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二、根据课文内容及所给首字母完成下面短文
Is it easy to be an astronaut?
Being an astronaut is exciting, but it is not at all easy. First, when the spaceship 1. t
Let's talk about daily life. Eating in space can be fun. You can have different foods like fruit, nuts, and even seafood. It 3. t
Is it easy to be an astronaut?
Being an astronaut is exciting, but it is not at all easy. First, when the spaceship 1. t
akes
off, it travels very fast. Your body may feel strange at first. You will live in space for a 2. while
, so you need to get used to the life there.Let's talk about daily life. Eating in space can be fun. You can have different foods like fruit, nuts, and even seafood. It 3. t
urns
out that space food is not bad! But working in space is hard. There is no gravity, so everything floats. You can't 4. afford
to make any mistakes because it can be dangerous. Sleeping is different, too. You should 5. stick
your sleeping bag to the wall. This stops you from floating around and 6. hitting
something by mistake. Also, exercise is an important part of your daily 7. routine
. In space, you start losing 8. muscle
, so you should exercise every day to stay strong.答案
1. takes 2. while 3. turns 4. afford 5. stick 6. hitting 7. routine 8. muscle
解析
【分析】
本题为根据课文内容及首字母填空的题型，需结合上下文语境、英语固定搭配、常用句型及语法知识填写单词。解题时先通读短文理解大意，再针对每个空格，结合首字母提示，回忆相关固定短语、句型或语境逻辑，确定合适单词，同时注意单词的形式变化（如第三人称单数、动名词等）。
【解析】
1. 第一空：固定短语take off意为“起飞”，主语the spaceship是第三人称单数，一般现在时，故填takes。
2. 第二空：固定搭配for a while意为“一会儿”，符合“在太空生活一段时间”的语境，故填while。
3. 第三空：固定句型it turns out that意为“结果是，证明是”，主语it是第三人称单数，故填turns。
4. 第四空：固定搭配can't afford to do sth意为“不能承担做某事的后果，即不能做某事”，结合语境“不能出错”，故填afford。
5. 第五空：固定搭配stick...to...意为“把……固定在……”，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填stick。
6. 第六空：固定搭配stop sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”，and连接并列动名词，前面是floating，故填hitting。
7. 第七空：固定短语daily routine意为“日常作息”，符合语境，故填routine。
8. 第八空：结合语境“在太空会肌肉流失”，固定搭配lose muscle意为“肌肉流失”，故填muscle。
【答案】
1. takes 2. while 3. turns 4. afford 5. stick 6. hitting 7. routine 8. muscle
【知识点】
英语固定搭配、英语常用句型、英语语境理解
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语固定搭配、常用句型及语境的综合运用能力，题型常规，涉及的知识点多为初中阶段常见内容，只要掌握相关短语和句型即可准确作答，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题为根据课文内容及首字母填空的题型，需结合上下文语境、英语固定搭配、常用句型及语法知识填写单词。解题时先通读短文理解大意，再针对每个空格，结合首字母提示，回忆相关固定短语、句型或语境逻辑，确定合适单词，同时注意单词的形式变化（如第三人称单数、动名词等）。
【解析】
1. 第一空：固定短语take off意为“起飞”，主语the spaceship是第三人称单数，一般现在时，故填takes。
2. 第二空：固定搭配for a while意为“一会儿”，符合“在太空生活一段时间”的语境，故填while。
3. 第三空：固定句型it turns out that意为“结果是，证明是”，主语it是第三人称单数，故填turns。
4. 第四空：固定搭配can't afford to do sth意为“不能承担做某事的后果，即不能做某事”，结合语境“不能出错”，故填afford。
5. 第五空：固定搭配stick...to...意为“把……固定在……”，情态动词should后接动词原形，故填stick。
6. 第六空：固定搭配stop sb from doing sth意为“阻止某人做某事”，and连接并列动名词，前面是floating，故填hitting。
7. 第七空：固定短语daily routine意为“日常作息”，符合语境，故填routine。
8. 第八空：结合语境“在太空会肌肉流失”，固定搭配lose muscle意为“肌肉流失”，故填muscle。
【答案】
1. takes 2. while 3. turns 4. afford 5. stick 6. hitting 7. routine 8. muscle
【知识点】
英语固定搭配、英语常用句型、英语语境理解
【点评】
本题考查学生对英语固定搭配、常用句型及语境的综合运用能力，题型常规，涉及的知识点多为初中阶段常见内容，只要掌握相关短语和句型即可准确作答，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
三、阅读文段并填写文段后的表格
在阅读之前先思考：Do astronauts need special training before going to space?
If so, what do astronauts need to prepare before they leave? Why do they need such training?
Astronauts train for many years to get ready for long trips in space. This training is important because living in space is very different from living on Earth.
Astronauts begin their training by learning how to live and work without gravity. In space, even simple tasks like eating or sleeping become tricky. To prepare, astronauts practise in huge pools, wearing spacesuits to get used to the movements in space.
Another part of the training focuses on how to operate the spacecraft. Astronauts spend many hours in machines that look like the real spacecraft. These simulators teach them how to control the spacecraft and what to do in emergencies. For example, when the International Space Station suddenly started spinning in 2021, the crew used their training to fix the problem quickly.
Staying healthy is another important part of training. In space, astronauts' muscles and bones become weaker. To prevent this, they do a lot of exercise every day, even in space. They use special running machines and weightlifting equipment designed for zero gravity.
Mental health is equally important. Being away from family and friends for months can be difficult. Astronauts learn to work well with their team members in small spaces. Sometimes they practise by living in remote places on Earth, like underwater stations or deserts.
Finally, astronauts practise communicating with the Earth. They learn how to describe problems clearly and work with the ground team to solve them.
As we prepare for longer missions, like going to Mars, this training becomes even more important. It makes sure that astronauts can do their jobs well and return to the Earth safely.
续表
在阅读之前先思考：Do astronauts need special training before going to space?
If so, what do astronauts need to prepare before they leave? Why do they need such training?
Astronauts train for many years to get ready for long trips in space. This training is important because living in space is very different from living on Earth.
Astronauts begin their training by learning how to live and work without gravity. In space, even simple tasks like eating or sleeping become tricky. To prepare, astronauts practise in huge pools, wearing spacesuits to get used to the movements in space.
Another part of the training focuses on how to operate the spacecraft. Astronauts spend many hours in machines that look like the real spacecraft. These simulators teach them how to control the spacecraft and what to do in emergencies. For example, when the International Space Station suddenly started spinning in 2021, the crew used their training to fix the problem quickly.
Staying healthy is another important part of training. In space, astronauts' muscles and bones become weaker. To prevent this, they do a lot of exercise every day, even in space. They use special running machines and weightlifting equipment designed for zero gravity.
Mental health is equally important. Being away from family and friends for months can be difficult. Astronauts learn to work well with their team members in small spaces. Sometimes they practise by living in remote places on Earth, like underwater stations or deserts.
Finally, astronauts practise communicating with the Earth. They learn how to describe problems clearly and work with the ground team to solve them.
As we prepare for longer missions, like going to Mars, this training becomes even more important. It makes sure that astronauts can do their jobs well and return to the Earth safely.
续表
答案
1. live and work 2. tricky 3. operate 4. how to control 5. what to do 6. exercise
7. weaker 8. work well with 9. Being away from 10. communicating 11. describe
problems 12. work
7. weaker 8. work well with 9. Being away from 10. communicating 11. describe
problems 12. work
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读细节查找题，解题思路是先通读全文，明确宇航员训练的几个核心模块，再根据表格中的空缺，定位原文对应段落，提取匹配的关键词即可。需重点关注每个训练模块的具体内容，对应到表格的空缺处。
【解析】
1. 对应原文第二段第一句“Astronauts begin their training by learning how to live and work without gravity”，可知训练初始内容为学习在无重力下的生活与工作，填live and work；
2. 对应原文第二段第二句“In space, even simple tasks like eating or sleeping become tricky”，可知简单任务在太空变得棘手，填tricky；
3. 对应原文第三段第一句“Another part of the training focuses on how to operate the spacecraft”，可知训练的另一部分是操作航天器，填operate；
4、5. 对应原文第三段第三句“These simulators teach them how to control the spacecraft and what to do in emergencies”，可知模拟器教授控制航天器和应急处理的内容，填how to control、what to do；
6. 对应原文第四段“they do a lot of exercise every day, even in space”，可知为保持健康需做大量锻炼，填exercise；
7. 对应原文第四段“In space, astronauts' muscles and bones become weaker”，可知太空里肌肉骨骼会变弱，填weaker；
8. 对应原文第五段“Astronauts learn to work well with their team members in small spaces”，可知需训练与团队成员良好合作，填work well with；
9. 对应原文第五段“Being away from family and friends for months can be difficult”，可知远离亲友是太空生活的难点，填Being away from；
10. 对应原文第六段“Finally, astronauts practise communicating with the Earth”，可知需训练与地球的沟通，填communicating；
11. 对应原文第六段“They learn how to describe problems clearly”，可知需学习清晰描述问题，填describe；
12. 对应原文第六段“work with the ground team to solve them”，可知需与地面团队合作，填work。
【答案】
1. live and work 2. tricky 3. operate 4. how to control 5. what to do 6. exercise 7. weaker 8. work well with 9. Being away from 10. communicating 11. describe problems 12. work
【知识点】
英语阅读理解细节查找、词汇短语运用
【点评】
本题为基础细节查找题，核心是定位原文对应内容，难度较低，只要认真阅读原文，就能准确提取答案，适合巩固阅读定位能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
本题为英语阅读细节查找题，解题思路是先通读全文，明确宇航员训练的几个核心模块，再根据表格中的空缺，定位原文对应段落，提取匹配的关键词即可。需重点关注每个训练模块的具体内容，对应到表格的空缺处。
【解析】
1. 对应原文第二段第一句“Astronauts begin their training by learning how to live and work without gravity”，可知训练初始内容为学习在无重力下的生活与工作，填live and work；
2. 对应原文第二段第二句“In space, even simple tasks like eating or sleeping become tricky”，可知简单任务在太空变得棘手，填tricky；
3. 对应原文第三段第一句“Another part of the training focuses on how to operate the spacecraft”，可知训练的另一部分是操作航天器，填operate；
4、5. 对应原文第三段第三句“These simulators teach them how to control the spacecraft and what to do in emergencies”，可知模拟器教授控制航天器和应急处理的内容，填how to control、what to do；
6. 对应原文第四段“they do a lot of exercise every day, even in space”，可知为保持健康需做大量锻炼，填exercise；
7. 对应原文第四段“In space, astronauts' muscles and bones become weaker”，可知太空里肌肉骨骼会变弱，填weaker；
8. 对应原文第五段“Astronauts learn to work well with their team members in small spaces”，可知需训练与团队成员良好合作，填work well with；
9. 对应原文第五段“Being away from family and friends for months can be difficult”，可知远离亲友是太空生活的难点，填Being away from；
10. 对应原文第六段“Finally, astronauts practise communicating with the Earth”，可知需训练与地球的沟通，填communicating；
11. 对应原文第六段“They learn how to describe problems clearly”，可知需学习清晰描述问题，填describe；
12. 对应原文第六段“work with the ground team to solve them”，可知需与地面团队合作，填work。
【答案】
1. live and work 2. tricky 3. operate 4. how to control 5. what to do 6. exercise 7. weaker 8. work well with 9. Being away from 10. communicating 11. describe problems 12. work
【知识点】
英语阅读理解细节查找、词汇短语运用
【点评】
本题为基础细节查找题，核心是定位原文对应内容，难度较低，只要认真阅读原文，就能准确提取答案，适合巩固阅读定位能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
