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四、阅读理解 阅读下面短文，在每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Benjamin Franklin’s famous lightning experiment (闪电实验) got many kids interested in science. But new research shows this story might not be true.
The well-known story is that this American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, people were very interested in electricity (电). They wanted to know if lightning was made by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He flew the kite with a string tied to it. A metal (金属) key was tied to the string. A lightning flash hit the kite, and electricity passed through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. He said this proved (证明) lightning was a type of electricity.
For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment. Thousands of children have been amazed by his bravery and his way of looking for the truth. However, the details of the experiment are not entirely true. Some scientists questioned what really took place. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had really touched the key, he would surely have died from the electric shock.
Admittedly, fiction (虚构) is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more encouraged by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.
(
A. To prove that lightning was a type of electricity.
B. To show that he was brave.
C. To invent the famous kite.
D. To teach children about science.
(
A. Franklin got an electric shock and died after touching the key.
B. Franklin flew the kite when it was sunny.
C. String was tied to the kite and a metal key was tied to the string.
D. The kite was made of metal.
(
A. They think it is a perfect example of science.
B. They believe the story is completely true.
C. They think Franklin was not brave.
D. They are not sure if Franklin touched the key.
(
A. Franklin was not a good scientist.
B. The spirit of scientific exploration is more important than the facts.
C. The story of Franklin’s experiment is not worth telling.
D. Lightning experiments should not be taught in schools.
Benjamin Franklin’s famous lightning experiment (闪电实验) got many kids interested in science. But new research shows this story might not be true.
The well-known story is that this American Founding Father and scientist flew a kite during a storm in 1752. At that time, people were very interested in electricity (电). They wanted to know if lightning was made by electricity or something else. Franklin was one of them. He flew the kite with a string tied to it. A metal (金属) key was tied to the string. A lightning flash hit the kite, and electricity passed through the string to the key. Franklin then touched the key with his finger and got an electric shock. He said this proved (证明) lightning was a type of electricity.
For many years, schools have taught the story of Franklin’s lightning experiment. Thousands of children have been amazed by his bravery and his way of looking for the truth. However, the details of the experiment are not entirely true. Some scientists questioned what really took place. The detail about the string and the key is true. But scientists all agree that if Franklin had really touched the key, he would surely have died from the electric shock.
Admittedly, fiction (虚构) is often more interesting than the truth. People have been more encouraged by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.
(
A
) 1. Why did Franklin start the lightning experiment according to the story?A. To prove that lightning was a type of electricity.
B. To show that he was brave.
C. To invent the famous kite.
D. To teach children about science.
(
C
) 2. Which of the following details about Franklin’s lightning experiment is TRUE?A. Franklin got an electric shock and died after touching the key.
B. Franklin flew the kite when it was sunny.
C. String was tied to the kite and a metal key was tied to the string.
D. The kite was made of metal.
(
D
) 3. How do other scientists feel about Franklin’s lightning experiment?A. They think it is a perfect example of science.
B. They believe the story is completely true.
C. They think Franklin was not brave.
D. They are not sure if Franklin touched the key.
(
B
) 4. What does the author want to tell us in this passage?A. Franklin was not a good scientist.
B. The spirit of scientific exploration is more important than the facts.
C. The story of Franklin’s experiment is not worth telling.
D. Lightning experiments should not be taught in schools.
答案
1—4: ACDB
解析
【分析】本题为英语阅读理解题，需先通读短文把握主旨，再针对每个小题的问题定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项，排除错误选项后选出最佳答案。具体需分别查找实验目的、实验真实细节、科学家看法及作者写作意图，结合原文细节判断选项合理性。
【解析】1. 第1题：根据短文第二段最后一句“He said this proved (证明) lightning was a type of electricity.”可知，富兰克林做闪电实验的目的是证明闪电是一种电，对应选项A。B选项“展示自己勇敢”不是实验目的，C选项“发明著名风筝”文中未提及，D选项“教孩子科学”是学校教学内容而非实验目的，故选A。
2. 第2题：根据短文第二段“He flew the kite with a string tied to it. A metal (金属) key was tied to the string.”可知，C选项描述正确。A选项“富兰克林碰钥匙后触电死亡”与原文“若真碰了会死亡”不符；B选项“晴天放风筝”错误，实验在暴风雨中进行；D选项“风筝由金属制成”错误，是钥匙为金属，故选C。
3. 第3题：根据短文第三段“Some scientists questioned what really took place. ... But scientists all agree that if Franklin had really touched the key, he would surely have died from the electric shock.”可知，科学家不确定富兰克林是否真的触碰了钥匙，对应选项D。A选项“认为是完美的科学例子”与原文“细节不完全真实”不符；B选项“相信故事完全真实”与原文矛盾；C选项“认为富兰克林不勇敢”文中未提及，故选D。
4. 第4题：根据短文最后一段“People have been more encouraged by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.”可知，作者想表达科学探索的精神比事实更重要，对应选项B。A选项“富兰克林不是好科学家”与原文不符；C选项“富兰克林的实验故事不值得讲”无依据；D选项“学校不应教授闪电实验”与原文“学校已教授多年”不符，故选B。
【答案】1—4: ACDB
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文围绕富兰克林闪电实验的真实性展开，考查学生对原文细节的查找、推理及主旨的把握，需区分事实与虚构内容，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】1. 第1题：根据短文第二段最后一句“He said this proved (证明) lightning was a type of electricity.”可知，富兰克林做闪电实验的目的是证明闪电是一种电，对应选项A。B选项“展示自己勇敢”不是实验目的，C选项“发明著名风筝”文中未提及，D选项“教孩子科学”是学校教学内容而非实验目的，故选A。
2. 第2题：根据短文第二段“He flew the kite with a string tied to it. A metal (金属) key was tied to the string.”可知，C选项描述正确。A选项“富兰克林碰钥匙后触电死亡”与原文“若真碰了会死亡”不符；B选项“晴天放风筝”错误，实验在暴风雨中进行；D选项“风筝由金属制成”错误，是钥匙为金属，故选C。
3. 第3题：根据短文第三段“Some scientists questioned what really took place. ... But scientists all agree that if Franklin had really touched the key, he would surely have died from the electric shock.”可知，科学家不确定富兰克林是否真的触碰了钥匙，对应选项D。A选项“认为是完美的科学例子”与原文“细节不完全真实”不符；B选项“相信故事完全真实”与原文矛盾；C选项“认为富兰克林不勇敢”文中未提及，故选D。
4. 第4题：根据短文最后一段“People have been more encouraged by Franklin’s spirit of scientific exploration than by the facts themselves.”可知，作者想表达科学探索的精神比事实更重要，对应选项B。A选项“富兰克林不是好科学家”与原文不符；C选项“富兰克林的实验故事不值得讲”无依据；D选项“学校不应教授闪电实验”与原文“学校已教授多年”不符，故选B。
【答案】1—4: ACDB
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本文围绕富兰克林闪电实验的真实性展开，考查学生对原文细节的查找、推理及主旨的把握，需区分事实与虚构内容，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】0.6
