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E(2024·江苏徐州邳州二模)
Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person's feelings: It helps us communicate without saying much at all.
Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one's anger, shock, or excitement. The wide eyes with a half-opened mouth mean surprise. Also, some other body movements can express the same meanings in different cultures. For example, being back in one's seat and yawning at a talk show people are not interested, and looking at the watch from time to time in a conversation means people have something to do in a hurry.
However, not all body language can show the same meanings in different cultures. What holds true for Indians may not be the same in Africa. First of all, in some cultures, people respect and encourage the direct eye contact. In English, there is a saying, "Don't trust anyone who won't look at you in the eye." In many countries, direct eye contact between two people is considered important. According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and even can be trusted. While many cultures believe that direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of disrespect.
The OK sign, which is commonly used in many cultures, also has different meanings across the cultures. It means agreement in North American culture. But to French, it means "zero" or "valueless", not "fine" or "OK". Touching is another example. At times, saying hello could turn into a disaster if one does not consider the use of touch in another culture. A general and accepted way of saying "Hello" in Western culture is a simple handshake. A great deal of importance has been placed on how one should shake hands.
So, the next time you decide to travel to another country, besides looking up places to visit, a quick search or a book can also guide you on how to use proper body language to better communicate with the local people, and avoid being impolite to them during your stay!
(
A. A silent film.
B. The mirror.
C. Body language.
D. A person's feeling.
(
A. Turning red-faced.
B. Direct eye contact.
C. The OK sign.
D. A simple handshake.
(
A.
B.
C.
D.
(
A. Body Language Is More Important
B. Body Language Helps You Go Travelling
C. Body Language Changes Among Cultures
D. Body Language Influences Communication
Have you ever watched a silent film and tried to guess what the characters were saying? Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person's feelings: It helps us communicate without saying much at all.
Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one's anger, shock, or excitement. The wide eyes with a half-opened mouth mean surprise. Also, some other body movements can express the same meanings in different cultures. For example, being back in one's seat and yawning at a talk show people are not interested, and looking at the watch from time to time in a conversation means people have something to do in a hurry.
However, not all body language can show the same meanings in different cultures. What holds true for Indians may not be the same in Africa. First of all, in some cultures, people respect and encourage the direct eye contact. In English, there is a saying, "Don't trust anyone who won't look at you in the eye." In many countries, direct eye contact between two people is considered important. According to most Western cultures, if a person looks directly at you, it is a sign that the person is honest and sincere and even can be trusted. While many cultures believe that direct eye contact from a child to an adult is an act of disrespect.
The OK sign, which is commonly used in many cultures, also has different meanings across the cultures. It means agreement in North American culture. But to French, it means "zero" or "valueless", not "fine" or "OK". Touching is another example. At times, saying hello could turn into a disaster if one does not consider the use of touch in another culture. A general and accepted way of saying "Hello" in Western culture is a simple handshake. A great deal of importance has been placed on how one should shake hands.
So, the next time you decide to travel to another country, besides looking up places to visit, a quick search or a book can also guide you on how to use proper body language to better communicate with the local people, and avoid being impolite to them during your stay!
(
C
)1. What does the underlined word "It" in Paragraph 1 mean?A. A silent film.
B. The mirror.
C. Body language.
D. A person's feeling.
(
A
)2. According to the passage, which one has the similar meaning from culture to culture?A. Turning red-faced.
B. Direct eye contact.
C. The OK sign.
D. A simple handshake.
(
A
)3. 新考法 Which picture shows the structure(结构) of the passage?A.
B.
C.
D.
(
D
)4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Body Language Is More Important
B. Body Language Helps You Go Travelling
C. Body Language Changes Among Cultures
D. Body Language Influences Communication
答案
1. C 【点拨】根据“Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person's feelings: It helps us communicate without saying much at all.”可知，肢体语言，就像面部表情一样，是一个人感情的镜子：它帮助我们不用说太多就能沟通。可见此处的“It”指代的应是肢体语言。故选C。
2. A 【点拨】根据“Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one's anger, shock, or excitement.”可知，有时我们在文化与文化之间可以分享相同的感觉。脸红表示一个人的愤怒、震惊或兴奋。可见脸红在不同的文化中有着相同的含义。故选A。
3. A 【点拨】通读全文可知，第一段讲述了肢体语言的功能；第二段介绍了一些肢体动作在不同的文化中也可以表达相同的含义；第三、四段讲述了不同肢体语言在不同国家的具体应用；最后一段叮嘱我们出国旅游前多学习有关肢体语言方面的知识。故选A。
4. D 【点拨】通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了肢体语言对交流的影响。故选D。
2. A 【点拨】根据“Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one's anger, shock, or excitement.”可知，有时我们在文化与文化之间可以分享相同的感觉。脸红表示一个人的愤怒、震惊或兴奋。可见脸红在不同的文化中有着相同的含义。故选A。
3. A 【点拨】通读全文可知，第一段讲述了肢体语言的功能；第二段介绍了一些肢体动作在不同的文化中也可以表达相同的含义；第三、四段讲述了不同肢体语言在不同国家的具体应用；最后一段叮嘱我们出国旅游前多学习有关肢体语言方面的知识。故选A。
4. D 【点拨】通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了肢体语言对交流的影响。故选D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕肢体语言展开的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 代词指代题：定位划线词It所在的第一段句子，往前寻找距离最近的核心描述对象，前半句刚点明肢体语言是人类情感的镜子，紧接着表述它能帮助我们无需多言就完成沟通，逻辑完全对应，即可锁定指代对象。
2. 细节理解题：题干要求找出跨文化含义相近的肢体动作，直接定位第二段开头“不同文化间存在共通认知”的对应内容，就能快速匹配到脸红的相关描述，其余三个选项后文都明确提到不同文化下含义存在差异，直接排除即可。
3. 篇章结构题：先逐段梳理全文逻辑：第1段总起，引入肢体语言的作用；第2段是第一个分论点，介绍部分肢体语言在不同文化中含义共通；第3、4段是第二个并列分论点，举例说明很多肢体语言在不同文化中含义不同；最后第5段总结，给出出国旅行时合理使用肢体语言的建议，对照四个结构图就能选出匹配的选项。
4. 主旨大意题：通读全文可知，文章既介绍了共通肢体语言助力交流，也介绍了不同文化下肢体语言的差异会影响交流效果，核心围绕肢体语言对交流的影响展开，排除片面干扰项即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 根据第一段划线词前的句子“Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person's feelings: It helps us communicate without saying much at all.”，可知此处It指代前文的核心主体肢体语言，选C。
2. 根据第二段“Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one's anger, shock, or excitement.”，可知脸红在不同文化中含义共通；眼神接触、OK手势、握手相关的肢体动作后文都明确提到不同文化下存在认知差异，选A。
3. 全文行文逻辑为：第1段总述肢体语言的基本属性与作用；第2段分述部分肢体语言跨文化含义共通；第3、4段并列分述不同文化下肢体语言存在诸多含义差异；第5段总结，给出跨文化出行时合理使用肢体语言的建议，该逻辑完全匹配图A的结构，选A。
4. 全文围绕肢体语言和交流的关系展开，既介绍了肢体语言对交流的正向助力，也点明了文化差异下误用肢体语言会阻碍交流，核心主题是肢体语言影响交流，其余选项均为片面表述，选D。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解代词指代，阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解篇章结构
【点评】
本题属于中考难度的说明文阅读，考点覆盖全面，新增的篇章结构类新考法跳出了常规细节考查的框架，要求学生跳出逐句读文的惯性，主动梳理全文的行文逻辑脉络，既考察学生的细节信息提取能力，也锻炼学生的整体文本把控能力，同时也能引导学生了解跨文化交际的相关常识。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇围绕肢体语言展开的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按题型逐个突破：
1. 代词指代题：定位划线词It所在的第一段句子，往前寻找距离最近的核心描述对象，前半句刚点明肢体语言是人类情感的镜子，紧接着表述它能帮助我们无需多言就完成沟通，逻辑完全对应，即可锁定指代对象。
2. 细节理解题：题干要求找出跨文化含义相近的肢体动作，直接定位第二段开头“不同文化间存在共通认知”的对应内容，就能快速匹配到脸红的相关描述，其余三个选项后文都明确提到不同文化下含义存在差异，直接排除即可。
3. 篇章结构题：先逐段梳理全文逻辑：第1段总起，引入肢体语言的作用；第2段是第一个分论点，介绍部分肢体语言在不同文化中含义共通；第3、4段是第二个并列分论点，举例说明很多肢体语言在不同文化中含义不同；最后第5段总结，给出出国旅行时合理使用肢体语言的建议，对照四个结构图就能选出匹配的选项。
4. 主旨大意题：通读全文可知，文章既介绍了共通肢体语言助力交流，也介绍了不同文化下肢体语言的差异会影响交流效果，核心围绕肢体语言对交流的影响展开，排除片面干扰项即可得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 根据第一段划线词前的句子“Body language, like facial expressions, is the mirror of a person's feelings: It helps us communicate without saying much at all.”，可知此处It指代前文的核心主体肢体语言，选C。
2. 根据第二段“Sometimes we can share the common sense from culture to culture. Turning red-faced shows one's anger, shock, or excitement.”，可知脸红在不同文化中含义共通；眼神接触、OK手势、握手相关的肢体动作后文都明确提到不同文化下存在认知差异，选A。
3. 全文行文逻辑为：第1段总述肢体语言的基本属性与作用；第2段分述部分肢体语言跨文化含义共通；第3、4段并列分述不同文化下肢体语言存在诸多含义差异；第5段总结，给出跨文化出行时合理使用肢体语言的建议，该逻辑完全匹配图A的结构，选A。
4. 全文围绕肢体语言和交流的关系展开，既介绍了肢体语言对交流的正向助力，也点明了文化差异下误用肢体语言会阻碍交流，核心主题是肢体语言影响交流，其余选项均为片面表述，选D。
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D
【知识点】
阅读理解代词指代，阅读理解细节查找，阅读理解篇章结构
【点评】
本题属于中考难度的说明文阅读，考点覆盖全面，新增的篇章结构类新考法跳出了常规细节考查的框架，要求学生跳出逐句读文的惯性，主动梳理全文的行文逻辑脉络，既考察学生的细节信息提取能力，也锻炼学生的整体文本把控能力，同时也能引导学生了解跨文化交际的相关常识。
【难度系数】
0.6
