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五、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
It could be easier to have heart problems if a person doesn't eat breakfast, according to a new study.
A team of scientists have studied 18 years of facts on 6,000 people over 40 years old. These people had no heart problems. 1 59% of the people eat breakfast every day, but 5.1% never do, 10.9% hardly ever do, and 25% don't do for a few days. 2 If people don't eat in the morning, they are up to 87% more probably to have heart problems.
One scientist said, “ 3 However, in the US, it's getting more and more common not to have breakfast. And 23.8% of the young people never eat breakfast. ”
4 The team has found an important reason. Those who don't eat breakfast may more possibly eat unhealthy food. Some studies show that eating breakfast may help fight heart problems. 5
A. However, they said they never ate breakfast.
B. They need to answer how often they eat breakfast.
C. Most people believe breakfast is an important meal of the day.
D. So it's necessary for everyone to know the importance of breakfast.
E. Why are breakfast habits connected(有关联的)with heart problems?
F. The team has found breakfast habits are connected with heart problems.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
It could be easier to have heart problems if a person doesn't eat breakfast, according to a new study.
A team of scientists have studied 18 years of facts on 6,000 people over 40 years old. These people had no heart problems. 1 59% of the people eat breakfast every day, but 5.1% never do, 10.9% hardly ever do, and 25% don't do for a few days. 2 If people don't eat in the morning, they are up to 87% more probably to have heart problems.
One scientist said, “ 3 However, in the US, it's getting more and more common not to have breakfast. And 23.8% of the young people never eat breakfast. ”
4 The team has found an important reason. Those who don't eat breakfast may more possibly eat unhealthy food. Some studies show that eating breakfast may help fight heart problems. 5
A. However, they said they never ate breakfast.
B. They need to answer how often they eat breakfast.
C. Most people believe breakfast is an important meal of the day.
D. So it's necessary for everyone to know the importance of breakfast.
E. Why are breakfast habits connected(有关联的)with heart problems?
F. The team has found breakfast habits are connected with heart problems.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案
【解析】：我们可以根据上下文的逻辑衔接逐一判断每个空的答案：
1. 空后列出了不同人群吃早餐的频率占比，对应B选项，承接前文科学家开展调研的背景，引出后续的调研数据。
2. 空后给出了不吃早餐人群患心脏病概率更高的具体数据，对应F选项，是调研得出的核心结论，引出后续的数据支撑。
3. 空后用However转折，说明现在不吃早餐的现象越来越普遍，对应C选项，和后文的转折内容形成合理的逻辑反差。
4. 空后提到团队找到了相关的重要原因，对应E选项，提出问题引出后文对原因的解释。
5. 空前已经解释完早餐习惯影响心脏健康的原理，对应D选项，是对全文内容的总结收尾。
多余选项A不符合全文逻辑，没有合适的位置填入。
【答案】：1. B 2. F 3. C 4. E 5. D
1. 空后列出了不同人群吃早餐的频率占比，对应B选项，承接前文科学家开展调研的背景，引出后续的调研数据。
2. 空后给出了不吃早餐人群患心脏病概率更高的具体数据，对应F选项，是调研得出的核心结论，引出后续的数据支撑。
3. 空后用However转折，说明现在不吃早餐的现象越来越普遍，对应C选项，和后文的转折内容形成合理的逻辑反差。
4. 空后提到团队找到了相关的重要原因，对应E选项，提出问题引出后文对原因的解释。
5. 空前已经解释完早餐习惯影响心脏健康的原理，对应D选项，是对全文内容的总结收尾。
多余选项A不符合全文逻辑，没有合适的位置填入。
【答案】：1. B 2. F 3. C 4. E 5. D
解析
【分析】
做这类阅读补全类题目，首先要先通读全文，明确本文核心是介绍一项关于早餐习惯和心脏健康关联的研究，之后逐空结合前后文的逻辑线索推导：
1. 先看第1空，前文提到科学家对6000名无心脏病的受访者开展长期调研，后文直接给出了不同人群吃早餐的频率占比，说明中间缺的是调研环节的相关内容，对应能引出频率统计的选项。
2. 第2空后面紧接着给出了不吃早餐人群患心脏病概率更高的具体数据，这里缺的是调研得出的核心结论，用来引出后续的具体数据支撑。
3. 第3空后面有明显的转折词However，转折后说现在不吃早餐的现象越来越普遍，说明空缺内容要和后文的反常现象形成反差，对应大众对早餐的普遍认知。
4. 第4空后面明确提到团队找到了相关的重要原因，说明空缺处是提出对应疑问，引出后文的原因解释。
5. 第5空位于全文末尾，前文已经完整讲完研究结论和背后原理，空缺处需要是对全文的总结收尾内容。最后验证剩下的多余选项没有适配的上下文位置，即可确定答案。
【解析】
我们可以根据上下文的逻辑衔接逐一判断每个空的答案：
1. 空前说明科学家对6000名无心脏病史的40岁以上人群开展了长达18年的调研，空后罗列了不同人群吃早餐的频率占比，B选项“他们需要回答自己吃早餐的频率”承接调研环节，自然引出后续的统计数据，逻辑通顺。
2. 空后给出了不吃早餐的人患心脏病概率高出87%的具体数据，F选项“该研究团队发现早餐习惯和心脏问题存在关联”是调研得出的核心结论，承上启下，衔接前文调研过程和后文的具体结论数据。
3. 空后出现转折词However，指出如今在美国不吃早餐的现象越来越普遍，C选项“大多数人认为早餐是一天中很重要的一餐”和后文的反常现象形成合理的转折反差，逻辑完全匹配。
4. 空后说明研究团队找到了一个重要原因，E选项“为什么早餐习惯和心脏问题有关联？”提出对应疑问，刚好引出后文对原因的具体解释，衔接自然。
5. 空前已经完整解释了早餐习惯影响心脏健康的原理，D选项“所以每个人都有必要了解早餐的重要性”是对全文内容的总结升华，作为文章收尾符合行文逻辑。
多余选项A“然而，他们说自己从来不吃早餐”在全文找不到适配的上下文逻辑，属于干扰项。
【答案】
1. B 2. F 3. C 4. E 5. D
【知识点】
阅读补全，语篇逻辑推理，上下文衔接
【点评】
本题是典型的初中英语六选五阅读题型，重点考察学生对语篇逻辑关系的把控能力，解题时可以通过转折词、因果关系、设问对应等明显逻辑线索快速匹配选项，不需要完全读懂所有细节也能完成作答，整体区分度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类阅读补全类题目，首先要先通读全文，明确本文核心是介绍一项关于早餐习惯和心脏健康关联的研究，之后逐空结合前后文的逻辑线索推导：
1. 先看第1空，前文提到科学家对6000名无心脏病的受访者开展长期调研，后文直接给出了不同人群吃早餐的频率占比，说明中间缺的是调研环节的相关内容，对应能引出频率统计的选项。
2. 第2空后面紧接着给出了不吃早餐人群患心脏病概率更高的具体数据，这里缺的是调研得出的核心结论，用来引出后续的具体数据支撑。
3. 第3空后面有明显的转折词However，转折后说现在不吃早餐的现象越来越普遍，说明空缺内容要和后文的反常现象形成反差，对应大众对早餐的普遍认知。
4. 第4空后面明确提到团队找到了相关的重要原因，说明空缺处是提出对应疑问，引出后文的原因解释。
5. 第5空位于全文末尾，前文已经完整讲完研究结论和背后原理，空缺处需要是对全文的总结收尾内容。最后验证剩下的多余选项没有适配的上下文位置，即可确定答案。
【解析】
我们可以根据上下文的逻辑衔接逐一判断每个空的答案：
1. 空前说明科学家对6000名无心脏病史的40岁以上人群开展了长达18年的调研，空后罗列了不同人群吃早餐的频率占比，B选项“他们需要回答自己吃早餐的频率”承接调研环节，自然引出后续的统计数据，逻辑通顺。
2. 空后给出了不吃早餐的人患心脏病概率高出87%的具体数据，F选项“该研究团队发现早餐习惯和心脏问题存在关联”是调研得出的核心结论，承上启下，衔接前文调研过程和后文的具体结论数据。
3. 空后出现转折词However，指出如今在美国不吃早餐的现象越来越普遍，C选项“大多数人认为早餐是一天中很重要的一餐”和后文的反常现象形成合理的转折反差，逻辑完全匹配。
4. 空后说明研究团队找到了一个重要原因，E选项“为什么早餐习惯和心脏问题有关联？”提出对应疑问，刚好引出后文对原因的具体解释，衔接自然。
5. 空前已经完整解释了早餐习惯影响心脏健康的原理，D选项“所以每个人都有必要了解早餐的重要性”是对全文内容的总结升华，作为文章收尾符合行文逻辑。
多余选项A“然而，他们说自己从来不吃早餐”在全文找不到适配的上下文逻辑，属于干扰项。
【答案】
1. B 2. F 3. C 4. E 5. D
【知识点】
阅读补全，语篇逻辑推理，上下文衔接
【点评】
本题是典型的初中英语六选五阅读题型，重点考察学生对语篇逻辑关系的把控能力，解题时可以通过转折词、因果关系、设问对应等明显逻辑线索快速匹配选项，不需要完全读懂所有细节也能完成作答，整体区分度适中。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、阅读短文并回答问题。
Mike's father, Mr Lee, is a farmer. He lives on the farm. He is happy to see his son move to a new flat in the city. One day, Mr Lee comes to visit his son with a big orange pumpkin, about 10 kg. He grows it all by himself. “I'll let my son share it with his neighbours. Everyone likes pumpkins. Then Mike and his neighbours will become good friends,” Mr Lee thinks.
At noon, Mr Lee gets to the community centre. The building is so tall. There are twenty floors. Mike lives on the sixteenth floor. But he is not at home. Mr Lee thinks, “I'll give the pumpkin to Mike's neighbours. They will be glad to see the gift. ” And he does it. But to his surprise, the neighbour on the left says coldly, “Thank you, but I don't like it at all. ” The woman on the right says nothing and closes the door quickly. The old man feels sad. At last, he goes to the market, sells it and goes back home. “Are they really neighbours?” he says to himself. He doesn't know why.
1. Where does Mr Lee live?
2. Who grows the big pumpkin?
3. What does Mr Lee want Mike to do with the pumpkin?
4. What does Mr Lee do with(处理)the pumpkin at last?
5. What does Mr Lee think about his son's two neighbours according to the passage?
Mike's father, Mr Lee, is a farmer. He lives on the farm. He is happy to see his son move to a new flat in the city. One day, Mr Lee comes to visit his son with a big orange pumpkin, about 10 kg. He grows it all by himself. “I'll let my son share it with his neighbours. Everyone likes pumpkins. Then Mike and his neighbours will become good friends,” Mr Lee thinks.
At noon, Mr Lee gets to the community centre. The building is so tall. There are twenty floors. Mike lives on the sixteenth floor. But he is not at home. Mr Lee thinks, “I'll give the pumpkin to Mike's neighbours. They will be glad to see the gift. ” And he does it. But to his surprise, the neighbour on the left says coldly, “Thank you, but I don't like it at all. ” The woman on the right says nothing and closes the door quickly. The old man feels sad. At last, he goes to the market, sells it and goes back home. “Are they really neighbours?” he says to himself. He doesn't know why.
1. Where does Mr Lee live?
2. Who grows the big pumpkin?
3. What does Mr Lee want Mike to do with the pumpkin?
4. What does Mr Lee do with(处理)the pumpkin at last?
5. What does Mr Lee think about his son's two neighbours according to the passage?
答案
【解析】：本题为细节理解类阅读问答题，所有题目均可通过定位原文对应内容得出答案：
1. 定位原文第一段第二句"He lives on the farm."可直接得到Mr Lee的居住地点；
2. 定位原文第一段"Mr Lee comes to visit his son with a big orange pumpkin, about 10 kg. He grows it all by himself."可直接找到南瓜的种植者；
3. 定位原文第一段Mr Lee的心理活动"I'll let my son share it with his neighbours. Everyone likes pumpkins. Then Mike and his neighbours will become good friends"可得到他希望Mike对南瓜做出的安排；
4. 定位原文第二段内容"At last, he goes to the market, sells it and goes back home."可直接得到南瓜的最终处理方式；
5. 结合两位邻居冷漠的反应，以及原文末尾Mr Lee的内心疑问"Are they really neighbours?"可推知他对两位邻居的看法。
【答案】：
1. He lives on the farm.
2. Mr Lee (Mike's father) grows the big pumpkin all by himself.
3. He wants Mike to share the pumpkin with his neighbours and become good friends with them.
4. He takes the pumpkin to the market, sells it and then goes back home.
5. He thinks the two neighbours are very unfriendly, and he even doubts if they are real good neighbours.
1. 定位原文第一段第二句"He lives on the farm."可直接得到Mr Lee的居住地点；
2. 定位原文第一段"Mr Lee comes to visit his son with a big orange pumpkin, about 10 kg. He grows it all by himself."可直接找到南瓜的种植者；
3. 定位原文第一段Mr Lee的心理活动"I'll let my son share it with his neighbours. Everyone likes pumpkins. Then Mike and his neighbours will become good friends"可得到他希望Mike对南瓜做出的安排；
4. 定位原文第二段内容"At last, he goes to the market, sells it and goes back home."可直接得到南瓜的最终处理方式；
5. 结合两位邻居冷漠的反应，以及原文末尾Mr Lee的内心疑问"Are they really neighbours?"可推知他对两位邻居的看法。
【答案】：
1. He lives on the farm.
2. Mr Lee (Mike's father) grows the big pumpkin all by himself.
3. He wants Mike to share the pumpkin with his neighbours and become good friends with them.
4. He takes the pumpkin to the market, sells it and then goes back home.
5. He thinks the two neighbours are very unfriendly, and he even doubts if they are real good neighbours.
解析
【分析】
这是一篇英语记叙文类阅读问答题，整体以细节理解考点为主，少量涉及简单推理。解题时可以先通读所有题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位相关语句：比如第一题抓关键词“Where、live”找居住地点相关表述，第二题抓“Who、grows the big pumpkin”定位南瓜种植者的描述，第三题抓“want Mike to do with the pumpkin”定位Mr Lee的想法内容，第四题抓“at last、do with the pumpkin”找南瓜最终处理方式，第五题结合邻居的行为和文末Mr Lee的心理活动推导他对邻居的看法，大部分答案可以直接从原文提取，少量整合信息即可完成作答。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第二句"He lives on the farm."，可直接得到Mr Lee的居住地点。
2. 定位原文第一段中“Mr Lee comes to visit his son with a big orange pumpkin, about 10 kg. He grows it all by himself.”，句中的He指代前文的Mr Lee（也就是Mike的父亲），由此可明确南瓜的种植者。
3. 定位原文第一段Mr Lee的心理活动描述"I'll let my son share it with his neighbours. Everyone likes pumpkins. Then Mike and his neighbours will become good friends"，整理内容即可得到他希望Mike对南瓜做出的安排。
4. 定位原文第二段中“At last, he goes to the market, sells it and goes back home.”的内容，直接提取南瓜的最终处理方式即可。
5. 结合文中两位邻居一个冷淡拒绝南瓜、一个直接关门的冷漠反应，再结合原文末尾Mr Lee的内心疑问"Are they really neighbours?"，整合信息即可推导出他对两位邻居的看法。
【答案】
1. He lives on the farm.
2. Mr Lee (Mike's father) grows the big pumpkin all by himself.
3. He wants Mike to share the pumpkin with his neighbours and become good friends with them.
4. He takes the pumpkin to the market, sells it and then goes back home.
5. He thinks the two neighbours are very unfriendly, and he even doubts if they are real good neighbours.
【知识点】
英语阅读细节定位，文本信息提取，阅读推理判断
【点评】
本题是小学中高年级常见的英语阅读题型，绝大多数题目都可以直接在原文中找到对应内容作答，仅最后一题需要结合文本做简单的语义整合与推断，整体侧重考察学生的文本信息定位能力，做题时注意梳理清楚文中人称指代关系，不要遗漏题干要求的关键信息即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇英语记叙文类阅读问答题，整体以细节理解考点为主，少量涉及简单推理。解题时可以先通读所有题干，标记每道题的核心关键词，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位相关语句：比如第一题抓关键词“Where、live”找居住地点相关表述，第二题抓“Who、grows the big pumpkin”定位南瓜种植者的描述，第三题抓“want Mike to do with the pumpkin”定位Mr Lee的想法内容，第四题抓“at last、do with the pumpkin”找南瓜最终处理方式，第五题结合邻居的行为和文末Mr Lee的心理活动推导他对邻居的看法，大部分答案可以直接从原文提取，少量整合信息即可完成作答。
【解析】
1. 定位原文第一段第二句"He lives on the farm."，可直接得到Mr Lee的居住地点。
2. 定位原文第一段中“Mr Lee comes to visit his son with a big orange pumpkin, about 10 kg. He grows it all by himself.”，句中的He指代前文的Mr Lee（也就是Mike的父亲），由此可明确南瓜的种植者。
3. 定位原文第一段Mr Lee的心理活动描述"I'll let my son share it with his neighbours. Everyone likes pumpkins. Then Mike and his neighbours will become good friends"，整理内容即可得到他希望Mike对南瓜做出的安排。
4. 定位原文第二段中“At last, he goes to the market, sells it and goes back home.”的内容，直接提取南瓜的最终处理方式即可。
5. 结合文中两位邻居一个冷淡拒绝南瓜、一个直接关门的冷漠反应，再结合原文末尾Mr Lee的内心疑问"Are they really neighbours?"，整合信息即可推导出他对两位邻居的看法。
【答案】
1. He lives on the farm.
2. Mr Lee (Mike's father) grows the big pumpkin all by himself.
3. He wants Mike to share the pumpkin with his neighbours and become good friends with them.
4. He takes the pumpkin to the market, sells it and then goes back home.
5. He thinks the two neighbours are very unfriendly, and he even doubts if they are real good neighbours.
【知识点】
英语阅读细节定位，文本信息提取，阅读推理判断
【点评】
本题是小学中高年级常见的英语阅读题型，绝大多数题目都可以直接在原文中找到对应内容作答，仅最后一题需要结合文本做简单的语义整合与推断，整体侧重考察学生的文本信息定位能力，做题时注意梳理清楚文中人称指代关系，不要遗漏题干要求的关键信息即可轻松得分。
【难度系数】
0.7
