例题1:(嘉兴中考)He says, “Quitting(放弃) is never a matter of black and white.” He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more.
3. By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3, Eric Bean means that .

A.it's not good to stick at things we don't like
B.we should think twice before quitting an activity
C.we don't have to take exams to show our true abilities
D.it's wiser to pick up a new hobby than to keep the old one
解析:B 根据下文“He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more.”可知他建议仔细思考为什么不再喜欢某件事，即建议人们三思而后行。画线处与下文是解释关系。

B

【分析】做这类句意理解题时，不能仅孤立分析划线句，需结合上下文语境把握句子间的逻辑关系。首先定位划线句，再结合下文的提示内容，推导划线句的含义，最后匹配对应选项。
【解析】本题为英语阅读理解的句意理解题。划线句“Quitting is never a matter of black and white”意为“放弃从来不是非黑即白的事”，下文提到“He suggests thinking carefully about why you aren't enjoying something any more”，说明划线句是对下文的解释，核心是强调放弃不能随意，要慎重思考。选项A强调坚持不喜欢的事物，与文意不符；选项C提及考试，与原文无关；选项D主张换爱好比坚持旧爱好，不符合文意；选项B“我们在放弃一项活动前应该三思”与划线句及下文的含义一致，故选B。
【答案】B
【知识点】英语阅读理解，句意理解
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解中对划线句子含义的理解，解题关键是结合上下文语境把握句子间的解释关系，属于中考常见的细节理解类题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.4

训练1：（湖州中考）These changes will bring great harm to the planet. However, they can be beneficial to some people. For example, as the Arctic is getting warmer, some people in Greenland now own businesses and sell vegetables they grow on their land.
3. The underlined word "beneficial" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to "".

A.harmful
B.normal
C.helpful
D.uncomfortable

训练 1 C 根据上文“These changes will bring great harm to the planet.”和表示转折的“However”可知这些变化会带来危害，同时也会带来帮助；下文“For example ...”用具体的例子解释了变化带来的帮助。此处 beneficial 相当于 helpful。

【分析】
本题为英语词义猜测题，解题思路是：先通过文中的转折词判断单词的感情倾向，再结合下文举例验证单词含义，最后匹配选项得出答案。
【解析】
首先，根据文中转折词“However”可知，其前后内容语义相反。前文提到“These changes will bring great harm to the planet”（这些变化会对星球带来巨大危害），转折后“they can be beneficial to some people”应表示这些变化对一些人有好处；其次，下文举例说明北极变暖后，格林兰人做生意售卖自己种植的蔬菜，进一步印证了这些变化对他们有帮助。由此可推断“beneficial”意为“有益的”，与选项C“helpful”（有帮助的）含义最接近。
【答案】
C
【知识点】
词义猜测题；形容词词义辨析
【点评】
本题通过上下文转折关系及举例来考查词义猜测，难度适中，重点考查学生对语境逻辑的理解能力，属于基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.7

例题2:(营口中考)When he felt tired during the race, he told himself not to give up. "In long-distance running, the only opponent you have to beat is yourself," Xu added.
3. What does the underlined word "opponent" in Paragraph 5 mean?

A.Someone who always controls you.
B.Someone who never refuses you.
C.Someone who competes against you.
D.Someone who often cheers you on.
解析:C 根据下文"you have to beat"可知要打败的是对手。"you have to beat"是"opponent"的定语。

C

【分析】这是一道英语阅读理解中的词义猜测题，解题思路为：1. 定位划线词“opponent”；2. 查找该词的上下文提示，此处“opponent”后有定语从句“you have to beat”（你必须打败的），说明该词含义与“需要打败的对象”相关；3. 逐一分析选项，匹配符合语境的答案。
【解析】首先定位划线词“opponent”，其后的定语从句“you have to beat”明确提示该词指“需要打败的人”。分析选项：A选项“总是控制你的人”、B选项“从不拒绝你的人”、D选项“经常为你加油的人”均不符合“需要打败的对象”的含义；C选项“与你竞争的人（对手）”符合语境，故答案为C。
【答案】C
【知识点】英语词义猜测题
【点评】本题通过定语从句明确提示划线词含义，难度较低，考查学生结合上下文猜测词义的基本能力，是中考英语常见题型。
【难度系数】0.8

训练2： ★★ (潍坊中考)Developed by US company OpenAI, ChatGPT has taken the Internet by storm, winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022.
1. Which can replace the underlined part in Paragraph 1?

A.Succeeded greatly online.
B.Done harm to the Internet.
C.Brought strong wind and heavy rain.
D.Caused serious changes of the weather.

训练 2 A 根据下文“winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022”可知 ChatGPT 自推出以来已经赢得了 1 亿用户，由此可知它在网络上获得了巨大的成功，与 A 项“Succeeded greatly online.”意思相同。下文是画线处的伴随状语。

【分析】首先明确本题为词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境理解划线短语的含义。先分析划线部分的核心表意，再结合后文伴随状语的信息判断其表达的状态，最后对比选项选出匹配项。
【解析】划线短语“taken the Internet by storm”意为“在网络上迅速走红、大获成功”。根据后文“winning 100 million users since it came out in November 2022”（自2022年11月推出以来已赢得1亿用户），可知ChatGPT在网络上取得了巨大成功。对比选项：A项“Succeeded greatly online.”（在网络上大获成功）与划线短语含义一致；B项“Done harm to the Internet.”（对网络造成伤害）、C项“Brought strong wind and heavy rain.”（带来强风暴雨）、D项“Caused serious changes of the weather.”（引起天气的严重变化）均不符合语境，因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】词义猜测；短语辨析
【点评】本题通过上下文语境考查短语含义，需结合后文信息推导划线部分的实际意义，是中考常见的词义猜测题型，难度适中，能有效考查学生的语境理解能力。
【难度系数】0.5