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B
①From different TV dramas or books, we can often hear titles like quanzi, taoli and kaimo. In fact, they are part of Chinese history and culture.
② In China, it's a modest way for Chinese parents to introduce their sons by calling quanzi while they use linglang to show respect for others'. Although their children are successful, they don't usually talk about this in public. Instead, they try to play it down. This is similar to hanshe that Chinese people may call their big houses.
③There is another Chinese expression taoli mantianxia, which means a teacher has lots of students across the country, like trees full of peaches and plums桃和李. It comes from a story about Zizhi. As a teacher and minister, Zizhi was kind and strict. He often pointed at the peach and plum trees in his yard to ask his students to work hard. "You should try to be a successful person in your fields, just as the peach and plum trees," he said. Keeping these words in mind, many of his students did as he said and made it.
④In Chinese, kaimo means "role model". Both words have a "木" on their left side. People believe that kai and mo might be two kinds of trees in ancient China. It was said that there were many kai trees growing near Confucius' tomb孔子墓. These trees were so straight that they made people think of Confucius' quality—straight and honest. The mo trees were said to grow near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou. The straightness and the leaves' pure colour of trees were like his wonderful quality. Since kai and mo trees grew near the tombs of two great people, kaimo was then used to stand for role models.
31. According to Paragraph 2, Chinese play it down by
A. inviting friends to visit their hanshe
B. calling others' sons linglang
C. wanting their children to be successful
D. calling their own sons quanzi
32. Taoli is used to refer to
A. peach and plum trees
B. hard-working teachers
C. flowers and fruit of trees
D. successful students in their fields
33. What do kai and mo trees have in common from the last paragraph?
A. They are both straight.
B. They have pure leaves.
C. They are planted in the same place.
D. Their names both have a "木" on the right side.
34. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. It tells us how to be a good teacher like Zizhi.
B. It shows us different ways Chinese people respect others.
C. It introduces some Chinese words about history and culture.
D. It explains why Chinese people like to plant trees near tombs.
35. Which is the RIGHT structure of this passage?
A. ①②/③④ B. ①/②③④ C. ①②③/④ D. ①/②③/④
①From different TV dramas or books, we can often hear titles like quanzi, taoli and kaimo. In fact, they are part of Chinese history and culture.
② In China, it's a modest way for Chinese parents to introduce their sons by calling quanzi while they use linglang to show respect for others'. Although their children are successful, they don't usually talk about this in public. Instead, they try to play it down. This is similar to hanshe that Chinese people may call their big houses.
③There is another Chinese expression taoli mantianxia, which means a teacher has lots of students across the country, like trees full of peaches and plums桃和李. It comes from a story about Zizhi. As a teacher and minister, Zizhi was kind and strict. He often pointed at the peach and plum trees in his yard to ask his students to work hard. "You should try to be a successful person in your fields, just as the peach and plum trees," he said. Keeping these words in mind, many of his students did as he said and made it.
④In Chinese, kaimo means "role model". Both words have a "木" on their left side. People believe that kai and mo might be two kinds of trees in ancient China. It was said that there were many kai trees growing near Confucius' tomb孔子墓. These trees were so straight that they made people think of Confucius' quality—straight and honest. The mo trees were said to grow near the tomb of the Duke of Zhou. The straightness and the leaves' pure colour of trees were like his wonderful quality. Since kai and mo trees grew near the tombs of two great people, kaimo was then used to stand for role models.
31. According to Paragraph 2, Chinese play it down by
D
.A. inviting friends to visit their hanshe
B. calling others' sons linglang
C. wanting their children to be successful
D. calling their own sons quanzi
32. Taoli is used to refer to
D
from Paragraph 3.A. peach and plum trees
B. hard-working teachers
C. flowers and fruit of trees
D. successful students in their fields
33. What do kai and mo trees have in common from the last paragraph?
A. They are both straight.
B. They have pure leaves.
C. They are planted in the same place.
D. Their names both have a "木" on the right side.
34. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. It tells us how to be a good teacher like Zizhi.
B. It shows us different ways Chinese people respect others.
C. It introduces some Chinese words about history and culture.
D. It explains why Chinese people like to plant trees near tombs.
35. Which is the RIGHT structure of this passage?
A. ①②/③④ B. ①/②③④ C. ①②③/④ D. ①/②③/④
答案
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了"犬子、桃李、楷模"等文化相关的中文词汇。
31. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中"In China, it's a modest way for Chinese parents to introduce their sons by calling quanzi while they use linglang to show respect for others! Although their children are successful, they don't usually talk about this in public. Instead, they try to play it down."可知,中国人通过称自己的儿子为"犬子"来表现低调谦虚。故选D。
32. D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段"There is another Chinese expression taoli mantianxia, ... many of his students did as he said and made it."可知,"桃李满天下"指老师培养的众多在各自领域成功的学生,"taoli"指代这些学生。故选D。
33. A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中"These trees were so straight that they made people think of Confucius' quality- straight and honest."以及"The straightness and the leaves' pure colour of trees were like his wonderful quality."可知,楷树和模树都具有笔直的特点。故选A。
34. C 主旨大意题。文章介绍了"quanzi(犬子)"体现中国人的谦虚,"kaimo(楷模)"与古代树木及伟人相关的文化含义等,整体是在介绍一些与历史文化相关的中文词汇。故选C。
35. B 篇章结构题。第一段总起,引出与文化相关的词汇;第二、三、四段分别介绍不同词汇,结构是①/②③④。故选B。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了"犬子、桃李、楷模"等文化相关的中文词汇。
31. D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中"In China, it's a modest way for Chinese parents to introduce their sons by calling quanzi while they use linglang to show respect for others! Although their children are successful, they don't usually talk about this in public. Instead, they try to play it down."可知,中国人通过称自己的儿子为"犬子"来表现低调谦虚。故选D。
32. D 推理判断题。根据文章第三段"There is another Chinese expression taoli mantianxia, ... many of his students did as he said and made it."可知,"桃李满天下"指老师培养的众多在各自领域成功的学生,"taoli"指代这些学生。故选D。
33. A 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中"These trees were so straight that they made people think of Confucius' quality- straight and honest."以及"The straightness and the leaves' pure colour of trees were like his wonderful quality."可知,楷树和模树都具有笔直的特点。故选A。
34. C 主旨大意题。文章介绍了"quanzi(犬子)"体现中国人的谦虚,"kaimo(楷模)"与古代树木及伟人相关的文化含义等,整体是在介绍一些与历史文化相关的中文词汇。故选C。
35. B 篇章结构题。第一段总起,引出与文化相关的词汇;第二、三、四段分别介绍不同词汇,结构是①/②③④。故选B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国特色历史文化词汇的说明文阅读，解题时可按照“先读题干划定位词→回原文对应段落找依据→逐一排除干扰选项”的思路推进：
1. 做细节类题目时，直接根据题干给出的段落提示，锁定对应语句，匹配选项即可；
2. 推理类题目要结合段落整体逻辑，判断指代对象的真实含义；
3. 主旨题需要结合首段总起内容和各分述段落的核心共同归纳；
4. 篇章结构题要判断段落之间的逻辑关系，区分总起段和分述段。
【解析】
31. 细节理解题：根据第二段内容“在中国，中国父母称呼自己的儿子为‘犬子’是一种谦虚的介绍方式，称呼别人的儿子用‘令郎’表尊重，即便孩子很成功，他们也不会当众宣扬，反而会低调处理”，可知中国人低调的方式是称呼自己的儿子为犬子。A选项邀请朋友去寒舍、B选项称呼别人儿子为令郎、C选项希望孩子成功都不是对应“play it down”的行为，排除ABC，选D。
32. 推理判断题：根据第三段内容“‘桃李满天下’指老师在全国各地有很多学生，子质教导学生要像桃李树一样在各自领域取得成功，他的很多学生都做到了”，可知“桃李”指代的是老师培养的、在各自领域取得成功的学生。A选项桃树李树是字面比喻义不是指代对象，B选项勤奋的老师不符合，C选项树的花和果完全无关，排除ABC，选D。
33. 细节理解题：根据最后一段内容“楷树长得非常笔直，让人联想到孔子正直诚实的品质；模树的笔直形态和叶片纯净的色泽对应周公的美好品质”，可知楷树和模树的共同点是都形态笔直。B选项纯净的叶片只有模树提到，C选项它们分别种在孔子和周公墓旁不是同一地点，D选项两个字的“木”字旁都在左侧不是右侧，排除BCD，选A。
34. 主旨大意题：文章首段总起点明“犬子、桃李、楷模都是中国历史文化的一部分”，之后三段分别介绍三个词汇的文化内涵，整体是介绍和中国历史文化相关的中文词汇。A选项讲做像子质一样的好老师仅对应第三段局部内容，B选项展示尊重他人的不同方式仅对应第二段局部内容，D选项解释古人在墓旁种树的原因仅对应第四段局部内容，都不能概括全文，排除ABD，选C。
35. 篇章结构题：第一段是总起段，引出要介绍的几个文化词汇；第二、三、四段是并列的分述段落，分别介绍犬子、桃李、楷模三个词汇的文化含义，整体是总分结构，对应结构为①/②③④，选B。
【答案】
31. D 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳，语篇结构判断
【点评】
本题属于文化类说明文阅读，既考察学生常规的阅读理解能力，也融入了中国传统文化常识，题目设置梯度合理，从基础细节查找逐步过渡到篇章逻辑梳理，部分干扰项利用段落局部信息误导学生，解题时要注意区分局部内容和全文主旨、区分事物的独有特征和共同特征，避免误选。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍中国特色历史文化词汇的说明文阅读，解题时可按照“先读题干划定位词→回原文对应段落找依据→逐一排除干扰选项”的思路推进：
1. 做细节类题目时，直接根据题干给出的段落提示，锁定对应语句，匹配选项即可；
2. 推理类题目要结合段落整体逻辑，判断指代对象的真实含义；
3. 主旨题需要结合首段总起内容和各分述段落的核心共同归纳；
4. 篇章结构题要判断段落之间的逻辑关系，区分总起段和分述段。
【解析】
31. 细节理解题：根据第二段内容“在中国，中国父母称呼自己的儿子为‘犬子’是一种谦虚的介绍方式，称呼别人的儿子用‘令郎’表尊重，即便孩子很成功，他们也不会当众宣扬，反而会低调处理”，可知中国人低调的方式是称呼自己的儿子为犬子。A选项邀请朋友去寒舍、B选项称呼别人儿子为令郎、C选项希望孩子成功都不是对应“play it down”的行为，排除ABC，选D。
32. 推理判断题：根据第三段内容“‘桃李满天下’指老师在全国各地有很多学生，子质教导学生要像桃李树一样在各自领域取得成功，他的很多学生都做到了”，可知“桃李”指代的是老师培养的、在各自领域取得成功的学生。A选项桃树李树是字面比喻义不是指代对象，B选项勤奋的老师不符合，C选项树的花和果完全无关，排除ABC，选D。
33. 细节理解题：根据最后一段内容“楷树长得非常笔直，让人联想到孔子正直诚实的品质；模树的笔直形态和叶片纯净的色泽对应周公的美好品质”，可知楷树和模树的共同点是都形态笔直。B选项纯净的叶片只有模树提到，C选项它们分别种在孔子和周公墓旁不是同一地点，D选项两个字的“木”字旁都在左侧不是右侧，排除BCD，选A。
34. 主旨大意题：文章首段总起点明“犬子、桃李、楷模都是中国历史文化的一部分”，之后三段分别介绍三个词汇的文化内涵，整体是介绍和中国历史文化相关的中文词汇。A选项讲做像子质一样的好老师仅对应第三段局部内容，B选项展示尊重他人的不同方式仅对应第二段局部内容，D选项解释古人在墓旁种树的原因仅对应第四段局部内容，都不能概括全文，排除ABD，选C。
35. 篇章结构题：第一段是总起段，引出要介绍的几个文化词汇；第二、三、四段是并列的分述段落，分别介绍犬子、桃李、楷模三个词汇的文化含义，整体是总分结构，对应结构为①/②③④，选B。
【答案】
31. D 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意归纳，语篇结构判断
【点评】
本题属于文化类说明文阅读，既考察学生常规的阅读理解能力，也融入了中国传统文化常识，题目设置梯度合理，从基础细节查找逐步过渡到篇章逻辑梳理，部分干扰项利用段落局部信息误导学生，解题时要注意区分局部内容和全文主旨、区分事物的独有特征和共同特征，避免误选。
【难度系数】
0.7
