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训练1 体裁：说明文 主题：中华文化 难度：★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率：/3
新素养·文化意识（原创）Chinese titles like quanzi and taoli are commonly used by us to refer to certain people. But have you wondered about their origins?
Showing modesty(谦虚) and respect
In ancient China or even sometimes today, Chinese people call their sons quanzi. This actually shows their modesty.
People believe that dogs are humble(卑微的) animals. When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest. Of course, most parents do have high expectations for their children and want them to be successful. However, they don't usually talk about this in front of others. Instead, they try to play it down. This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses
Although Chinese people are modest about themselves, they praise others a lot. They call their own sons quanzi, but others' sons linglang, which is a respectful way to say "your son".
Spreading seeds of education
Do you know the Chinese idiom "taoli mantianxia"? It refers to a teacher who has taught so many students that they spread across the country like peach and plum trees. This idiom comes from a story about Zizhi, an official who lived in the State of Wei during the Warring States Period (475－221 BCE). Zizhi was knowledgeable. He opened a private school and started to teach students.
Zizhi was kind and wise. He picked students without caring about how rich or successful they were. He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard when asking his students to work hard. "You should become a useful person for others, just like when the peach and plum trees come into flowers and yield fruit," he said.
Keeping these words in mind, many of Zizhi's students went on to different places around the country, achieving great things along the way. They would plant peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher.
Since then, the words "peach and plum trees" have been used to refer to students who have been successful in their post-study life.
1. Which Chinese phrase should go in the blank in Paragraph 3?
A. 贵府 B. 寒舍 C. 华堂 D. 敝履
2. What does the underlined word "yield" in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. 制作 B. 采摘 C. 加工 D. 产生
3. What can we infer from this passage?
A. The teaching way of Zizhi only works for the traditional society.
B. Manners like politeness and respect have a long history in China.
C. Peach and plum trees are used to refer to great teachers like Zizhi.
D. In China, you can call your friend's son quanzi to show your modesty.
新素养·文化意识（原创）Chinese titles like quanzi and taoli are commonly used by us to refer to certain people. But have you wondered about their origins?
Showing modesty(谦虚) and respect
In ancient China or even sometimes today, Chinese people call their sons quanzi. This actually shows their modesty.
People believe that dogs are humble(卑微的) animals. When Chinese parents use quanzi to refer to their sons, they are being modest. Of course, most parents do have high expectations for their children and want them to be successful. However, they don't usually talk about this in front of others. Instead, they try to play it down. This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses
B
, which means "my humble home".Although Chinese people are modest about themselves, they praise others a lot. They call their own sons quanzi, but others' sons linglang, which is a respectful way to say "your son".
Spreading seeds of education
Do you know the Chinese idiom "taoli mantianxia"? It refers to a teacher who has taught so many students that they spread across the country like peach and plum trees. This idiom comes from a story about Zizhi, an official who lived in the State of Wei during the Warring States Period (475－221 BCE). Zizhi was knowledgeable. He opened a private school and started to teach students.
Zizhi was kind and wise. He picked students without caring about how rich or successful they were. He often pointed at a peach and a plum tree in his yard when asking his students to work hard. "You should become a useful person for others, just like when the peach and plum trees come into flowers and yield fruit," he said.
Keeping these words in mind, many of Zizhi's students went on to different places around the country, achieving great things along the way. They would plant peach and plum trees to show their respect for their teacher.
Since then, the words "peach and plum trees" have been used to refer to students who have been successful in their post-study life.
1. Which Chinese phrase should go in the blank in Paragraph 3?
A. 贵府 B. 寒舍 C. 华堂 D. 敝履
2. What does the underlined word "yield" in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. 制作 B. 采摘 C. 加工 D. 产生
3. What can we infer from this passage?
A. The teaching way of Zizhi only works for the traditional society.
B. Manners like politeness and respect have a long history in China.
C. Peach and plum trees are used to refer to great teachers like Zizhi.
D. In China, you can call your friend's son quanzi to show your modesty.
答案
训练1 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国一些传统称谓的来源。
1. B 补全文章题。根据上文“This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses”和下文“my humble home”可知此处介绍中国富人如何称呼自己的大房子，“我卑微的家”对应的谦称应是“寒舍”。故选B。
2. D 词义猜测题。根据语境“You should become a useful person for others, just like when the peach and plum trees come into flowers and yield fruit”并结合常识可知桃树李树在开花后会“产生”果实，为人们所用，以此比喻人们应成为对他人有用的人。故选D。
＞＞ 生活常识
3. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“In ancient China or even sometimes today, Chinese people call their sons quanzi.”和第五段“This idiom comes from a story about Zizhi, an official who lived in the State of Wei during the Warring States Period (475—221 BCE).”可知这些习语来自古代，由此推断礼貌和尊重等礼仪在中国有悠久的历史。故选B。
1. B 补全文章题。根据上文“This is similar to how even rich Chinese people call their big houses”和下文“my humble home”可知此处介绍中国富人如何称呼自己的大房子，“我卑微的家”对应的谦称应是“寒舍”。故选B。
2. D 词义猜测题。根据语境“You should become a useful person for others, just like when the peach and plum trees come into flowers and yield fruit”并结合常识可知桃树李树在开花后会“产生”果实，为人们所用，以此比喻人们应成为对他人有用的人。故选D。
＞＞ 生活常识
3. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“In ancient China or even sometimes today, Chinese people call their sons quanzi.”和第五段“This idiom comes from a story about Zizhi, an official who lived in the State of Wei during the Warring States Period (475—221 BCE).”可知这些习语来自古代，由此推断礼貌和尊重等礼仪在中国有悠久的历史。故选B。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍中国传统称谓来源的说明文，包含3道不同类型的阅读理解题。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是补全文章题，需结合上下文语境，尤其是下文“my humble home”的提示，选择符合谦称“我的家”的短语；
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，要结合语境（桃树李树开花后……果实）和生活常识，推断yield的含义；
3. 第3题是推理判断题，需从文中提到的古代就存在的礼貌称谓、典故等内容，合理推断选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第3段上下文，此处介绍富人称呼自己的大房子，对应“my humble home”（我的卑微的家）的谦称，“寒舍”是谦称自己的家，符合语境，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据语境“桃树李树开花后……果实”及常识，yield在此处意为“产生”，即桃树李树开花后结出果实，故选D。
3. 第3题：文中提到古代就有“quanzi”等礼貌称谓，以及战国时期的典故，可推断礼貌和尊重的礼仪在中国有悠久历史；A项文中未提仅适用于传统社会，C项桃李指学生而非老师，D项称别人儿子用“linglang”而非“quanzi”，故选B。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. B
【知识点】
说明文阅读、词义猜测、推理判断
【点评】
本题围绕中华文化传统称谓展开，考查学生的阅读理解能力，需结合语境、文化常识及文本细节解题，体现了文化意识的考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.4
这是一篇介绍中国传统称谓来源的说明文，包含3道不同类型的阅读理解题。解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是补全文章题，需结合上下文语境，尤其是下文“my humble home”的提示，选择符合谦称“我的家”的短语；
2. 第2题是词义猜测题，要结合语境（桃树李树开花后……果实）和生活常识，推断yield的含义；
3. 第3题是推理判断题，需从文中提到的古代就存在的礼貌称谓、典故等内容，合理推断选项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据第3段上下文，此处介绍富人称呼自己的大房子，对应“my humble home”（我的卑微的家）的谦称，“寒舍”是谦称自己的家，符合语境，故选B。
2. 第2题：根据语境“桃树李树开花后……果实”及常识，yield在此处意为“产生”，即桃树李树开花后结出果实，故选D。
3. 第3题：文中提到古代就有“quanzi”等礼貌称谓，以及战国时期的典故，可推断礼貌和尊重的礼仪在中国有悠久历史；A项文中未提仅适用于传统社会，C项桃李指学生而非老师，D项称别人儿子用“linglang”而非“quanzi”，故选B。
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. B
【知识点】
说明文阅读、词义猜测、推理判断
【点评】
本题围绕中华文化传统称谓展开，考查学生的阅读理解能力，需结合语境、文化常识及文本细节解题，体现了文化意识的考查要求。
【难度系数】
0.4
