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Ⅱ. 阅读理解
Remember Honest Zhou
He is known as the father of modern Chinese literature. But his influence has gone beyond literature to the world of ideas, arts and politics. No wonder Chairman Mao Zedong once called him "the sage of modern China". Zhou Shuren is commonly known for his pen name Lu Xun. Today his writing is still widely read and several of his stories and essays are included in China's public school curriculum.
As one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement(1915-1923), Lu Xun is known for making honest comments on Chinese institutions, culture and customs. Take the story From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Study for example. The writer wrote about his youth from his playground Baicao Garden to his school Sanwei Study, where a respected teacher instructed him in Chinese classics. The name "Sanwei", which translates as "three flavours", refers to comparisons of different types of reading to different types of foodstuffs. Confucian classics are like rice. History books are like dishes. And literature is like sauce and seasoning. It was in this strict traditional learning environment that he started to form a solid understanding of Chinese feudal society.
So when he wrote his first short story, A Madman's Diary, he declared war on the broken society. The story made a huge splash引起轰动 in China's literary world when it was published in 1918 for being among the first to use colloquial白话的 language together with the hard-to-read classical language that "serious" authors were meant to write in at the time. The story also turned heads for its extremely critical take on the downside of Chinese tradition, which Zhou compared to cannibalism吃人礼教.
Three years later, another important story, The True Story of Ah Q, was published. It saw Lu Xun look at the Chinese psyche国民劣根性 at the time. The writer criticized it through Ah Q, a peasant农民 who always considers himself superior to others even as he is humiliated and finally executed in the end. This characterization was on-the-nose enough that the phrase "the Ah Q spirit" is widely used even today.
"In all of Chinese literature, Lu Xun is ... a sharp observer of the era he lived through, and an innovator in both language and literary forms," commented The Guardian newspaper.
1. What are history books like according to Lu Xun?
A. They are like rice. B. They are like dishes.
C. They are like sauce. D. They are like seasoning.
2. Why did A Madman's Diary make a huge splash in 1918?
A. Because it was Lu Xun's first short story.
B. Because it combined colloquial and classical language.
C. Because it praised Chinese traditions.
D. Because it created the Ah Q spirit.
3. What does Ah Q represent?
A. The Chinese grass-roots people during the feudal period.
B. Lu Xun.
C. Nobles during the feudal period.
D. Royals during the feudal period.
4. What does the underlined word "criticized" mean?
A. Say something good. B. Learn.
C. Show. D. Say something bad.
5. What's the passage mainly about?
A. Lu Xun—the sage of modern China. B. How to write stories.
C. Some influential stories. D. Famous works of Chinese literature.
Remember Honest Zhou
He is known as the father of modern Chinese literature. But his influence has gone beyond literature to the world of ideas, arts and politics. No wonder Chairman Mao Zedong once called him "the sage of modern China". Zhou Shuren is commonly known for his pen name Lu Xun. Today his writing is still widely read and several of his stories and essays are included in China's public school curriculum.
As one of the leaders of the New Culture Movement(1915-1923), Lu Xun is known for making honest comments on Chinese institutions, culture and customs. Take the story From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Study for example. The writer wrote about his youth from his playground Baicao Garden to his school Sanwei Study, where a respected teacher instructed him in Chinese classics. The name "Sanwei", which translates as "three flavours", refers to comparisons of different types of reading to different types of foodstuffs. Confucian classics are like rice. History books are like dishes. And literature is like sauce and seasoning. It was in this strict traditional learning environment that he started to form a solid understanding of Chinese feudal society.
So when he wrote his first short story, A Madman's Diary, he declared war on the broken society. The story made a huge splash引起轰动 in China's literary world when it was published in 1918 for being among the first to use colloquial白话的 language together with the hard-to-read classical language that "serious" authors were meant to write in at the time. The story also turned heads for its extremely critical take on the downside of Chinese tradition, which Zhou compared to cannibalism吃人礼教.
Three years later, another important story, The True Story of Ah Q, was published. It saw Lu Xun look at the Chinese psyche国民劣根性 at the time. The writer criticized it through Ah Q, a peasant农民 who always considers himself superior to others even as he is humiliated and finally executed in the end. This characterization was on-the-nose enough that the phrase "the Ah Q spirit" is widely used even today.
"In all of Chinese literature, Lu Xun is ... a sharp observer of the era he lived through, and an innovator in both language and literary forms," commented The Guardian newspaper.
1. What are history books like according to Lu Xun?
A. They are like rice. B. They are like dishes.
C. They are like sauce. D. They are like seasoning.
2. Why did A Madman's Diary make a huge splash in 1918?
A. Because it was Lu Xun's first short story.
B. Because it combined colloquial and classical language.
C. Because it praised Chinese traditions.
D. Because it created the Ah Q spirit.
3. What does Ah Q represent?
A. The Chinese grass-roots people during the feudal period.
B. Lu Xun.
C. Nobles during the feudal period.
D. Royals during the feudal period.
4. What does the underlined word "criticized" mean?
A. Say something good. B. Learn.
C. Show. D. Say something bad.
5. What's the passage mainly about?
A. Lu Xun—the sage of modern China. B. How to write stories.
C. Some influential stories. D. Famous works of Chinese literature.
答案
Ⅱ.[语篇结构]①father ②sharp
③innovator
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A
③innovator
1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A
解析
【分析】
本题围绕鲁迅的相关内容设置了语篇结构填空和阅读理解选择题，解题思路为：先通读全文把握主旨，针对语篇结构填空，需定位原文对应描述提取关键词；针对选择题，根据题干关键词回原文定位，匹配原文信息得出答案。
【解析】
语篇结构填空
① 定位原文第一段第一句“He is known as the father of modern Chinese literature.”，可知此处填father；
② 定位原文最后一段“a sharp observer of the era he lived through”，可知此处填sharp；
③ 定位原文最后一段“and an innovator in both language and literary forms”，可知此处填innovator。
选择题解析
1. 题干问“根据鲁迅，历史书像什么”，定位原文第二段“History books are like dishes.”，对应选项B。
2. 题干问“《狂人日记》1918年引起轰动的原因”，定位原文第三段“for being among the first to use colloquial language together with the hard-to-read classical language”，对应选项B。
3. 题干问“阿Q代表什么”，定位原文第四段“Ah Q, a peasant who always considers himself superior to others”，可知其代表封建时期的底层民众，对应选项A。
4. 题干问“划线词‘criticized’的意思”，结合上下文鲁迅对国民劣根性的态度，可知是“批评，说不好的”，对应选项D。
5. 题干问“文章主旨”，全文围绕鲁迅展开，且原文第一段提到“Chairman Mao Zedong once called him 'the sage of modern China'”，对应选项A。
【答案】
语篇结构：①father ②sharp ③innovator；选择题：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、主旨大意、语篇结构填空
【点评】
本题围绕鲁迅的文学地位、作品及评价展开，考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题型基础，注重对文本细节的把握，是典型的阅读理解综合考查题。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题围绕鲁迅的相关内容设置了语篇结构填空和阅读理解选择题，解题思路为：先通读全文把握主旨，针对语篇结构填空，需定位原文对应描述提取关键词；针对选择题，根据题干关键词回原文定位，匹配原文信息得出答案。
【解析】
语篇结构填空
① 定位原文第一段第一句“He is known as the father of modern Chinese literature.”，可知此处填father；
② 定位原文最后一段“a sharp observer of the era he lived through”，可知此处填sharp；
③ 定位原文最后一段“and an innovator in both language and literary forms”，可知此处填innovator。
选择题解析
1. 题干问“根据鲁迅，历史书像什么”，定位原文第二段“History books are like dishes.”，对应选项B。
2. 题干问“《狂人日记》1918年引起轰动的原因”，定位原文第三段“for being among the first to use colloquial language together with the hard-to-read classical language”，对应选项B。
3. 题干问“阿Q代表什么”，定位原文第四段“Ah Q, a peasant who always considers himself superior to others”，可知其代表封建时期的底层民众，对应选项A。
4. 题干问“划线词‘criticized’的意思”，结合上下文鲁迅对国民劣根性的态度，可知是“批评，说不好的”，对应选项D。
5. 题干问“文章主旨”，全文围绕鲁迅展开，且原文第一段提到“Chairman Mao Zedong once called him 'the sage of modern China'”，对应选项A。
【答案】
语篇结构：①father ②sharp ③innovator；选择题：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.A
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、主旨大意、语篇结构填空
【点评】
本题围绕鲁迅的文学地位、作品及评价展开，考查学生快速定位原文信息的能力，题型基础，注重对文本细节的把握，是典型的阅读理解综合考查题。
【难度系数】
0.7
