9. 在下列各式的括号内,应填入 $a^{3}$ 的是()
$A.a^{12}=( ) )^{9}$
$B.a^{12}=( ) )^{6}$
$C.a^{12}=( ) )^{4}$
$D.a^{12}=( ) )^{2}$
$A.a^{12}=( ) )^{9}$
$B.a^{12}=( ) )^{6}$
$C.a^{12}=( ) )^{4}$
$D.a^{12}=( ) )^{2}$
答案
9. C
解析
设括号内的式子为$x$,则$x^n = a^{12}$,若$x = a^3$,则$(a^3)^n = a^{3n} = a^{12}$,所以$3n = 12$,解得$n = 4$。因此,应填入$a^3$的是选项C。
C
C
10. 给出下列式子:① $(a^{n})^{3n}=a^{4n}$;② $[(-a)^{2}]^{3}=(-a^{2})^{3}$;③ $[(-a)^{m}]^{n}=[(-a)^{n}]^{m}$;④ $(a^{2})^{3}·(a^{3})^{2}=a^{10}$.其中正确的有(
A.①③
B.②④
C.①②④
D.③
D
)A.①③
B.②④
C.①②④
D.③
答案
10. D 解析:$(a^{n})^{3n}=a^{3n^{2}}$,故①错误;$[(-a)^{2}]^{3}=a^{6}$,$(-a^{2})^{3}=-a^{6}$,故②错误;$[(-a)^{m}]^{n}=(-a)^{mn}$,$[(-a)^{n}]^{m}=(-a)^{mn}$,故③正确;$(a^{2})^{3}· (a^{3})^{2}=a^{6}· a^{6}=a^{12}$,故④错误.综上所述,只有③正确.
11. 若 $3·9^{m}·27^{m}=3^{11}$,则 $m$ 的值为(
A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
A
)A.2
B.3
C.4
D.5
答案
11. A 解析:$\because 3· 3^{2m}· 3^{3m}=3^{11}$,$\therefore 3^{1 + 2m + 3m}=3^{11}$,$\therefore 5m + 1 = 11$,解得$m = 2$.
12. 已知 $16^{a}=32^{b}$,则 $a$,$b$ 满足的关系正确的是(
A.$4a = b$
B.$4a = 5b$
C.$5a = 4b$
D.$a = 5b$
B
)A.$4a = b$
B.$4a = 5b$
C.$5a = 4b$
D.$a = 5b$
答案
12. B 解析:$\because 16^{a}=32^{b}$,$\therefore (2^{4})^{a}=(2^{5})^{b}$,$\therefore 2^{4a}=2^{5b}$,$\therefore 4a = 5b$.
13. (1)已知 $a + 3b - 2 = 0$,则 $4^{a}·8^{2b}=$
(2)已知 $9^{m}=3$,$27^{n}=4$,则 $3^{2m + 3n}=$
16
.(2)已知 $9^{m}=3$,$27^{n}=4$,则 $3^{2m + 3n}=$
12
.答案
13. (1)16 解析:$\because a + 3b - 2 = 0$,$\therefore a + 3b = 2$,$\therefore 4^{a}· 8^{2b}=2^{2a}· 2^{6b}=2^{2a + 6b}=2^{2(a + 3b)}=2^{4}=16$.
(2)12 解析:$\because 9^{m}=3^{2m}=3$,$27^{n}=3^{3n}=4$,$\therefore 3^{2m + 3n}=3^{2m}· 3^{3n}=3×4 = 12$.
(2)12 解析:$\because 9^{m}=3^{2m}=3$,$27^{n}=3^{3n}=4$,$\therefore 3^{2m + 3n}=3^{2m}· 3^{3n}=3×4 = 12$.
14. 计算:
(1) $[(x - y)^{3}]^{4}·[-(y - x)^{2}]^{5}·(x - y)$;
(2) $(a^{m})^{2}·(a^{3})^{n}-(a^{m - 1})^{2}·a^{2}$.
(1) $[(x - y)^{3}]^{4}·[-(y - x)^{2}]^{5}·(x - y)$;
(2) $(a^{m})^{2}·(a^{3})^{n}-(a^{m - 1})^{2}·a^{2}$.
答案
14. (1)原式$=(x - y)^{12}· [-(x - y)^{10}]· (x - y)=-(x - y)^{23}$.
(2)原式$=a^{2m}· a^{3n}-a^{2m - 2}· a^{2}=a^{2m + 3n}-a^{2m}$.
(2)原式$=a^{2m}· a^{3n}-a^{2m - 2}· a^{2}=a^{2m + 3n}-a^{2m}$.
15. 已知 $10^{a}=2$,$10^{b}=3$,求下列各式的值:
(1) $10^{2a}+10^{3b}$;
(2) $10^{2a + 3b}$.
(1) $10^{2a}+10^{3b}$;
(2) $10^{2a + 3b}$.
答案
15. (1)原式$=(10^{a})^{2}+(10^{b})^{3}=2^{2}+3^{3}=4 + 27 = 31$.
(2)原式$=10^{2a}· 10^{3b}=(10^{a})^{2}· (10^{b})^{3}=2^{2}×3^{3}=4×27 = 108$.
(2)原式$=10^{2a}· 10^{3b}=(10^{a})^{2}· (10^{b})^{3}=2^{2}×3^{3}=4×27 = 108$.
16. 求等式中 $x$ 的值:
(1) $9^{x + 1}-3^{2x}=72$;
(2) $3^{2}·9^{2x + 1}=81$.
(1) $9^{x + 1}-3^{2x}=72$;
(2) $3^{2}·9^{2x + 1}=81$.
答案
16. (1)$\because 9^{x + 1}-3^{2x}=9^{x}· 9 - 9^{x}=9^{x}(9 - 1)=9^{x}×8$,而$72 = 9×8$,$\therefore 9^{x}=9$,解得$x = 1$.
(2)$\because 3^{2}· 9^{2x + 1}=81$,$\therefore 3^{2}· (3^{2})^{2x + 1}=81$,$\therefore 3^{2}· 3^{4x + 2}=3^{4}$,$\therefore 3^{4x + 4}=3^{4}$,$\therefore 4x + 4 = 4$,解得$x = 0$.
(2)$\because 3^{2}· 9^{2x + 1}=81$,$\therefore 3^{2}· (3^{2})^{2x + 1}=81$,$\therefore 3^{2}· 3^{4x + 2}=3^{4}$,$\therefore 3^{4x + 4}=3^{4}$,$\therefore 4x + 4 = 4$,解得$x = 0$.
17. 老师要学生比较 $2^{100}$ 与 $3^{75}$ 的大小.李亨站起来说:“因为 $2^{100}=(2^{4})^{25}=16^{25}$,$3^{75}=(3^{3})^{25}=27^{25}$,而 $16 < 27$,所以 $2^{100} < 3^{75}$.”老师表扬了李亨同学.请你根据李亨的思路比较大小.
(1) $4^{30}$ 与 $3^{40}$;
(2) $2^{55}$、$3^{44}$、$4^{33}$.
(1) $4^{30}$ 与 $3^{40}$;
(2) $2^{55}$、$3^{44}$、$4^{33}$.
答案
17. (1)$4^{30}=(4^{3})^{10}=64^{10}$,$3^{40}=(3^{4})^{10}=81^{10}$,$\because 64 < 81$,$\therefore 4^{30} < 3^{40}$.
(2)$2^{55}=(2^{5})^{11}=32^{11}$,$3^{44}=(3^{4})^{11}=81^{11}$,$4^{33}=(4^{3})^{11}=64^{11}$,$\because 32 < 64 < 81$,$\therefore 2^{55} < 4^{33} < 3^{44}$.
(2)$2^{55}=(2^{5})^{11}=32^{11}$,$3^{44}=(3^{4})^{11}=81^{11}$,$4^{33}=(4^{3})^{11}=64^{11}$,$\because 32 < 64 < 81$,$\therefore 2^{55} < 4^{33} < 3^{44}$.
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