一、阅读理解。
阅读下面四篇语言材料，然后按文后要求做题。
A
How much sugar can we have a day?

How much sugar is there in food and drinks?

Sugar Control
Now, sugar control is important. Too much sugar intake may lead to many kinds of health problems like diabetes(糖尿病). By cutting down sugar consumption(消耗), we can improve our health. It's not just about not eating sweets but also about being careful of sugars in processed(加工过的) food. Let's care about our health and eat less sugar.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()1. How much sugar can a child have a day?
A. 8g.
B. 12g.
C. 24g.
D. 36g.
()2. Which of the following drinks of 200mL has the least sugar?
A. Milk.
B. Cola.
C. Sports drink.
D. Grape juice.
()3. If Mr. Liu wants to lose weight, which food should he eat less?

()4. Lingling ordered two pieces of chocolate and a glass of orange juice, how much sugar did her take?
A. About 21g.
B. About 52g.
C. About 73g.
D. About 93g.
()5. Where is the text probably from?
A. A shopping website.
B. A school newspaper.
C. An ad.
D. A book about health.

1. B 由“kids：12g of sugar”可知，一个儿童每天可摄入的糖为12g。
2. A 由牛奶、可乐、运动饮料和葡萄汁右边的信息比较可知，200mL牛奶含糖量为10.1g，是四种饮料中含糖量最少的饮料。
3. C
4. C 由材料内容可知，两块巧克力的含糖量为52g，一杯橙汁的含糖量为21.4g，含糖量共73.4g。
5. D 通读材料可知，本篇材料是一则关于健康的科普内容，故材料可能来自关于健康的书本中。

【分析】本题为健康主题的英语阅读理解题，解题思路是：针对细节理解题，需快速定位原文对应信息（如第1题找儿童每日糖摄入量、第2题比较200ml四种饮料含糖量、第4题计算食物含糖量总和）；针对推理判断题（第5题），需通读全文判断文章出处；第3题结合健康常识（减重需减少高糖食物）及选项判断。
【解析】1. 原文明确提到儿童每日可摄入12g糖，对应选项B；2. 对比200mL四种饮料的含糖量，牛奶（10.1g）为四种中最少，选A；3. 减重需减少高糖食物，对应选项C；4. 两块巧克力含糖52g，一杯橙汁含糖21.4g，总和约73g，选C；5. 文章为健康科普内容，最可能来自健康相关书籍，选D。
【答案】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.D
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节查找、推理判断
【点评】本题围绕健康饮食主题，考查学生快速定位原文细节、计算数据及判断文章出处的能力，题型常规，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.7

B
As we all know, it is important for us to do exercise. However, many of us don't always want to do it. Why? Because we are too busy or too lazy. But exercise brings us a lot of benefits.
For one thing, exercise is good for our body. When we exercise, our body changes. Exercise helps build a strong body. We consume(消耗) energy during exercise. This helps to keep our weight down. Being overweight can be stressful to our back and knees, and they may get hurt after sitting or walking for a long time. We feel more tired in daily life because of being overweight and sometimes it can even cause some more serious problems such as heart disease (心脏病).
For another, exercise also brings great changes to our brain. When we exercise, our heart beats faster and we breathe harder. Our brain can get more oxygen, and that helps improve our memory. This helps us to learn and think better. So, when you have trouble doing your homework, get up from your seat and do some exercise, and then try again!
Last but not least, exercise helps us be happier. Our brain makes special chemicals—dopamine(多巴胺) and endorphins(内啡肽) after exercising for a while. These chemicals can relax our body and calm our mind. Being fit can also make us feel better and more confident about ourselves. We can also make new friends when we play sports with others.
Remember: Health is wealth (财富). Exercise makes us better.
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
()6. Why don't many people always want to do exercise?
A. Because they can't find good places to exercise.
B. Because they don't have money to spend on exercise.
C. Because they don't have time to exercise.
D. Because they are healthy and don't need to exercise.
()7. What does the underlined word "stressful" mean in Chinese?
A. 悲观的 B. 有压力的
C. 重要的 D. 有益处的
()8. Why does exercise help improve our memory according to Paragraph 3?
A. Because our brain gets more oxygen.
B. Because we breathe less.
C. Because our heart beats slower.
D. Because we get up from our seats.
()9. How does the writer support the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A. By giving an example.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an explanation.
()10. What is the best title for the text?
A. How to Exercise Well
B. How to Keep Healthy
C. Healthy Body, Healthy Mind
D. How to Be Happy

6. C 由第一段第四句可知，很多人不经常锻炼的原因是太忙。
7. B 由第二段第六句可知，太胖会给背部和膝盖造成压力，故推测stressful意为“有压力的”。
8. A 由第三段第二句和第三句可知，运动的时候我们心跳更快，呼吸得更加用力，大脑摄入的氧气更多，这有助于增强我们的记忆力。
9. D 通读第四段可知，第一句为本段主旨句：运动让我们更快乐。本段后面内容都在解释运动让我们更快乐的原因。
10. C 通读全文可知，文章介绍了运动带给我们的好处，包括身体和心灵两大方面。由此判断C项最符合文章主旨，可作为文章标题。

【分析】
解答本题需先通读全文把握文章主旨，再针对各小题的问题，回到原文定位对应信息：第6题找人们不愿锻炼的原因，第7题结合上下文推测划线词词义，第8题找运动改善记忆力的原因，第9题分析第四段的论证方式，第10题总结全文选最佳标题，通过逐一比对选项与原文，排除错误答案得出正确选项。
【解析】
6. 细节理解题：根据第一段第四句“Because we are too busy or too lazy.”可知，很多人不经常锻炼是因为太忙，对应选项C。
7. 词义猜测题：划线词所在句意为“超重会对我们的背部和膝盖造成压力，长时间坐或走后可能受伤”，结合语境推测stressful意为“有压力的”，选B。
8. 细节理解题：根据第三段第二、三句可知，运动时心跳更快、呼吸更用力，大脑获得更多氧气，这有助于改善记忆力，对应选项A。
9. 论证方法题：第四段主旨为“运动让我们更快乐”，后文通过解释运动后大脑产生多巴胺和内啡肽等化学物质、能提升自信、可交朋友等内容支撑主旨，属于解释说明，选D。
10. 主旨大意题：全文介绍运动对身体、大脑、情绪的益处，涵盖健康的身体与心灵两方面，C项最贴合主旨，选C。
【答案】
6.C 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本文围绕运动的益处展开，考查学生的细节定位、词义推测、论证分析及主旨把握能力，题型为初中英语常见阅读题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6