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Ⅴ.（2026·常州金坛区期末）阅读理解
The freezing Antarctica, where temperatures can drop to $-60°\mathrm{C}$, is home to emperor penguins. These tall black-and-white birds weigh up to 45 kilograms. They have a special way to raise children: fathers warm eggs on their feet, while mothers walk 80 kilometers to find food. For hundreds of years, they lived well in this tough place. But now, their future is in danger. A study shows that their global number has dropped by 28% over the 20 years.
Global(全球的) warming is their biggest threat(威胁). Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies. As the earth warms, sea ice melts earlier and freezes later. Baby penguins' feathers (羽毛) aren't waterproof yet, so their bodies can easily get wet—a problem that often leads them to freeze to death. Warmer oceans also make krill, their main food, die out, leaving emperor penguins difficult to survive.
The crisis(危机) of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem. If they disappear(消失), other animals like seals that need the same sea ice and food will also be in danger. What's worse, losing sea ice will make Antarctica even hotter. The situation of emperor penguins is a key sign of the environmental health of Antarctica.
Luckily, there are things we can do to save emperor penguins. The governments should make laws to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放)—the main cause of rising temperatures. For us common(普通) people, we can take buses or the underground instead of driving cars, and tell others about the emperor penguin crisis. Raising awareness can push for faster and better action.
1. What can we know about emperor penguins according to the passage?
A. They depend on cold sea ice to survive.
B. They build homes on land to protect themselves.
C. Mothers usually keep and look after their eggs.
D. They are over 45 kilograms and look colorful.
2. 新考法 推断段落大意 What's the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Melting sea ice is harmful to Antarctic animals like seals.
B. The danger faced by emperor penguins is a warning for the Antarctic ecosystem.
C. Global warming makes emperor penguins disappear fast.
D. Emperor penguins disappear faster than other sea animals.
3. 新考法 标题归纳 What is the best title for the passage?
A. Changing Climate in Antarctica
B. How to Protect Antarctic Animals
C. Krill: Tiny Food in Antarctica
D. Emperor Penguins: Fighting to Survive
The freezing Antarctica, where temperatures can drop to $-60°\mathrm{C}$, is home to emperor penguins. These tall black-and-white birds weigh up to 45 kilograms. They have a special way to raise children: fathers warm eggs on their feet, while mothers walk 80 kilometers to find food. For hundreds of years, they lived well in this tough place. But now, their future is in danger. A study shows that their global number has dropped by 28% over the 20 years.
Global(全球的) warming is their biggest threat(威胁). Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies. As the earth warms, sea ice melts earlier and freezes later. Baby penguins' feathers (羽毛) aren't waterproof yet, so their bodies can easily get wet—a problem that often leads them to freeze to death. Warmer oceans also make krill, their main food, die out, leaving emperor penguins difficult to survive.
The crisis(危机) of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem. If they disappear(消失), other animals like seals that need the same sea ice and food will also be in danger. What's worse, losing sea ice will make Antarctica even hotter. The situation of emperor penguins is a key sign of the environmental health of Antarctica.
Luckily, there are things we can do to save emperor penguins. The governments should make laws to cut greenhouse gas emissions(排放)—the main cause of rising temperatures. For us common(普通) people, we can take buses or the underground instead of driving cars, and tell others about the emperor penguin crisis. Raising awareness can push for faster and better action.
1. What can we know about emperor penguins according to the passage?
A. They depend on cold sea ice to survive.
B. They build homes on land to protect themselves.
C. Mothers usually keep and look after their eggs.
D. They are over 45 kilograms and look colorful.
2. 新考法 推断段落大意 What's the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A. Melting sea ice is harmful to Antarctic animals like seals.
B. The danger faced by emperor penguins is a warning for the Antarctic ecosystem.
C. Global warming makes emperor penguins disappear fast.
D. Emperor penguins disappear faster than other sea animals.
3. 新考法 标题归纳 What is the best title for the passage?
A. Changing Climate in Antarctica
B. How to Protect Antarctic Animals
C. Krill: Tiny Food in Antarctica
D. Emperor Penguins: Fighting to Survive
答案
[文章大意]本文是一篇科普说明文,主要介绍了帝企鹅在南极的生存状况,它们因全球变暖导致海冰融化而面临生存危机。文章呼吁通过减少温室气体排放和提高公众意识来拯救它们。
1. A [解析]细节理解题。根据“Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies.”可知,帝企鹅依赖寒冷的海冰生存。故选 A。
2. B [解析]段落大意题。根据“The crisis of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem.”可知,本段核心是帝企鹅面临的危机不只是单一物种的消亡,更是对整个南极生态系统的警示。故选 B。
3. D [解析]标题归纳题。文章整体围绕帝企鹅因全球变暖面临生存威胁,以及拯救措施展开,强调它们为生存而战。选项 D“帝企鹅:为生存而战”准确概括全文核心。故选 D。
1. A [解析]细节理解题。根据“Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies.”可知,帝企鹅依赖寒冷的海冰生存。故选 A。
2. B [解析]段落大意题。根据“The crisis of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem.”可知,本段核心是帝企鹅面临的危机不只是单一物种的消亡,更是对整个南极生态系统的警示。故选 B。
3. D [解析]标题归纳题。文章整体围绕帝企鹅因全球变暖面临生存威胁,以及拯救措施展开,强调它们为生存而战。选项 D“帝企鹅:为生存而战”准确概括全文核心。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题思路可以按题型分步推进：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需要把每个选项的描述逐一返回原文定位比对，排除和原文内容不符的错误选项，筛选出符合原文表述的答案；
2. 第2题是段落大意推断题，不需要纠结段落里的细碎细节，优先找段落的主题句（通常在段首位置），核心句直接点明段落主旨，其余内容都是对主旨的补充说明；
3. 第3题是标题归纳题，要抓住全文的核心描述主体，排除偏离主体、范围过大或者仅覆盖局部细节的干扰项，选出能完整覆盖全文核心内容的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第二句“Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies”，可知帝企鹅繁衍后代完全依赖海冰，也就是依赖寒冷的海冰生存。逐一排除错误选项：B选项，在陆地筑巢的是其他企鹅，并非帝企鹅，表述错误；C选项，第一段明确说明是帝企鹅爸爸把蛋放在脚上保暖孵化，妈妈外出觅食，表述错误；D选项，第一段说明帝企鹅体重最高可达45公斤，是黑白配色，并非体重超过45公斤、色彩艳丽，表述错误。因此选A。
2. 段落大意题：第三段首句就是全段的主题句“The crisis of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem”，后续内容都是围绕这个核心展开，解释帝企鹅的危机对整个南极生态系统的警示作用，其余选项都是段落里用来支撑主旨的细节内容，并非段落核心大意。因此选B。
3. 标题归纳题：全文围绕帝企鹅的生存现状、全球变暖带来的生存威胁、其危机对南极生态的警示意义以及对应的保护措施展开，核心描述主体是帝企鹅的生存困境。A选项仅提及南极气候变化，完全偏离核心主体；B选项“保护南极动物”范围过于宽泛，没有聚焦本文核心的帝企鹅；C选项磷虾只是文中提到的帝企鹅的食物，属于局部细节，无法概括全文内容。只有D选项准确覆盖了全文的核心内容。
【答案】
1. A 2. B 3. D
【知识点】
细节理解、段落主旨归纳、标题选择
【点评】
本题属于典型的初中英语说明文阅读题型，覆盖了阅读理解最核心的三类考点，两个新考法的设置引导学生跳出只定位零散细节的惯性，学会梳理文本逻辑、抓取核心主旨，能够有效检验学生对说明类文本的阅读解题能力，整体命题贴合科普类阅读的考察方向。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题思路可以按题型分步推进：
1. 第1题是细节理解题，需要把每个选项的描述逐一返回原文定位比对，排除和原文内容不符的错误选项，筛选出符合原文表述的答案；
2. 第2题是段落大意推断题，不需要纠结段落里的细碎细节，优先找段落的主题句（通常在段首位置），核心句直接点明段落主旨，其余内容都是对主旨的补充说明；
3. 第3题是标题归纳题，要抓住全文的核心描述主体，排除偏离主体、范围过大或者仅覆盖局部细节的干扰项，选出能完整覆盖全文核心内容的标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第二段第二句“Unlike other penguins that build homes on land, they need sea ice to have and raise babies”，可知帝企鹅繁衍后代完全依赖海冰，也就是依赖寒冷的海冰生存。逐一排除错误选项：B选项，在陆地筑巢的是其他企鹅，并非帝企鹅，表述错误；C选项，第一段明确说明是帝企鹅爸爸把蛋放在脚上保暖孵化，妈妈外出觅食，表述错误；D选项，第一段说明帝企鹅体重最高可达45公斤，是黑白配色，并非体重超过45公斤、色彩艳丽，表述错误。因此选A。
2. 段落大意题：第三段首句就是全段的主题句“The crisis of emperor penguins is not just about losing one kind of animal—it's a warning for the whole Antarctic ecosystem”，后续内容都是围绕这个核心展开，解释帝企鹅的危机对整个南极生态系统的警示作用，其余选项都是段落里用来支撑主旨的细节内容，并非段落核心大意。因此选B。
3. 标题归纳题：全文围绕帝企鹅的生存现状、全球变暖带来的生存威胁、其危机对南极生态的警示意义以及对应的保护措施展开，核心描述主体是帝企鹅的生存困境。A选项仅提及南极气候变化，完全偏离核心主体；B选项“保护南极动物”范围过于宽泛，没有聚焦本文核心的帝企鹅；C选项磷虾只是文中提到的帝企鹅的食物，属于局部细节，无法概括全文内容。只有D选项准确覆盖了全文的核心内容。
【答案】
1. A 2. B 3. D
【知识点】
细节理解、段落主旨归纳、标题选择
【点评】
本题属于典型的初中英语说明文阅读题型，覆盖了阅读理解最核心的三类考点，两个新考法的设置引导学生跳出只定位零散细节的惯性，学会梳理文本逻辑、抓取核心主旨，能够有效检验学生对说明类文本的阅读解题能力，整体命题贴合科普类阅读的考察方向。
【难度系数】
0.7
