A
| stop | something | each other | sudden | happen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Some girls and boys were out with their teacher. They were going to a museum. When they were crossing a bridge, they 1 heard loud shouts behind them. The teacher told her students 2. When she heard a cry "Mad(疯的) dog!", she knew what was 3. Before she could do 4, she saw a dog running to them. "Children," said the teacher, "keep close to 5."
| safety | stand | pick up | remember | without |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
At this moment the teacher saw a man. He ran up 6 a gun in his hand. "I must keep the children 7 until the man comes," thought the teacher. Then she 8 before the children so that the dog would meet her first. The teacher pretended(假装) to 9 a stone to hit the mad dog. The man came and killed the dog. When people heard of this, they said, "The teacher was brave. We 10 her forever."
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. suddenly 2. to stop 3. happening 4. anything
5. each other 6. with 7. safe 8. stood 9. pick up
10. will remember

【分析】
这是一篇记叙文类的选词填空题型，解题思路可以按三步走：
1. 先通读整篇短文，梳理清楚故事的核心脉络：师生出行途中遇到疯狗，老师挺身而出保护学生最终脱险的故事，先把握整体主时态为一般过去时。
2. 把题干给出的两栏备选词汇先逐一明确词义、词性，预判可能的变形方向，比如形容词sudden可变为副词suddenly，名词safety可变为形容词safe等。
3. 逐空结合上下文语义、固定搭配、语法规则先筛选出匹配语义的原词，再根据句子的时态、词性要求做正确变形，全部填完后通读全文验证逻辑和语法是否通顺，就能顺利推导出所有答案。
【解析】
我们逐空推导如下：
1. 该空修饰动词heard，需要副词作状语，表达“突然听到喊声”的含义，备选词sudden是形容词，变形为副词suddenly。
2. 此处符合固定搭配tell sb. to do sth.（告诉某人做某事），语义为老师让学生停下，因此填to stop。
3. 空前有was，属于过去进行时结构，表达“正在发生什么”，动词happen变为现在分词happening。
4. 句子表达“她还没来得及做任何事”，语境隐含否定含义，原备选词something要变为anything。
5. 固定搭配keep close to each other，含义为“互相紧靠在一起”，完全符合当时避险的语境，直接填each other。
6. 此处是伴随状语结构，表达“手里拿着枪跑过来”，用介词with表示“带着、拿着”，填with。
7. 固定搭配keep sb. + adj. 表达“让某人保持某种状态”，语义是让孩子们保持安全，名词safety变为形容词safe。
8. 故事整体为一般过去时，语义是老师站到孩子们身前，动词stand的过去式是stood。
9. 固定搭配pretend to do sth. 含义为“假装做某事”，语义是假装捡起石头砸疯狗，直接填pick up。
10. 句末有forever（永远），描述将来的动作“我们会永远记住她”，用一般将来时结构will remember。
【答案】
1. suddenly 2. to stop 3. happening 4. anything
5. each other 6. with 7. safe 8. stood 9. pick up
10. will remember
【知识点】
固定搭配，词形转换，时态辨析
【点评】
本题是初中英语典型的选词变形填空题，以叙事类故事为载体，既考察学生对上下文语义的理解能力，也重点考察非谓语动词、词性转换、动词时态等基础语法点，解题时要注意不要直接照搬原词，要结合句子的语法属性判断是否需要变形，做完后通读校验可以有效降低失误率。
【难度系数】
0.7

B
| drive | from | miss | arrive | be willing to |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Ms Li usually takes the last bus after work. She gets off work at 22:50. The Bus No. 786 she takes 1 at 22:53. This leaves three minutes for Ms Li to walk 2 her office to the bus stop. It is only 200 metres between them. But it isn't an easy job for her, because she is blind(盲的). If she 3 the bus, she has to walk for another ten minutes and cross a busy street to take a different bus.
One of the bus 4 of No. 786 knows about Ms Li's story. He 5 drive the bus a little more slowly to make the arrival time of the last bus at 22:56 for her. And the other drivers do the same thing.
| shout | make | person | look at | rain |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
The three-minute delay(延迟) 6 Ms Li's life much easier. Once on a 7 night, Ms Li left late and walked quickly to the bus stop. "Don't rush. I won't leave you behind!" When she heard the bus driver 8 to her, a warm feeling came into her heart.
When we 9 the small things around us in life, we can find kindness everywhere. Some people put themselves in another 10 shoes and help others warmly.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. arrives 2. from 3. misses 4. drivers 5. is willing to
6. makes 7. rainy 8. shouting 9. look at 10. person's

【分析】
拿到这道题首先先通读整篇短文，明确文章核心是讲述786路公交司机们主动调整末班车到站时间，方便盲人李女士乘车的暖心故事。接下来先梳理给出的两组备选词汇，预判每个词可能的词性变换形式，之后逐个分析空格：第一步先结合空格前后的语义和固定搭配锁定符合含义的备选词，第二步再根据句子的时态、主谓一致、词性修饰规则等对单词进行正确变形，全部填完后通读全文，验证语义逻辑和语法形式是否通顺合理，就能顺利推导出所有正确答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：她乘坐的786路公交车在22:53到达。备选词arrive表示“到达”，句子为一般现在时，主语The Bus No.786是单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填arrives。
2. 句意：这留给李女士三分钟时间从办公室走到公交站。固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”，符合行走路线的语义，故填介词from。
3. 句意：如果她错过这趟公交，她得再走十分钟穿过繁忙街道去坐另一趟车。备选词miss表示“错过”，if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主语是she，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填misses。
4. 句意：786路的其中一名公交司机知道李女士的故事。one of+可数名词复数表示“……之一”，动词drive对应的职业名词是driver，变复数为drivers，故填drivers。
5. 句意：他愿意把车开得稍慢一点，让末班车的到站时间调整为22:56。备选短语be willing to表示“愿意”，主语he是第三人称单数，一般现在时be动词用is，故填is willing to。
6. 句意：这三分钟的延迟让李女士的生活轻松多了。备选词make表示“使、让”，主语The three-minute delay是单数，一般现在时谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填makes。
7. 句意：在一个下雨的夜晚，李女士离开得晚，快步走向公交站。修饰名词night需要用形容词，名词rain对应的形容词是rainy，表示“下雨的”，故填rainy。
8. 句意：当她听到公交司机朝她大喊的时候，一股暖意涌上心头。固定搭配hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”，shout的动名词形式是shouting，故填shouting。
9. 句意：当我们留意生活身边的小事时，我们随处都能发现善意。备选短语look at表示“关注、看向”，主语是we，一般现在时用动词原形，故填look at。
10. 句意：一些人能够换位思考，热心地帮助他人。固定搭配put oneself in another person's shoes表示“换位思考、站在他人立场考虑”，用名词所有格person's修饰后面的shoes，故填person's。
【答案】
1. arrives 2. from 3. misses 4. drivers 5. is willing to
6. makes 7. rainy 8. shouting 9. look at 10. person's
【知识点】
选词变形，固定搭配，名词所有格
【点评】
本题属于记叙文类选词填空题，既考查学生对上下文语境的理解能力，也覆盖了初中英语常见的词形变换、固定搭配等考点。解题时不能只盯着单个空格选词义，要结合前后文的逻辑提示判断匹配的词汇，同时注意时态、主谓一致、非谓语等语法规则对单词形式的要求，避免出现词义选对但形式写错的失分情况。
【难度系数】
0.65

C(2024·江苏南通期末)
| make | one | tool | put | at that time |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
There're some kinds of t 1 for writing. Do you know the history of them?
No one knows exactly who invented(发明) pencils or when it was invented. The 2 record(记录) about pencils was from a book by a Swiss in 1565. He said in the book that a pencil was a piece of wood with lead(铅) inside it. However, pencils weren't popular 3. People liked to write with feather pens better. In 1795, people started using another kind of pencil 4 from graphite(石墨), and it became very popular soon. Later people began to use pens with metal points. But they had to dip(蘸) the point into ink after every few letters. Afterwards, an English man invented a fountain pen that could hold ink inside it. A fountain pen could write a few pages before people had to stop 5 ink in it again. This made people write more quickly.
| as | at first | cross | tradition | because |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
In 1938, two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao Biro and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen. English pilots(飞行员) liked the ballpoint pens very much 6 ink would leak(漏) out when they wrote with fountain pens in airplanes.
China is famous 7 the home of the brush pen. It is among the 8 Chinese "Four Treasures of the Study". It was invented by a general(将军) called Meng Tian in the Qin dynasty. 9, the head of the brush was made from rabbit hairs, and later from the hairs of goats, wolves, chickens, mice and other animals. For centuries, Chinese brush pens have made great contributions(贡献) to Chinese culture. Now primary and middle schools 10 China ask students to learn to write with a brush pen.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1. tools 2. first 3. at that time 4. made 5. to put
6. because 7. as 8. traditional 9. At first 10. across

【分析】
这是一篇介绍书写工具发展历史的短文选词填空题，解题思路如下：
1. 首先通读全文，明确文章核心主题是各类书写工具的发展历程，先梳理题干给出的所有备选词汇，明确每个词的基本含义和可能的变形方向。
2. 逐空结合上下文语义、语法规则、固定搭配三个维度筛选合适的词汇，同时根据句子结构调整词的正确形式，比如名词单复数、非谓语动词、词性转换等，最后代入所有答案通读校验逻辑是否通顺。
【解析】
1. 第一空：句意为“有几种用于书写的工具”，备选词tool表示工具，kinds of后接可数名词复数，因此填tools。
2. 第二空：句意为“关于铅笔的第一份记录来自1565年一位瑞士人写的书中”，备选词one要转换为序数词first，表示“第一的”，修饰名词record，因此填first。
3. 第三空：句意为“然而在那时铅笔并不流行，人们更喜欢用羽毛笔书写”，备选短语at that time表示“在那时”，符合语境时间逻辑，因此填at that time。
4. 第四空：句意为“1795年，人们开始使用另一种由石墨制成的铅笔，它很快就变得非常受欢迎”，此处是过去分词作后置定语修饰pencil，make的过去分词made构成固定搭配made from表示“由……制成”，因此填made。
5. 第五空：句意为“在人们不得不停下来往里面灌墨水之前，自来水笔可以写好几页”，固定搭配stop to do sth表示“停下来去做另一件事”，符合语境，因此put变为不定式形式to put。
6. 第六空：句意为“英国飞行员非常喜欢圆珠笔，因为他们在飞机上用自来水笔写字的时候墨水会漏出来”，前后句是因果关系，备选词because表示“因为”引导原因状语从句，因此填because。
7. 第七空：句意为“中国作为毛笔的故乡而闻名”，固定搭配be famous as表示“作为……而出名”，因此填as。
8. 第八空：句意为“它是中国传统的‘文房四宝’之一”，需要形容词修饰名词“Four Treasures of the Study”，名词tradition要转换为形容词traditional表示“传统的”，因此填traditional。
9. 第九空：句意为“起初，毛笔的笔头是用兔毛做的，后来用山羊毛、狼毛、鸡毛、鼠毛和其他动物的毛制作”，和后文的later对应，备选短语At first表示“起初、一开始”，符合语境逻辑，因此填At first。
10. 第十空：句意为“现在全中国的中小学都要求学生学习用毛笔写字”，across China是固定表达表示“全中国、遍及中国”，因此填across。
【答案】
1. tools 2. first 3. at that time 4. made 5. to put
6. because 7. as 8. traditional 9. At first 10. across
【知识点】
短文选词填空，固定短语搭配，词形转换
【点评】
本题以书写工具的发展历史为载体，既考查学生对上下文语境逻辑的理解能力，也侧重对初中阶段常见固定搭配、词性转换规则的掌握，解题时需要结合前后文的时间线索、因果关系判断，注意区分非谓语动词的不同用法，整体难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6