原文细节逐一分析各题目选项：1题定位重复记忆的作用；2题结合上下文猜测词义；3题通过原文表述推理选项；4题梳理文中提到的记忆方法；5题总结文章主旨。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“This, of course, helps with short-term memory”可知，重复记忆确实有助于短期记忆，对应选项D。
2. 词义猜测题：第三段提到将长数字分成有意义的“chunks”，例子中是把数字分组，故“chunks”意为“组”，对应选项C。
3. 推理判断题：最后一段指出“ask yourself lots of questions... far more effective”，说明自问问题有助于提高记忆，对应选项D；A、B、C均无原文依据。
4. 细节理解题：文中提到的记忆方法有：重复（⑥）、分组（⑤）、创图像（②）、编故事（①）、提问（④），未提及早睡（③），故对应选项A。
5. 主旨大意题：文章围绕“如何提高记忆”展开，分享了多种记忆方法，对应选项B。
【答案】
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意）
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解常规题型，考查学生对原文细节的定位、词义猜测及主旨归纳能力，需学生仔细阅读原文，准确匹配选项与原文信息。
【难度系数】
0.6