17. (12分)计算:
(1)$2^2+|-3|-\sqrt{25}$; (2)$-1^2+\sqrt[3]{64}-(-2)×\sqrt{9}$;
(3)$\sqrt[3]{-8}+|\sqrt{3}-2|+\sqrt{(-3)^2}-(-\sqrt{3})$;
(4)$\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{26}{27}-1}+|\sqrt{3}-3|-\sqrt[3]{216}$.
(1)$2^2+|-3|-\sqrt{25}$; (2)$-1^2+\sqrt[3]{64}-(-2)×\sqrt{9}$;
(3)$\sqrt[3]{-8}+|\sqrt{3}-2|+\sqrt{(-3)^2}-(-\sqrt{3})$;
(4)$\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{26}{27}-1}+|\sqrt{3}-3|-\sqrt[3]{216}$.
答案
解:
(1) $2^2+|-3|-\sqrt{25}$
$=4+3-5$
$=2$
(2) $-1^2+\sqrt[3]{64}-(-2)×\sqrt{9}$
$=-1+4-(-2)×3$
$=-1+4+6$
$=9$
(3) $\sqrt[3]{-8}+|\sqrt{3}-2|+\sqrt{(-3)^2}-(-\sqrt{3})$
$=-2+(2-\sqrt{3})+3+\sqrt{3}$
$=-2+2-\sqrt{3}+3+\sqrt{3}$
$=3$
(4) $\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{26}{27}-1}+|\sqrt{3}-3|-\sqrt[3]{216}$
$=\frac{1}{3}+\sqrt[3]{-\frac{1}{27}}+(3-\sqrt{3})-6$
$=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}+3-\sqrt{3}-6$
$=-3-\sqrt{3}$
(1) $2^2+|-3|-\sqrt{25}$
$=4+3-5$
$=2$
(2) $-1^2+\sqrt[3]{64}-(-2)×\sqrt{9}$
$=-1+4-(-2)×3$
$=-1+4+6$
$=9$
(3) $\sqrt[3]{-8}+|\sqrt{3}-2|+\sqrt{(-3)^2}-(-\sqrt{3})$
$=-2+(2-\sqrt{3})+3+\sqrt{3}$
$=-2+2-\sqrt{3}+3+\sqrt{3}$
$=3$
(4) $\sqrt{\frac{1}{9}}+\sqrt[3]{\frac{26}{27}-1}+|\sqrt{3}-3|-\sqrt[3]{216}$
$=\frac{1}{3}+\sqrt[3]{-\frac{1}{27}}+(3-\sqrt{3})-6$
$=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3}+3-\sqrt{3}-6$
$=-3-\sqrt{3}$
18. (10分)求下列各式中的$x$的值.
(1)$\frac{1}{2}x^2-18=0$; (2)$(1-x)^2=25$;
(3)$\frac{1}{3}(x+3)^3-9=0$; (4)$3(x-5)^2=12$.
(1)$\frac{1}{2}x^2-18=0$; (2)$(1-x)^2=25$;
(3)$\frac{1}{3}(x+3)^3-9=0$; (4)$3(x-5)^2=12$.
答案
解:
(1) $\frac{1}{2}x^2 - 18 = 0$
移项得:$\frac{1}{2}x^2 = 18$
系数化为1得:$x^2 = 36$
开平方得:$x = \pm 6$
(2) $(1 - x)^2 = 25$
开平方得:$1 - x = \pm 5$
当$1 - x = 5$时,$x = 1 - 5 = -4$;
当$1 - x = -5$时,$x = 1 - (-5) = 6$;
所以$x = -4$或$x = 6$
(3) $\frac{1}{3}(x+3)^3 - 9 = 0$
移项得:$\frac{1}{3}(x+3)^3 = 9$
系数化为1得:$(x+3)^3 = 27$
开立方得:$x+3 = 3$
解得:$x = 0$
(4) $3(x-5)^2 = 12$
系数化为1得:$(x-5)^2 = 4$
开平方得:$x - 5 = \pm 2$
当$x - 5 = 2$时,$x = 5 + 2 = 7$;
当$x - 5 = -2$时,$x = 5 + (-2) = 3$;
所以$x = 7$或$x = 3$
(1) $\frac{1}{2}x^2 - 18 = 0$
移项得:$\frac{1}{2}x^2 = 18$
系数化为1得:$x^2 = 36$
开平方得:$x = \pm 6$
(2) $(1 - x)^2 = 25$
开平方得:$1 - x = \pm 5$
当$1 - x = 5$时,$x = 1 - 5 = -4$;
当$1 - x = -5$时,$x = 1 - (-5) = 6$;
所以$x = -4$或$x = 6$
(3) $\frac{1}{3}(x+3)^3 - 9 = 0$
移项得:$\frac{1}{3}(x+3)^3 = 9$
系数化为1得:$(x+3)^3 = 27$
开立方得:$x+3 = 3$
解得:$x = 0$
(4) $3(x-5)^2 = 12$
系数化为1得:$(x-5)^2 = 4$
开平方得:$x - 5 = \pm 2$
当$x - 5 = 2$时,$x = 5 + 2 = 7$;
当$x - 5 = -2$时,$x = 5 + (-2) = 3$;
所以$x = 7$或$x = 3$
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