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五、核心素养 中华优秀传统文化 阅读理解。
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:文化传播 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Fireworks may seem like a very American tradition, especially on the 4th of July. But fireworks go back many years before the first American Independence Day celebration(庆祝活动), which took place in 1777, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The earliest fireworks can be traced to around 2,000 years ago in China. People then are said to have roasted bamboo stalks(竹竿). The stalks turned black and sizzled(发出咝咝声). The air inside the hollow(空心的) stalks would explode. Baozhu is a Chinese word for "firecracker". It means "exploding bamboo".
Years later, Chinese chemists took fireworks a step further. People filled bamboo shoots with gunpowder. They threw them into a fire pit. Steel dust or iron shavings(铁屑) were added to make them sparkle. In China, these firecrackers were often used in celebrations.
In the 13th century, fireworks spread to Europe. In the centuries that followed, Europeans began moving to North America. So when July 4th began to be celebrated as America's Independence Day, fireworks were part of the plan.
John Adams was the second president of America. He said he hoped the anniversary(周年纪念日) of the country's independence would be marked for years to come by "bonfires(篝火)" and "illuminations(彩灯)".
1. Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly talk about .
A. how to make fireworks
B. how important fireworks are in Chinese culture
C. the story behind the Chinese name of fireworks
D. the beginning and development of fireworks in China
2. Americans used fireworks on July 4th, 1777 to .
A. protect themselves
B. celebrate the first Independence Day
C. show Europeans how to use fireworks
D. remember the second president of America, John Adams
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Gunpowder was put into bamboo shoots to create sparkles.
B. Fireworks spread to America from Europe in the 13th century.
C. The Chinese made fireworks better and used firecrackers for celebrations.
D. Fireworks were first used in the first American Independence Day celebration.
主题群:历史、社会与文化 子主题:文化传播 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Fireworks may seem like a very American tradition, especially on the 4th of July. But fireworks go back many years before the first American Independence Day celebration(庆祝活动), which took place in 1777, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The earliest fireworks can be traced to around 2,000 years ago in China. People then are said to have roasted bamboo stalks(竹竿). The stalks turned black and sizzled(发出咝咝声). The air inside the hollow(空心的) stalks would explode. Baozhu is a Chinese word for "firecracker". It means "exploding bamboo".
Years later, Chinese chemists took fireworks a step further. People filled bamboo shoots with gunpowder. They threw them into a fire pit. Steel dust or iron shavings(铁屑) were added to make them sparkle. In China, these firecrackers were often used in celebrations.
In the 13th century, fireworks spread to Europe. In the centuries that followed, Europeans began moving to North America. So when July 4th began to be celebrated as America's Independence Day, fireworks were part of the plan.
John Adams was the second president of America. He said he hoped the anniversary(周年纪念日) of the country's independence would be marked for years to come by "bonfires(篝火)" and "illuminations(彩灯)".
1. Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly talk about .
A. how to make fireworks
B. how important fireworks are in Chinese culture
C. the story behind the Chinese name of fireworks
D. the beginning and development of fireworks in China
2. Americans used fireworks on July 4th, 1777 to .
A. protect themselves
B. celebrate the first Independence Day
C. show Europeans how to use fireworks
D. remember the second president of America, John Adams
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Gunpowder was put into bamboo shoots to create sparkles.
B. Fireworks spread to America from Europe in the 13th century.
C. The Chinese made fireworks better and used firecrackers for celebrations.
D. Fireworks were first used in the first American Independence Day celebration.
答案
1. D 段落大意题。根据第二段中“The earliest fireworks can be traced to around 2,000 years ago in China. People then are said to have roasted bamboo stalks. The stalks turned black and sizzled.”和第三段中“Years later, Chinese chemists took fireworks a step further.”可知，第二段和第三段主要介绍了烟花在中国的起源和发展。
2. B 3. C
2. B 3. C
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含段落大意题和细节理解题，需通过定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项：
1. 第1题考查2、3段的段落大意，需提炼两段核心内容；
2. 第2题考查1777年7月4日美国使用烟花的目的，需定位原文相关时间与事件；
3. 第3题考查细节判断，需将每个选项与原文内容逐一比对，判断正误。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第二段介绍烟花最早起源于约2000年前的中国，第三段讲述中国化学家对烟花的改进，两段核心为烟花在中国的起源与发展，对应选项D。
2. 第2题：根据原文，1777年是美国第一次独立日庆祝，烟花随欧洲人传入北美，因此1777年7月4日美国使用烟花是为了庆祝第一个独立日，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：A选项，原文提到加铁屑是为了闪光而非火药，错误；B选项，13世纪烟花传到欧洲而非美国，错误；C选项，原文提到中国化学家改进烟花且用于庆祝，正确；D选项，烟花最早起源于中国，并非美国第一次独立日才首次使用，错误，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、段落大意概括、细节理解
【点评】
本文围绕烟花的起源与传播展开，融入中华优秀传统文化（烟花起源于中国），考查学生的阅读信息定位与分析能力，符合核心素养要求，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为英语阅读理解题，包含段落大意题和细节理解题，需通过定位原文对应内容，逐一分析选项：
1. 第1题考查2、3段的段落大意，需提炼两段核心内容；
2. 第2题考查1777年7月4日美国使用烟花的目的，需定位原文相关时间与事件；
3. 第3题考查细节判断，需将每个选项与原文内容逐一比对，判断正误。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第二段介绍烟花最早起源于约2000年前的中国，第三段讲述中国化学家对烟花的改进，两段核心为烟花在中国的起源与发展，对应选项D。
2. 第2题：根据原文，1777年是美国第一次独立日庆祝，烟花随欧洲人传入北美，因此1777年7月4日美国使用烟花是为了庆祝第一个独立日，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：A选项，原文提到加铁屑是为了闪光而非火药，错误；B选项，13世纪烟花传到欧洲而非美国，错误；C选项，原文提到中国化学家改进烟花且用于庆祝，正确；D选项，烟花最早起源于中国，并非美国第一次独立日才首次使用，错误，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. D 2. B 3. C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、段落大意概括、细节理解
【点评】
本文围绕烟花的起源与传播展开，融入中华优秀传统文化（烟花起源于中国），考查学生的阅读信息定位与分析能力，符合核心素养要求，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
