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四、阅读理解
Thomas Edison's story shows that true talent comes from endless curiosity. Born in Ohio, the USA, his formal education lasted only three months—his teacher couldn't stand his endless questioning. His mother Nancy became his teacher, offering lessons that included reading, writing, and hands-on experiments（实验）in their home laboratory. By age 10, he had read books like School of Natural Philosophy, and often did experiments as the texts taught.
At 12, Edison took a job selling newspapers on the train. During rides, he changed the baggage car（行李车厢）into a mobile laboratory, studying chemistry textbooks and doing experiments. When his experiments started a fire, the angry conductor（售票员）hit his ears and this caused（导致）his lifelong hearing problem. He didn't give up. Instead, he saw this as an advantage（优势）—learning Morse code（莫尔斯电码）quickly in a few weeks and getting a job as a night telegraph operator. Here, he made his first invention at 16: an automatic telegraph repeater（自动电报转发器）.
Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory became his real school. He filled shelves with over 10 000 scientific books, asking all workers to study each night. His famous “invention teams” held midnight discussions（讨论）and all the members talked about their ideas like students in a college. For the light bulb（灯泡）project（项目）, he created a special learning way: They kept detailed records of each failed filament（灯丝）, building a big materials database（数据库）.
When developing the storage battery（蓄电池）, Edison did more than 50 000 experiments over 10 years. His notebooks show countless records of each experiment. “Learning isn't remembering facts,” he told reporters. “It's training your mind to deal with problems.”
Edison's whole life is ▲. When asked about retirement（退休）, he'd say, “I'll stop learning when they nail my coffin（棺材）shut.” Today, his 3 500 notebooks are the strongest sign of his lifelong learning—every page filled with questions, sketches, and the words “Try again tomorrow”.
（
A. He paid no attention to this problem. B. He felt very angry about it.
C. He tried many ways to improve his hearing.
D. He took it as a chance.
（
A. He trusted natural talent most. B. He saw failures as learning steps.
C. He depended on others' help. D. He only trusted textbooks.
（
A. To show he could remember well. B. To show he failed many times.
C. To show his way of dealing with problems. D. To tell his invention cost a lot.
（
A. a fight against life B. a search for his own value
C. a never-ending learning journey D. a series of lucky tasks
Thomas Edison's story shows that true talent comes from endless curiosity. Born in Ohio, the USA, his formal education lasted only three months—his teacher couldn't stand his endless questioning. His mother Nancy became his teacher, offering lessons that included reading, writing, and hands-on experiments（实验）in their home laboratory. By age 10, he had read books like School of Natural Philosophy, and often did experiments as the texts taught.
At 12, Edison took a job selling newspapers on the train. During rides, he changed the baggage car（行李车厢）into a mobile laboratory, studying chemistry textbooks and doing experiments. When his experiments started a fire, the angry conductor（售票员）hit his ears and this caused（导致）his lifelong hearing problem. He didn't give up. Instead, he saw this as an advantage（优势）—learning Morse code（莫尔斯电码）quickly in a few weeks and getting a job as a night telegraph operator. Here, he made his first invention at 16: an automatic telegraph repeater（自动电报转发器）.
Edison's Menlo Park Laboratory became his real school. He filled shelves with over 10 000 scientific books, asking all workers to study each night. His famous “invention teams” held midnight discussions（讨论）and all the members talked about their ideas like students in a college. For the light bulb（灯泡）project（项目）, he created a special learning way: They kept detailed records of each failed filament（灯丝）, building a big materials database（数据库）.
When developing the storage battery（蓄电池）, Edison did more than 50 000 experiments over 10 years. His notebooks show countless records of each experiment. “Learning isn't remembering facts,” he told reporters. “It's training your mind to deal with problems.”
Edison's whole life is ▲. When asked about retirement（退休）, he'd say, “I'll stop learning when they nail my coffin（棺材）shut.” Today, his 3 500 notebooks are the strongest sign of his lifelong learning—every page filled with questions, sketches, and the words “Try again tomorrow”.
（
D
）1. How did Edison deal with his hearing problem?A. He paid no attention to this problem. B. He felt very angry about it.
C. He tried many ways to improve his hearing.
D. He took it as a chance.
（
B
）2. What does Edison's light bulb project show about his learning attitude（态度）?A. He trusted natural talent most. B. He saw failures as learning steps.
C. He depended on others' help. D. He only trusted textbooks.
（
C
）3. Why does the writer talk about Edison's notebook records?A. To show he could remember well. B. To show he failed many times.
C. To show his way of dealing with problems. D. To tell his invention cost a lot.
（
C
）4. Which can be put in “ ▲ ”?A. a fight against life B. a search for his own value
C. a never-ending learning journey D. a series of lucky tasks
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. C
解析
【分析】
做这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每道题的关键词定位原文对应段落，对比原文信息与选项，排除错误选项得出答案。比如第1题抓“hearing problem”定位第二段，第2题抓“light bulb project”定位第三段，第3题抓“notebook records”定位最后一段，第4题结合上下文逻辑和后文“终身学习”的表述分析。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段内容，爱迪生因实验起火被售票员打耳朵导致听力问题，但他没有放弃，反而将其视为优势（机会），对应选项D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段关于灯泡项目的描述，他们详细记录每一次失败的灯丝并建立材料数据库，说明他将失败视为学习的步骤，对应选项B。
3. 推理判断题：根据最后一段，爱迪生的笔记本记录了无数实验，他认为学习是训练思维处理问题，因此提及笔记本是为了展示他处理问题的方式，对应选项C。
4. 主旨大意题：后文提到爱迪生退休都不停止学习，“I'll stop learning when they nail my coffin shut”，说明他的一生是终身学习的旅程，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解，阅读理解推理判断，阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本题围绕爱迪生的终身学习展开，考查学生对原文细节的定位、推理及主旨的把握，难度适中，需学生仔细梳理原文信息，准确匹配选项。
【难度系数】
0.5
做这类阅读理解题，需先通读全文把握主旨，再针对每道题的关键词定位原文对应段落，对比原文信息与选项，排除错误选项得出答案。比如第1题抓“hearing problem”定位第二段，第2题抓“light bulb project”定位第三段，第3题抓“notebook records”定位最后一段，第4题结合上下文逻辑和后文“终身学习”的表述分析。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据第二段内容，爱迪生因实验起火被售票员打耳朵导致听力问题，但他没有放弃，反而将其视为优势（机会），对应选项D。
2. 细节理解题：根据第三段关于灯泡项目的描述，他们详细记录每一次失败的灯丝并建立材料数据库，说明他将失败视为学习的步骤，对应选项B。
3. 推理判断题：根据最后一段，爱迪生的笔记本记录了无数实验，他认为学习是训练思维处理问题，因此提及笔记本是为了展示他处理问题的方式，对应选项C。
4. 主旨大意题：后文提到爱迪生退休都不停止学习，“I'll stop learning when they nail my coffin shut”，说明他的一生是终身学习的旅程，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.D 2.B 3.C 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解，阅读理解推理判断，阅读理解主旨大意
【点评】
本题围绕爱迪生的终身学习展开，考查学生对原文细节的定位、推理及主旨的把握，难度适中，需学生仔细梳理原文信息，准确匹配选项。
【难度系数】
0.5
五、小练笔
What do you think is important to be a good learner? Who once set a good example for you in history and why? (At least five sentences)
What do you think is important to be a good learner? Who once set a good example for you in history and why? (At least five sentences)
To be a good learner, I think the most important is to have strong drive to learn. We should also have good study skills and make study plans. Franklin set a good example for me. He had a great love for science. He was always hard-working and never gave up easily in the face of problems.
答案
To be a good learner, I think the most important is to have strong drive to learn. We should also have good study skills and make study plans. Franklin set a good example for me. He had a great love for science. He was always hard-working and never gave up easily in the face of problems.
解析
【分析】
本题为英语书面表达题，要求围绕两个核心问题写作：一是成为好的学习者最重要的因素，二是历史上的榜样人物及原因，且需至少五句话。解题思路为：先明确成为好学习者的关键要点（如学习动力、学习方法等），再选取合适的历史人物，结合人物优秀品质阐述其作为榜样的原因，最后组织语言形成连贯短文，满足句子数量要求。
【解析】
写作时先回应第一个问题：成为好的学习者，最重要的是要有强烈的学习动力，同时还需具备良好的学习技巧并制定学习计划；再回应第二个问题：选取富兰克林作为榜样，说明他热爱科学，面对困难时始终努力且从不轻易放弃，将这些内容连贯组织，形成符合要求的短文。
【答案】
To be a good learner, I think the most important is to have strong drive to learn. We should also have good study skills and make study plans. Franklin set a good example for me. He had a great love for science. He was always hard-working and never gave up easily in the face of problems.
【知识点】
英语书面表达，人物介绍，观点阐述
【点评】
本题为开放性书面表达题，既考查学生的英语语言组织与运用能力，又引导学生思考榜样的优秀品质，难度适中，学生可结合自身理解完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为英语书面表达题，要求围绕两个核心问题写作：一是成为好的学习者最重要的因素，二是历史上的榜样人物及原因，且需至少五句话。解题思路为：先明确成为好学习者的关键要点（如学习动力、学习方法等），再选取合适的历史人物，结合人物优秀品质阐述其作为榜样的原因，最后组织语言形成连贯短文，满足句子数量要求。
【解析】
写作时先回应第一个问题：成为好的学习者，最重要的是要有强烈的学习动力，同时还需具备良好的学习技巧并制定学习计划；再回应第二个问题：选取富兰克林作为榜样，说明他热爱科学，面对困难时始终努力且从不轻易放弃，将这些内容连贯组织，形成符合要求的短文。
【答案】
To be a good learner, I think the most important is to have strong drive to learn. We should also have good study skills and make study plans. Franklin set a good example for me. He had a great love for science. He was always hard-working and never gave up easily in the face of problems.
【知识点】
英语书面表达，人物介绍，观点阐述
【点评】
本题为开放性书面表达题，既考查学生的英语语言组织与运用能力，又引导学生思考榜样的优秀品质，难度适中，学生可结合自身理解完成作答。
【难度系数】
0.5
