8. 阅读材料:若$m^2 -2mn +2n^2 -8n +16=0$,求$m,n$的值.
解:$\because m^2 -2mn +2n^2 -8n +16=0$,
$\therefore (m^2 -2mn +n^2)+(n^2 -8n +16)=0$,
$\therefore (m-n)^2 + (n-4)^2=0$,
$\therefore (m-n)^2=0,(n-4)^2=0$,
$\therefore n=4,m=4$.
根据你的观察,解答下面的问题:
(1)已知$a^2 +4ab +5b^2 +6b +9=0$,则$a=$
(2)已知$△ ABC$的三边长$a,b,c$都是正整数,且满足$a^2 -4a +2b^2 -4b +6=0$,求$c$的值;
(3)若$A=4a^2 +3a -5,B=3a^2 +4a -7$,试比较$A$与$B$的大小,并说明理由.
解:$\because m^2 -2mn +2n^2 -8n +16=0$,
$\therefore (m^2 -2mn +n^2)+(n^2 -8n +16)=0$,
$\therefore (m-n)^2 + (n-4)^2=0$,
$\therefore (m-n)^2=0,(n-4)^2=0$,
$\therefore n=4,m=4$.
根据你的观察,解答下面的问题:
(1)已知$a^2 +4ab +5b^2 +6b +9=0$,则$a=$
6
,$b=$-3
;(2)已知$△ ABC$的三边长$a,b,c$都是正整数,且满足$a^2 -4a +2b^2 -4b +6=0$,求$c$的值;
(3)若$A=4a^2 +3a -5,B=3a^2 +4a -7$,试比较$A$与$B$的大小,并说明理由.
答案
8.(1)6 -3
(2)解:$a^2 -4a +2b^2 -4b +6=a^2 -4a +4 +2b^2 -4b +2=(a-2)^2 +2(b-1)^2=0$,
$\therefore a-2=0,b-1=0$,
解得$a=2,b=1$.
$\because a,b,c$是$△ ABC$的三边长,$\therefore 1<c<3$.
$\because c$是正整数,$\therefore c=2$.
(3)解:$A>B$,理由如下:
$\because A=4a^2 +3a -5,B=3a^2 +4a -7$,
$\therefore A-B=4a^2 +3a -5 -(3a^2 +4a -7)=4a^2 +3a -5 -3a^2 -4a +7=a^2 -a +2=(a-\dfrac{1}{2})^2 +\dfrac{7}{4}$.
$\because (a-\dfrac{1}{2})^2≥0,\therefore (a-\dfrac{1}{2})^2 +\dfrac{7}{4}>0,\therefore A>B$.
(2)解:$a^2 -4a +2b^2 -4b +6=a^2 -4a +4 +2b^2 -4b +2=(a-2)^2 +2(b-1)^2=0$,
$\therefore a-2=0,b-1=0$,
解得$a=2,b=1$.
$\because a,b,c$是$△ ABC$的三边长,$\therefore 1<c<3$.
$\because c$是正整数,$\therefore c=2$.
(3)解:$A>B$,理由如下:
$\because A=4a^2 +3a -5,B=3a^2 +4a -7$,
$\therefore A-B=4a^2 +3a -5 -(3a^2 +4a -7)=4a^2 +3a -5 -3a^2 -4a +7=a^2 -a +2=(a-\dfrac{1}{2})^2 +\dfrac{7}{4}$.
$\because (a-\dfrac{1}{2})^2≥0,\therefore (a-\dfrac{1}{2})^2 +\dfrac{7}{4}>0,\therefore A>B$.
9.(2025·苏州姑苏区月考)探究代数式$x^2+4x+5$的最小值时,我们可以这样处理:$x^2+4x+5=x^2+4x+4+1=(x+2)^2+1$.
因为$(x+2)^2≥0$,
所以$(x+2)^2+1≥1$,
所以当$(x+2)^2=0$时,$(x+2)^2+1$的值最小,最小值是1,
所以$x^2+4x+5$的最小值是1.
依据上述方法,解决下列问题:
(1)当$x=$
(2)多项式$-x^2+6x+9$有最
(3)已知$-x^2+5x+y+20=0$,求$y+x$的最小值.
因为$(x+2)^2≥0$,
所以$(x+2)^2+1≥1$,
所以当$(x+2)^2=0$时,$(x+2)^2+1$的值最小,最小值是1,
所以$x^2+4x+5$的最小值是1.
依据上述方法,解决下列问题:
(1)当$x=$
-3
时,$x^2+6x-10$有最小值是-19
;(2)多项式$-x^2+6x+9$有最
大
(填“大”或“小”)值,该值为18
;(3)已知$-x^2+5x+y+20=0$,求$y+x$的最小值.
答案
9.(1)-3 -19 (2)大 18
(3)解:$\because -x^2 +5x +y +20=0,\therefore y=x^2 -5x -20$,
$\therefore y+x=x^2 -4x -20=(x-2)^2 -24$.
$\because (x-2)^2≥0,\therefore (x-2)^2 -24≥-24$,
$\therefore y+x$的最小值为$-24$.
(3)解:$\because -x^2 +5x +y +20=0,\therefore y=x^2 -5x -20$,
$\therefore y+x=x^2 -4x -20=(x-2)^2 -24$.
$\because (x-2)^2≥0,\therefore (x-2)^2 -24≥-24$,
$\therefore y+x$的最小值为$-24$.
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