3. be about to do ... when ...
【感知】
» Allen was about to do so when he stopped
short.(教材第16页)
艾伦正要接水却猛地停住。
» I was about to leave the house when the
phone rang. 我正要出门时电话响了。
【探究】
be about to do ... when ... 表示"正要做某事
时,突然……"。when 在此句型中相当于
and at that moment,强调动作的突发性。
【应用】
①合并为一句话:She was going to close the
window. It began to rain.
→She close
the window it began to rain.
②翻译句子:他正要睡觉时,突然听到一声
巨响。

[应用]①was about to; when
②He was about to sleep when he heard a
loud noise.

4. harm
【感知】
» What should we do to keep ourselves safe
from harm?(教材第17页)
我们该怎么做才能远离伤害?
» Smoking does great harm to your health.
吸烟严重危害健康。
» Don't harm the plants. 不要伤害这些植物。
【探究】
(1)harm 作不可数名词,意为"伤害;损害"。
①keep ... safe from harm 保护……免受
伤害
② 对……有害
(2)harm 也可作动词,意为"伤害;损害"。
(3)其形容词形式是 harmful,意为"有害
的",其反义词是 harmless,意为"无害的"。
be harmful to 对……有害
【应用】
①完成句子:我们应该远离对我们有害的
东西。
We should stay away from the things that
us.
②用所给单词的适当形式填空:(辽宁盘锦
中考)As we all know, smoking is
(harm) to our health.

[探究](1)②do harm to ...
[应用]①do harm to/are harmful to
②harmful

5. shock
【感知】
» She was suffering from shock and her arm
was bleeding.(教材第18页)
她正处于休克状态,手臂还流着血。
» The news of his death shocked everyone.
他的死讯震惊了所有人。
» I was shocked at the news.
听到这个消息我很震惊。
【探究】
(1)shock n. 震惊;令人震惊的事
be in for a shock 大吃一惊
(2)shock v. 使震惊;使惊愕
(3)shocked adj. 感到震惊的
对某事感到震惊
(4)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
【应用】
用所给单词的适当形式填空
①He was (shock) when he heard
the news.
②The accident was (shock) to
everyone.

[探究](3)be shocked at sth
[应用]①shocked ②shocking