Ⅳ. Reading comprehension.
A

()20. Poyang Lake is .
A. the largest lake in China B. a freshwater lake
C. in Qinghai Province D. in the southern part of Jiangxi
()21. is the deepest freshwater lake in the world.
A. Poyang Lake B. Lake Superior
C. Lake Baikal D. Qinghai Lake
()22. What can we learn from the text?
A. The world's largest freshwater lake is in Africa.
B. Lake Superior is much bigger than Poyang Lake.
C. Poyang Lake is much wider than Lake Superior.
D. Lake Superior is about 616 km wide and about 257 km long.

20.B 21.C 22.B

【分析】
这是一篇信息匹配类的阅读理解题，解题思路非常清晰：我们只需要带着每道题的题干关键词，回到文本的对应板块定位相关描述，逐一比对选项和原文内容，排除和原文不符的错误选项，就能选出正确答案。做这类题不需要复杂推理，核心是耐心找对应信息，避免凭常识想当然选错。
【解析】
20. 定位到鄱阳湖板块第一句原文"It's the largest freshwater lake in China"，逐一核对选项：
选项A：原文明确说明鄱阳湖是中国第二大湖，仅次于青海湖，描述错误；
选项B：原文直接说明鄱阳湖是淡水湖，描述正确；
选项C：原文说明鄱阳湖位于江西省北部，不在青海省，描述错误；
选项D：原文说明鄱阳湖在江西北部，不是南部，描述错误。
因此第20题选B。
21. 定位到苏必利尔湖板块第二句原文"It's the third deepest freshwater lake in the world, after Lake Baikal in Russia and Lake Tanganyika in Africa"，可知苏必利尔湖是世界第三深淡水湖，排在它前面的贝加尔湖是世界最深的淡水湖，对应选项C，其余选项均不符合描述，因此第21题选C。
22. 逐一核对选项：
选项A：世界最大淡水湖是苏必利尔湖，位于北美洲，不在非洲，描述错误；
选项B：对比两湖参数：鄱阳湖南北长约173km，最宽处约74km，苏必利尔湖东西长约616km，最宽处约257km，苏必利尔湖远大于鄱阳湖，描述正确；
选项C：鄱阳湖最宽仅74km，远小于苏必利尔湖的257km，描述错误；
选项D：原文说明苏必利尔湖东西长约616km，最宽处约257km，选项把长宽描述颠倒，错误。
因此第22题选B。
【答案】
20.B 21.C 22.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节查找，文本信息比对
【点评】
本题属于非常基础的信息提取类阅读题，所有正确答案都可以直接从给定文本中定位得到，几乎没有设置理解障碍，适合初学者训练快速定位文本信息的能力，做题时只要仔细对照原文内容，就能轻松排除干扰项选出正确答案。
【难度系数】
0.9

B The World's Oldest Farmers
Ants started farming fungi(真菌) a long time ago.
It's said that people started farming about 11,700 years ago, but there is a much
older "farmer", the ants. Ants started farming fungi millions of years ago, according
to a study in Science.
After an asteroid(小行星) hit the earth 66 million years ago, says the study,
many plants and animals died out. Ants didn't have enough food, so they turned to
fungi for food.
Fungi are tiny living things. They break down(分解) dead plants and animals. So
there was a lot of food for fungi at that time. Ants started farming fungi in their nests
by feeding them with dead leaves so that they could grow. Then they ate the fungi.
Today, some ants still do fungi farming. Scientists have found about 250 kinds of
ants across the USA that build fungi gardens. These ants weed(除草) the gardens.
They also keep bad things away from the fungi so that they can grow better.
COOL FACTS ABOUT ANTS:
Ants are one of the longest-living insects(昆虫). Some can live up to 30 years.
The ant is one of the world's strongest animals in terms of its size. An ant can
carry up to 50 times its own body weight.
Ants don't have ears. They "listen" by feeling vibrations(振动) from the ground
through their feet.
()23. According to the study, when did some ants start eating fungi?
A. 1,000 years ago. B. 1,700 years ago.
C. 11, 700 years ago. D. 66 million years ago.
()24. How do fungi get food?
A. By farming ants. B. By growing new plants.
C. By breaking down dead things. D. By building nests on the ground.
()25. Where did some ants farm fungi according to Paragraph 4?
A. On small asteroids. B. In their homes.
C. In the forest. D. Under the water.
()26. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Ants are the longest-living and strongest insects on earth.
B. Ants started farming fungi long ago and still practise it today.
C. An asteroid hit the earth and destroyed most plants and animals.
D. Ants can carry heavy things and communicate through vibrations.

23.D 24.C 25.B 26.B

【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题时我们可以先圈出每道题干的提问关键词，带着问题返回原文精准定位对应语句，将选项和原文内容逐一比对排除干扰项：细节题直接匹配原文信息即可选出正确答案，主旨大意题需要选择覆盖全文核心内容的选项，不能把单段的局部信息错当成全文主旨。
【解析】
23. 细节理解题：根据原文第三段内容“After an asteroid(小行星) hit the earth 66 million years ago, says the study, many plants and animals died out. Ants didn't have enough food, so they turned to fungi for food.”可知，6600万年前小行星撞击地球后蚂蚁就开始以真菌为食，对应选项D；选项A、B原文完全未提及，选项C的11700年前是人类开始农耕的时间，均排除。
24. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段“Fungi are tiny living things. They break down(分解) dead plants and animals.”可知，真菌通过分解死亡的动植物获取养分，对应选项C；选项A逻辑颠倒，是蚂蚁培育真菌而非真菌养殖蚂蚁，选项B、D的内容都不属于真菌的行为，均排除。
25. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段“Ants started farming fungi in their nests by feeding them with dead leaves so that they could grow.”可知，蚂蚁在自己的巢穴中培育真菌，巢穴也就是蚂蚁的家，对应选项B；其余选项的地点原文均无相关表述，排除。
26. 主旨大意题：全文核心内容是介绍早在远古时期蚂蚁就已经开始培育真菌作为食物，直到现在部分蚂蚁还保留着真菌农耕的行为，附带补充了几个关于蚂蚁的冷知识，对应选项B；选项A、D都只是文末冷知识的局部内容，选项C只是蚂蚁开始培育真菌的背景铺垫，都不能覆盖全文主旨，排除。
【答案】
23.D 24.C 25.B 26.B
【知识点】
细节信息定位，主旨大意判断，说明文阅读
【点评】
本题属于难度偏低的科普类阅读，绝大多数题目都可以通过直接回原文定位原句得到答案，仅最后一道主旨题需要学生区分局部细节和全文核心，提醒学生做题时不要把单段出现的零散信息误判为整篇文章的中心，同时注意区分不同主体对应的行为、时间信息，避免张冠李戴。
【难度系数】
0.8