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四、阅读理解 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，在每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Have you ever been to Beijing? Have you ever noticed some houses in the hutong of Beijing? If you see a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides, it is called a siheyuan. Siheyuan is a traditional type of building found throughout China, especially well-known in Beijing.
Siheyuan has a history of more than three thousand years. People first built this kind of building in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The size of the siheyuan was affected (影响) by the owner's social status (社会地位). And the gates were also different. Some gates were painted red while others had door nails (钉).
Facing the yard, the houses in a siheyuan are mostly for different members of a large family. For example, the senior (较年长的人) members usually live in the main house in the north which has good lighting and temperature all year round. The eldest son usually lives in the house in the east while the second son in the west. The houses next to the gate in the south were for servants (仆人) in old times.
With the development of society, some houses have been knocked down, making siheyuan a precious memory of the old Beijing. When you come to Beijing, do visit a siheyuan to experience the real Beijing culture.
(
A. 被推倒 B. 被围绕 C. 被激发 D. 被出租
(
A. It has a very long history.
B. The buildings were built in different sizes.
C. The gates are all painted red.
D. Beijing siheyuan is quite famous.
(
A. The main house in the north. B. The house in the east.
C. The house in the west. D. The house in the south.
(
A. Important objects. B. Chinese artists.
C. Famous cities. D. Traditional buildings.
Have you ever been to Beijing? Have you ever noticed some houses in the hutong of Beijing? If you see a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides, it is called a siheyuan. Siheyuan is a traditional type of building found throughout China, especially well-known in Beijing.
Siheyuan has a history of more than three thousand years. People first built this kind of building in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The size of the siheyuan was affected (影响) by the owner's social status (社会地位). And the gates were also different. Some gates were painted red while others had door nails (钉).
Facing the yard, the houses in a siheyuan are mostly for different members of a large family. For example, the senior (较年长的人) members usually live in the main house in the north which has good lighting and temperature all year round. The eldest son usually lives in the house in the east while the second son in the west. The houses next to the gate in the south were for servants (仆人) in old times.
With the development of society, some houses have been knocked down, making siheyuan a precious memory of the old Beijing. When you come to Beijing, do visit a siheyuan to experience the real Beijing culture.
(
B
) 1. What does the underlined word "enclosed" probably mean in Chinese?A. 被推倒 B. 被围绕 C. 被激发 D. 被出租
(
C
) 2. Which of the following is NOT true about siheyuan?A. It has a very long history.
B. The buildings were built in different sizes.
C. The gates are all painted red.
D. Beijing siheyuan is quite famous.
(
B
) 3. In which house does the eldest son of the family probably live?A. The main house in the north. B. The house in the east.
C. The house in the west. D. The house in the south.
(
D
) 4. What's the main theme of the passage?A. Important objects. B. Chinese artists.
C. Famous cities. D. Traditional buildings.
答案
1-4: BCBD
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，解题思路是结合上下文语境判断词义。根据文中“a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides”的描述，院子被四周的房屋和墙环绕，由此可推测“enclosed”的意思是“被围绕”。
2. 第2题是细节判断题，需要逐一核对选项与原文内容：A选项对应原文“Siheyuan has a history of more than three thousand years”，说明历史悠久，表述正确；B选项对应“The size of the siheyuan was affected by the owner's social status”，可知不同地位的人四合院大小不同，表述正确；C选项原文提到“Some gates were painted red while others had door nails”，并非所有门都涂红，表述错误；D选项对应“especially well-known in Beijing”，说明北京四合院很有名，表述正确。因此选错误的C选项。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，直接定位到原文第三段“The eldest son usually lives in the house in the east”，即可得出答案。
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，文章围绕四合院这种中国传统建筑展开介绍，包括其历史、布局等，因此主题是传统建筑。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据划线词所在句子“a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides”，可知院子被四周的房屋和墙环绕，所以“enclosed”意为“被围绕”，选B。
2. 第2题：
A项：由第二段“Siheyuan has a history of more than three thousand years”可知，四合院历史悠久，A正确；
B项：由第二段“The size of the siheyuan was affected by the owner's social status”可知，四合院大小因主人社会地位不同而有差异，B正确；
C项：由第二段“Some gates were painted red while others had door nails”可知，并非所有门都涂红色，C错误；
D项：由第一段“especially well-known in Beijing”可知，北京四合院很有名，D正确。
因此选C。
3. 第3题：根据第三段“The eldest son usually lives in the house in the east”，可知长子住在东边的房子，选B。
4. 第4题：文章全文介绍了四合院这种中国传统建筑的相关信息，包括历史、布局等，所以主题是传统建筑，选D。
【答案】
1-4: BCBD
【知识点】
词义猜测、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍北京四合院的说明文，题目涵盖了阅读理解常见的题型，考查学生结合上下文理解词义、提取细节信息以及归纳文章主旨的能力。通过做这类题目，能帮助学生提升对说明文信息的捕捉和理解能力，同时了解中国传统建筑文化。
【难度系数】
0.7
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，解题思路是结合上下文语境判断词义。根据文中“a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides”的描述，院子被四周的房屋和墙环绕，由此可推测“enclosed”的意思是“被围绕”。
2. 第2题是细节判断题，需要逐一核对选项与原文内容：A选项对应原文“Siheyuan has a history of more than three thousand years”，说明历史悠久，表述正确；B选项对应“The size of the siheyuan was affected by the owner's social status”，可知不同地位的人四合院大小不同，表述正确；C选项原文提到“Some gates were painted red while others had door nails”，并非所有门都涂红，表述错误；D选项对应“especially well-known in Beijing”，说明北京四合院很有名，表述正确。因此选错误的C选项。
3. 第3题是细节理解题，直接定位到原文第三段“The eldest son usually lives in the house in the east”，即可得出答案。
4. 第4题是主旨大意题，文章围绕四合院这种中国传统建筑展开介绍，包括其历史、布局等，因此主题是传统建筑。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据划线词所在句子“a yard enclosed by a group of houses and walls on the four sides”，可知院子被四周的房屋和墙环绕，所以“enclosed”意为“被围绕”，选B。
2. 第2题：
A项：由第二段“Siheyuan has a history of more than three thousand years”可知，四合院历史悠久，A正确；
B项：由第二段“The size of the siheyuan was affected by the owner's social status”可知，四合院大小因主人社会地位不同而有差异，B正确；
C项：由第二段“Some gates were painted red while others had door nails”可知，并非所有门都涂红色，C错误；
D项：由第一段“especially well-known in Beijing”可知，北京四合院很有名，D正确。
因此选C。
3. 第3题：根据第三段“The eldest son usually lives in the house in the east”，可知长子住在东边的房子，选B。
4. 第4题：文章全文介绍了四合院这种中国传统建筑的相关信息，包括历史、布局等，所以主题是传统建筑，选D。
【答案】
1-4: BCBD
【知识点】
词义猜测、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍北京四合院的说明文，题目涵盖了阅读理解常见的题型，考查学生结合上下文理解词义、提取细节信息以及归纳文章主旨的能力。通过做这类题目，能帮助学生提升对说明文信息的捕捉和理解能力，同时了解中国传统建筑文化。
【难度系数】
0.7
