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体裁：说明文 主题：天气与气候 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：9 min 正确率： /4
新素材·高温风险 A new study warns that millions of Europeans could die from heat-related causes by the end of the century. The study was based on predicted climate activities in 854 different European cities. It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.
Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue(持续) to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise greatly.
The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon(碳) pollution levels. They called for increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gases and develop air-cooling systems in parts of Europe. Without such efforts, places in Italy, southern Spain, and Greece are likely to see large increases in heat deaths related to climate change.
On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.
Pierre Masselot helped lead the research of the environmental effects on human health. “The Mediterranean is a so-called climate hotspot,” he said. “It’s an area that is warming much quicker than the rest of the world. And Malta is right in the middle of it.” The study predicts Malta’s temperature-related deaths will increase by 269 in every 100,000 people by the end of the century.
European officials reported several heat waves have killed thousands of people in recent years. The highest number was in 2003 when about 70,000 deaths were recorded. Among the areas predicted to see the most deaths from future temperature rises is Barcelona, Spain. The study found almost 250,000 people could die from temperature-related causes in that city by 2100.
1. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The study has studied enough real climate activities.
B. Temperatures in Europe are keeping on going up now.
C. About 854 European cities are experiencing hot weather.
D. The whole of Europe will face the danger of hot weather.
2. Which paragraph talks about how to reduce the heat-related deaths?
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraph 5.
D. Paragraph 6.
3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4?
A. Heated.
B. Freezing.
C. Changeable.
D. Comfortable.
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Barcelona will be hit by heat-related deaths.
B. Dangers will come at the end of the century.
C. Millions of Europeans face deadly heat risks.
D. Actions are needed to reduce carbon pollution.
新素材·高温风险 A new study warns that millions of Europeans could die from heat-related causes by the end of the century. The study was based on predicted climate activities in 854 different European cities. It found that hot weather could kill as many as 2.3 million people in Europe by 2100.
Presently, cold weather kills far more people in Europe than hot weather. But the study found that as temperatures continue(持续) to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time. However, heat-related deaths are predicted to rise greatly.
The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon(碳) pollution levels. They called for increased efforts to reduce greenhouse gases and develop air-cooling systems in parts of Europe. Without such efforts, places in Italy, southern Spain, and Greece are likely to see large increases in heat deaths related to climate change.
On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.
Pierre Masselot helped lead the research of the environmental effects on human health. “The Mediterranean is a so-called climate hotspot,” he said. “It’s an area that is warming much quicker than the rest of the world. And Malta is right in the middle of it.” The study predicts Malta’s temperature-related deaths will increase by 269 in every 100,000 people by the end of the century.
European officials reported several heat waves have killed thousands of people in recent years. The highest number was in 2003 when about 70,000 deaths were recorded. Among the areas predicted to see the most deaths from future temperature rises is Barcelona, Spain. The study found almost 250,000 people could die from temperature-related causes in that city by 2100.
1. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The study has studied enough real climate activities.
B. Temperatures in Europe are keeping on going up now.
C. About 854 European cities are experiencing hot weather.
D. The whole of Europe will face the danger of hot weather.
2. Which paragraph talks about how to reduce the heat-related deaths?
A. Paragraph 3.
B. Paragraph 4.
C. Paragraph 5.
D. Paragraph 6.
3. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4?
A. Heated.
B. Freezing.
C. Changeable.
D. Comfortable.
4. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Barcelona will be hit by heat-related deaths.
B. Dangers will come at the end of the century.
C. Millions of Europeans face deadly heat risks.
D. Actions are needed to reduce carbon pollution.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡。
1. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知研究发现气温将持续升高。故选 B。
2. A 段落大意题。根据第三段“The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon pollution levels.”可知本段介绍了通过降低碳污染水平可以减少与高温有关的死亡人数。故选 A。
3. D 词义猜测题。根据语境“On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.”可知斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国的大部分地区与寒冷有关的死亡人数预计将减少，主要是因为低温预计将变得温和和舒适。故选 D。
4. C 文章主旨题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡，并详细分析了不同地区的情况和应对措施。故选 C。
1. B 推理判断题。根据第二段“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知研究发现气温将持续升高。故选 B。
2. A 段落大意题。根据第三段“The researchers said the number of predicted deaths could be reduced if nations are able to find better ways of cutting down carbon pollution levels.”可知本段介绍了通过降低碳污染水平可以减少与高温有关的死亡人数。故选 A。
3. D 词义猜测题。根据语境“On the other hand, much of Scandinavia and Britain are predicted to see fewer cold-related deaths, largely because low temperatures are expected to be moderate.”可知斯堪的纳维亚半岛和英国的大部分地区与寒冷有关的死亡人数预计将减少，主要是因为低温预计将变得温和和舒适。故选 D。
4. C 文章主旨题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究预测本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温而死亡，并详细分析了不同地区的情况和应对措施。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于高温风险的英语说明文，共4道题，分别考查推理判断、段落大意、词义猜测、主旨大意。解题时需：1. 推理判断题需定位原文对应语句，排除与原文不符的选项；2. 段落大意题需快速浏览段落内容，找到对应问题的核心信息；3. 词义猜测题需结合上下文语境分析划线词含义；4. 主旨大意题需梳理全文核心内容，提炼中心思想。
【解析】
1. 推理判断题：定位第二段“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知研究发现欧洲气温将持续上升。A项原文是基于预测气候而非真实气候活动，错误；C项是研究涉及854个城市，而非这些城市正经历高温，错误；D项是部分地区（如南欧）面临高温风险，并非整个欧洲，错误。故选B。
2. 段落大意题：第三段主要介绍研究人员提出的减少高温相关死亡的方法，如降低碳污染、发展冷却系统等，对应问题要求。故选A。
3. 词义猜测题：第四段提到斯堪的纳维亚和英国冷相关死亡减少，原因是低温“moderate”，结合语境，此处指低温温和舒适，对应选项D（Comfortable）。A项“炎热的”、B项“极冷的”、C项“多变的”均不符合语境。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕一项研究展开，核心内容是本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温死亡，分析了不同地区的情况及应对措施。A项仅涉及巴塞罗那，片面；B项表述宽泛，未点明核心；D项是应对措施，非主旨。故选C。
【答案】
B A D C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、推理判断、主旨大意
【点评】
本文为聚焦高温风险对欧洲影响的说明文，题目类型全面，需学生精准定位原文信息、结合语境分析，考查英语阅读综合能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
这是一篇关于高温风险的英语说明文，共4道题，分别考查推理判断、段落大意、词义猜测、主旨大意。解题时需：1. 推理判断题需定位原文对应语句，排除与原文不符的选项；2. 段落大意题需快速浏览段落内容，找到对应问题的核心信息；3. 词义猜测题需结合上下文语境分析划线词含义；4. 主旨大意题需梳理全文核心内容，提炼中心思想。
【解析】
1. 推理判断题：定位第二段“But the study found that as temperatures continue to rise, deaths from cold weather will reduce over time.”可知研究发现欧洲气温将持续上升。A项原文是基于预测气候而非真实气候活动，错误；C项是研究涉及854个城市，而非这些城市正经历高温，错误；D项是部分地区（如南欧）面临高温风险，并非整个欧洲，错误。故选B。
2. 段落大意题：第三段主要介绍研究人员提出的减少高温相关死亡的方法，如降低碳污染、发展冷却系统等，对应问题要求。故选A。
3. 词义猜测题：第四段提到斯堪的纳维亚和英国冷相关死亡减少，原因是低温“moderate”，结合语境，此处指低温温和舒适，对应选项D（Comfortable）。A项“炎热的”、B项“极冷的”、C项“多变的”均不符合语境。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕一项研究展开，核心内容是本世纪末数百万欧洲人可能因高温死亡，分析了不同地区的情况及应对措施。A项仅涉及巴塞罗那，片面；B项表述宽泛，未点明核心；D项是应对措施，非主旨。故选C。
【答案】
B A D C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、推理判断、主旨大意
【点评】
本文为聚焦高温风险对欧洲影响的说明文，题目类型全面，需学生精准定位原文信息、结合语境分析，考查英语阅读综合能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
