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一、阅读理解
①Have you ever visited any traditional Chinese gardens? They look like more natural sights than some Western gardens. They have a long history. As early as 1500, there were two main types of gardens: imperial(皇家的) gardens and private gardens. Imperial gardens were for the use of the emperor and his family. Private gardens were built by important officials or rich businessmen. Both types of gardens were built for hunting and resting.
②The Summer Palace in Beijing is one of China's most famous imperial gardens. It covers about 3,000,000 m². Kunming Lake takes up almost three - fourths of the garden's total area. There are over 3,000 ancient buildings and more than 400,000 plants in the garden. You can also see more than 40,000 valuable works from each ancient period. With such a rich collection, the garden is known as the "Imperial Garden Museum".
③As for private gardens, the most famous one is the Humble Administrator's Garden(拙政园) in Suzhou. It has an area of only 52,000 m². It is quite small compared(比较) with imperial gardens, but it's beautiful. When you are standing in any corner of the garden, it all looks like a lifelike picture. And the whole garden looks different in different seasons.
④The traditional Chinese gardens have been designed to look naturally formed(浑然天成). Mountains and waters, trees and flowers, houses and towers are well - organized. They don't look crowded together at all. In fact, Chinese gardens are in some ways very much like traditional Chinese landscape(风景) paintings. The two have influenced and developed alongside one another. Both of them show the importance of nature in Chinese culture.
(
A. The owners of Chinese gardens.
B. The history of Chinese gardens.
C. Two main kinds of Chinese gardens.
D. Two main reasons for building gardens.
(
A. the Summer Palace is very large in size
B. the imperial garden is used by the emperor
C. the garden museum has a rich collection
D. Kunming Lake takes up a lot of space
(
A. The things in the gardens were not formed properly(正确地).
B. The private gardens in Suzhou are famous for their size.
C. They are different from traditional Chinese landscape paintings.
D. They were mainly built for the owners to hunt and rest.
(
(
A. The history and types of traditional Chinese gardens.
B. The influence of traditional Chinese paintings on garden design.
C. The differences between imperial and private gardens in China.
D. The beauty and cultural importance of traditional Chinese gardens.
①Have you ever visited any traditional Chinese gardens? They look like more natural sights than some Western gardens. They have a long history. As early as 1500, there were two main types of gardens: imperial(皇家的) gardens and private gardens. Imperial gardens were for the use of the emperor and his family. Private gardens were built by important officials or rich businessmen. Both types of gardens were built for hunting and resting.
②The Summer Palace in Beijing is one of China's most famous imperial gardens. It covers about 3,000,000 m². Kunming Lake takes up almost three - fourths of the garden's total area. There are over 3,000 ancient buildings and more than 400,000 plants in the garden. You can also see more than 40,000 valuable works from each ancient period. With such a rich collection, the garden is known as the "Imperial Garden Museum".
③As for private gardens, the most famous one is the Humble Administrator's Garden(拙政园) in Suzhou. It has an area of only 52,000 m². It is quite small compared(比较) with imperial gardens, but it's beautiful. When you are standing in any corner of the garden, it all looks like a lifelike picture. And the whole garden looks different in different seasons.
④The traditional Chinese gardens have been designed to look naturally formed(浑然天成). Mountains and waters, trees and flowers, houses and towers are well - organized. They don't look crowded together at all. In fact, Chinese gardens are in some ways very much like traditional Chinese landscape(风景) paintings. The two have influenced and developed alongside one another. Both of them show the importance of nature in Chinese culture.
(
C
)1. What's Paragraph 1 mainly about?A. The owners of Chinese gardens.
B. The history of Chinese gardens.
C. Two main kinds of Chinese gardens.
D. Two main reasons for building gardens.
(
A
)2. The numbers in Paragraph 2 are to show that the Summer Palace is very large in size
.A. the Summer Palace is very large in size
B. the imperial garden is used by the emperor
C. the garden museum has a rich collection
D. Kunming Lake takes up a lot of space
(
D
)3. What can we know about traditional Chinese gardens according to the passage?A. The things in the gardens were not formed properly(正确地).
B. The private gardens in Suzhou are famous for their size.
C. They are different from traditional Chinese landscape paintings.
D. They were mainly built for the owners to hunt and rest.
(
D
)4. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?(
A
)5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history and types of traditional Chinese gardens.
B. The influence of traditional Chinese paintings on garden design.
C. The differences between imperial and private gardens in China.
D. The beauty and cultural importance of traditional Chinese gardens.
答案
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国传统园林有两大类型：皇家园林和私家园林。颐和园是最著名的皇家园林，拙政园是最有名的私家园林。
1. C 段落大意题。根据“As early as 1500, there were two main types of gardens: imperial gardens and private gardens.”可知，第一段主要介绍了中国传统园林的两大类型。故选 C。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第二段列举的数字可知，颐和园占地大约 300 万平方米，园中有 3000 多座古建筑和 40 多万株植物，你还可以看到来自每个古代时期的 4 万多件有价值的作品。由此推知，第二段中的数字是为了展示颐和园非常大。故选 A。
3. D 细节理解题。根据“Both types of gardens were built for hunting and resting.”可知，中国传统园林都是为了狩猎和休息而建造的。故选 D。
4. D 篇章结构题。根据“Have you ever visited any traditional Chinese gardens?”可知，第一段用于引出话题，为第一部分；第二、三段分别介绍了颐和园和拙政园，为第二部分；第四段说明了中国园林在设计方面的共同之处，为第三部分。故选 D。
5. A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国传统园林的两大类型及其历史。故选 A。
1. C 段落大意题。根据“As early as 1500, there were two main types of gardens: imperial gardens and private gardens.”可知，第一段主要介绍了中国传统园林的两大类型。故选 C。
2. A 推理判断题。根据第二段列举的数字可知，颐和园占地大约 300 万平方米，园中有 3000 多座古建筑和 40 多万株植物，你还可以看到来自每个古代时期的 4 万多件有价值的作品。由此推知，第二段中的数字是为了展示颐和园非常大。故选 A。
3. D 细节理解题。根据“Both types of gardens were built for hunting and resting.”可知，中国传统园林都是为了狩猎和休息而建造的。故选 D。
4. D 篇章结构题。根据“Have you ever visited any traditional Chinese gardens?”可知，第一段用于引出话题，为第一部分；第二、三段分别介绍了颐和园和拙政园，为第二部分；第四段说明了中国园林在设计方面的共同之处，为第三部分。故选 D。
5. A 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国传统园林的两大类型及其历史。故选 A。
解析
【分析】
首先拿到这篇事物介绍类说明文，先通读全文明确核心说明对象是中国传统园林，之后逐题对应考点梳理思路：
1. 第1题是段落大意题，优先定位第一段的主题句，提取段落核心表述，排除只覆盖局部内容的片面选项即可得到答案；
2. 第2题是推理判断题，不要被段落里单个数字的指向误导，要整合第二段所有列举数字的共同作用，判断作者罗列数据的整体目的；
3. 第3题是细节理解题，将每个选项逐一返回原文对应位置比对，排除和原文内容矛盾的错误选项，选出表述完全符合原文的答案；
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，先梳理全文段落的逻辑关系：区分总起引入部分、并列分述部分、总结部分，再匹配对应的结构示意图即可；
5. 第5题是主旨大意题，整合全文的核心介绍内容，排除只覆盖局部段落的选项，选出最贴合全文核心的主旨项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第一段内容，开篇引入中国传统园林后，明确点明早在1500年就分为皇家园林和私家园林两大类型，后续内容分别介绍两类园林的属性和用途，段落核心是介绍中国园林的两大主要类别，对应选C。A仅提到所有者、B仅提到历史、D仅提到建造原因，都只覆盖了段落局部内容，不是段落主旨。
2. 第2题：第二段列举了颐和园总面积约300万平方米、昆明湖占3/4面积、3000余座古建筑、40多万株植物、4万多件历代珍贵藏品等多组数据，所有数据共同体现颐和园的规模十分庞大，对应选A。B选项内容和列数据无关，C、D都只对应了局部数据的指向，不是所有数据共同要说明的内容。
3. 第3题：逐一比对选项：A选项和原文“各类景观排布得当完全不拥挤”的表述矛盾；B选项和原文“私家园林相比皇家园林体量很小”的表述矛盾；C选项和原文“中国园林和传统山水画十分相似”的表述矛盾；D选项对应第一段最后一句“两类园林建造的目的都是供人狩猎和休憩”，表述完全符合原文，选D。
4. 第4题：梳理全文逻辑：第①段总起引入中国传统园林，点明其历史和两大分类；第②段、第③段是并列的两个部分，分别介绍皇家园林代表颐和园、私家园林代表拙政园；第④段总结两类园林共同的设计特点和文化内涵，整体为“总-分-总”结构，对应示意图D。
5. 第5题：全文围绕中国传统园林的发展历史、两大核心类别展开介绍，对应主旨项A。B、C都只覆盖了局部段落的内容，D选项没有点明全文核心围绕历史和类型展开的核心内容，不符合要求。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.A
【知识点】
说明文阅读理解，段落大意归纳，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题属于初中英语常规说明文阅读，考点覆盖细节理解、推理判断、段落大意、篇章结构、主旨大意五大核心阅读题型，难度梯度设置合理，既考查学生快速定位原文信息的基础能力，也考查学生梳理文本逻辑、整合全文内容的综合能力，学生容易误选第2题的局部指向选项，需要注意判断作者写作目的时要从整体内容出发，不能被单个细节误导。
【难度系数】
0.6
首先拿到这篇事物介绍类说明文，先通读全文明确核心说明对象是中国传统园林，之后逐题对应考点梳理思路：
1. 第1题是段落大意题，优先定位第一段的主题句，提取段落核心表述，排除只覆盖局部内容的片面选项即可得到答案；
2. 第2题是推理判断题，不要被段落里单个数字的指向误导，要整合第二段所有列举数字的共同作用，判断作者罗列数据的整体目的；
3. 第3题是细节理解题，将每个选项逐一返回原文对应位置比对，排除和原文内容矛盾的错误选项，选出表述完全符合原文的答案；
4. 第4题是篇章结构题，先梳理全文段落的逻辑关系：区分总起引入部分、并列分述部分、总结部分，再匹配对应的结构示意图即可；
5. 第5题是主旨大意题，整合全文的核心介绍内容，排除只覆盖局部段落的选项，选出最贴合全文核心的主旨项。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位第一段内容，开篇引入中国传统园林后，明确点明早在1500年就分为皇家园林和私家园林两大类型，后续内容分别介绍两类园林的属性和用途，段落核心是介绍中国园林的两大主要类别，对应选C。A仅提到所有者、B仅提到历史、D仅提到建造原因，都只覆盖了段落局部内容，不是段落主旨。
2. 第2题：第二段列举了颐和园总面积约300万平方米、昆明湖占3/4面积、3000余座古建筑、40多万株植物、4万多件历代珍贵藏品等多组数据，所有数据共同体现颐和园的规模十分庞大，对应选A。B选项内容和列数据无关，C、D都只对应了局部数据的指向，不是所有数据共同要说明的内容。
3. 第3题：逐一比对选项：A选项和原文“各类景观排布得当完全不拥挤”的表述矛盾；B选项和原文“私家园林相比皇家园林体量很小”的表述矛盾；C选项和原文“中国园林和传统山水画十分相似”的表述矛盾；D选项对应第一段最后一句“两类园林建造的目的都是供人狩猎和休憩”，表述完全符合原文，选D。
4. 第4题：梳理全文逻辑：第①段总起引入中国传统园林，点明其历史和两大分类；第②段、第③段是并列的两个部分，分别介绍皇家园林代表颐和园、私家园林代表拙政园；第④段总结两类园林共同的设计特点和文化内涵，整体为“总-分-总”结构，对应示意图D。
5. 第5题：全文围绕中国传统园林的发展历史、两大核心类别展开介绍，对应主旨项A。B、C都只覆盖了局部段落的内容，D选项没有点明全文核心围绕历史和类型展开的核心内容，不符合要求。
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.A
【知识点】
说明文阅读理解，段落大意归纳，篇章结构分析
【点评】
本题属于初中英语常规说明文阅读，考点覆盖细节理解、推理判断、段落大意、篇章结构、主旨大意五大核心阅读题型，难度梯度设置合理，既考查学生快速定位原文信息的基础能力，也考查学生梳理文本逻辑、整合全文内容的综合能力，学生容易误选第2题的局部指向选项，需要注意判断作者写作目的时要从整体内容出发，不能被单个细节误导。
【难度系数】
0.6
