例题1:(嘉兴中考)He says, "Quitting(放弃) is never a matter of black and white." He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more.
3. By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that .

A.it's not good to stick at things we don't like
B.we should think twice before quitting an activity
C.we don't have to take exams to show our true abilities
D.it's wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one
解析:B 根据下文"He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more."可知他建议仔细思考为什么不再喜欢某件事,即建议人们三思而后行。画线处与下文是解释关系。

B

【分析】本题为英语阅读理解的句意理解题，解题思路如下：1. 先理解划线句子的字面含义，明确其核心意思；2. 结合上下文语境（下文的提示内容）分析句子的深层含义；3. 逐一分析选项，排除与文意不符的选项，确定正确答案。
【解析】划线句“Quitting is never a matter of black and white”意为“放弃绝非简单的非黑即白”，结合下文“He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more”（他建议仔细思考为什么不再喜欢某件事），可知该句的含义是：在放弃之前要慎重考虑，即三思而后行。A选项“坚持不喜欢的事不好”与文意不符；C选项“无需通过考试证明真实能力”原文未提及；D选项“培养新爱好比坚持旧爱好更明智”原文未涉及；B选项“我们应该在放弃一项活动前三思”符合文意，故选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、句意理解
【点评】本题考查对英语句子含义的理解及上下文逻辑的把握，需结合语境分析，难度适中，属于中考常见题型。
【难度系数】0.7

训练1：（湖州中考）These changes will bring great harm to the planet. However, they can be beneficial to some people. For example, as the Arctic is getting warmer, some people in Greenland now own businesses and sell vegetables they grow on their land.
3. The underlined word "beneficial" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to "".

A.harmful
B.normal
C.helpful
D.uncomfortable

3. C 根据上文“These changes will bring great harm to the planet.”和表示转折的“However”可知这些变化会带来危害,同时也会带来帮助;下文“For example ...”用具体的例子解释了变化带来的帮助。此处 beneficial 相当于 helpful。

【分析】这是一道英语阅读理解中的词义猜测题，解题思路为：先定位划线词所在语句，再结合上下文的逻辑关系（尤其是转折词）以及后文的举例内容，推断划线词的含义。原文中划线词前有转折词However，前文提到变化会带来危害，转折后应表达相反的意思，后文的例子也进一步佐证了变化带来的帮助，以此可推导划线词的词义。
【解析】根据原文，划线词“beneficial”所在句前有转折词“However”，前文“These changes will bring great harm to the planet”说明变化有危害，转折后应表示相反的含义，即“有益的”；后文举例说明北极变暖后，格陵兰人开展业务、售卖种植的蔬菜，体现了变化带来的帮助。选项中A为“有害的”，B为“正常的”，C为“有帮助的”，D为“不舒服的”，因此“beneficial”与“helpful”意思最接近。
【答案】C
【知识点】英语阅读理解（词义猜测题）
【点评】本题通过上下文的转折逻辑和举例考查词义猜测，难度适中，学生可通过上下文关联轻松推断出词义。
【难度系数】0.7

例题2:(营口中考)When he felt tired during the race, he told himself not to give up. "In long distance running, the only opponent you have to beat is yourself," Xu added.
3. What does the underlined word "opponent" in Paragraph 5 mean?

A.Someone who always controls you.
B.Someone who never refuses you.
C.Someone who competes against you.
D.Someone who often cheers you on.
解析:C 根据下文"you have to beat"可知要打败的是对手。"you have to beat"是"opponent"的定语。

C

【分析】这是一道英语词义猜测题，解题思路是结合划线词所在句子的上下文语境寻找提示信息，通过关键修饰语推断划线词含义，再匹配选项得出答案。
【解析】根据划线词所在句的语境，“you have to beat（你必须打败的）”是修饰划线词的关键提示，结合长距离跑步的场景，可推断“opponent”指需要与之竞争、对抗的人。分析选项：A选项是控制你的人，B选项是从不拒绝你的人，D选项是为你加油的人，均不符合；C选项“与你竞争的人”符合“对手”的含义，因此选C。
【答案】C
【知识点】词义猜测题、英语阅读理解
【点评】本题通过上下文语境即可轻松推断词义，属于英语阅读中的基础题型，考查学生对语境线索的把握能力。
【难度系数】0.7

训练2：（潍坊中考）Developed by US company OpenAI, ChatGPT has taken the Internet by storm, winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022.
1. Which can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1?

A.Succeeded greatly online.
B.Done harm to the Internet.
C.Brought strong wind and heavy rain.
D.Caused serious changes of the weather.

1. A 根据下文“winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022”可知 ChatGPT 自推出以来已经赢得了1亿用户,由此可知它在网络上获得了巨大的成功,与 A 项“Succeeded greatly online.”意思相同。下文是画线处的伴随状语。

【分析】首先需理解划线短语“taken the Internet by storm”的含义，结合下文“winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022”的语境，可判断该短语指ChatGPT在网络上大获成功；再逐一分析选项，匹配含义一致的选项即可。
【解析】划线短语“taken the Internet by storm”意为“在网络上迅速风靡、大获成功”。根据下文“winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022”可知，ChatGPT推出后赢得大量用户，说明其在网络上取得巨大成功。选项A“Succeeded greatly online”（在网上取得巨大成功）与划线短语含义一致；选项B“Done harm to the Internet”（对网络有害）、选项C“Brought strong wind and heavy rain”（带来强风暴雨）、选项D“Caused serious changes of the weather”（引起天气的严重变化）均不符合语境，故答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】词义猜测、短语辨析
【点评】本题考查英语语境中短语的词义理解，需结合上下文线索分析划线短语的含义，再通过比对选项得出正确答案，是中考常见题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6