任务驱动1 学习与理解
仔细理解 Grammar Focus 4a 和 4b 中的句子，用 since 或 for 完成下列句子。
1. More than 15 years has passed I became a teacher.
2. I've had a terrible headache I had a cold.
3. John's pet dog, Lucky, has been dead two years.
4. Broadway has been famous the early twentieth century.
5. Mr Zhang is an experienced teacher. He has taught geography over thirty years.

1. since 2. since 3. for 4. since 5. for

【分析】首先明确since和for在现在完成时中的核心用法：since后接过去的时间点或过去发生的动作，for后接持续的时间段。解题时先判断每个句子空格后的内容类型，再匹配对应词汇。
【解析】1. 空格后是过去的动作“I became a teacher”，需用since引导；2. 空格后是过去的动作“I had a cold”，需用since引导；3. 空格后是时间段“two years”，需用for引导；4. 空格后是过去的时间点“the early twentieth century”，需用since引导；5. 空格后是时间段“over thirty years”，需用for引导。
【答案】1. since 2. since 3. for 4. since 5. for
【知识点】英语语法（since与for的用法）、现在完成时时间状语
【点评】本题考查现在完成时中时间状语连词/介词since和for的区分，核心是判断空格后为时间点/动作还是时间段，属于基础语法巩固题，难度较低。
【难度系数】0.3

任务驱动2 运用与实践
总结现在完成时表持续性的用法及延续性动词和非延续性动词的用法,并探讨 for(一段时间)和 since(时间点)的用法。
1.现在完成时表持续性的用法:表示某一动作或状态从某一时间开始并一直持续到,可以和表示持续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是。
2.辨析 for 与 since。

例如:
I've had the book for three years. 我已经买这本书三年了。
My brother has been in the army since 2023.
我的哥哥自2023年以来一直在军队。

1.过去;现在;延续性动词/持续性动词
2.时间段;时间点

【分析】
本题围绕现在完成时的持续性用法和介词for、since的辨析展开，解题思路分两步：1. 回忆现在完成时表持续性的定义：动作从过去某时间开始，延续到现在，需用能表示持续状态的延续性动词；2. 区分for和since的搭配：for后接“一段时间”，since后接“时间点”，结合例句验证，即可得出所有填空答案。
【解析】
1. 现在完成时表持续性的用法：表示动作或状态从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，这类用法要求动词是延续性动词（能表示持续动作或状态的动词），故三个空依次填“过去”“现在”“延续性动词/持续性动词”。
2. 介词for用于引出“持续的时间段”，如例句中“for three years”；介词since用于引出“过去的时间点”，如例句中“since 2023”，故两个空依次填“时间段”“时间点”。
【答案】
1. 过去；现在；延续性动词/持续性动词
2. 时间段；时间点
【知识点】
现在完成时；介词for；介词since
【点评】
本题为初中英语基础语法题，考查现在完成时持续性用法及for、since的核心搭配规则，属于必掌握的基础考点，难度较低。
【难度系数】
0.5

任务驱动3 迁移与创新
探究一般过去时与现在完成时的区别、现在完成时表持续性的用法、how long 句型与 for(一段时间)和 since(时间点)的用法。
用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成句子。
1. He went to the nursing home and (work) as a volunteer there.
2. The movie ______ (begin) for over ten minutes.
3. He (succeed) in climbing to the top of the mountain yesterday.
4. You'd better cook the fish as soon as possible because they have been (die) for some time.

1. worked 2. has been on
3. succeeded 4. dead

【分析】
需根据句子的时间标志或语境判断时态，注意短暂性动词与延续性表达的转换：
1. 句中and连接并列动作，前面went是go的过去式，说明动作发生在过去，用一般过去时；
2. 句中for+时间段表动作持续，需用现在完成时，begin是短暂动词，不能与时间段连用，要换为延续性表达；
3. 句中有yesterday（过去时间状语），用一般过去时；
4. 句中for+时间段表状态持续，die是短暂动词，需换为延续性形容词，构成现在完成时的状态结构。
【解析】
1. and连接并列谓语，时态一致，前面went为一般过去时，故work用过去式worked；
2. for+时间段表动作持续，用现在完成时，begin是短暂性动词，需转换为延续性短语be on，主语the movie是第三人称单数，故填has been on；
3. 时间状语yesterday表过去，用一般过去时，succeed的过去式为succeeded；
4. for+时间段表状态持续，die是短暂性动词，需转换为延续性形容词dead，构成“have been+形容词”的现在完成时结构，故填dead。
【答案】
1. worked 2. has been on 3. succeeded 4. dead
【知识点】
一般过去时、现在完成时、短暂性动词转延续性表达
【点评】
本题考查一般过去时与现在完成时的区别，重点涉及现在完成时中短暂性动词转换为延续性表达的用法，需准确判断时态及动词形式。
【难度系数】
0.5

一、根据汉语或首字母提示补全单词
1. Don't forget to invite your friends at (小学教育的) school to join your bicycle tour.
2. Mary hugged her grandma (温暖地) when she met her grandma.
3. John's grandfather volunteered to serve in the (军队) in World War Ⅱ.
4. Li Mei gave away her old clothes to the c yesterday.
5. He has made great progress s last term. He decides to keep more hard-working.

1. primary 2. warmly 3. army
4. charity 5. since

【分析】本题为根据汉语或首字母提示补全单词的题型，解题时需先明确括号内汉语对应的英语词汇，或结合句意与首字母回忆符合语境的单词，同时注意词汇的词性、固定搭配及语法要求（如时态标志）。
【解析】1. 括号内“小学教育的”对应形容词primary，primary school是固定短语“小学”；2. 括号内“温暖地”为副词，修饰动词hugged，对应warmly；3. “军队”对应名词army，serve in the army是固定搭配“在军队服役”；4. 结合句意“捐赠旧衣物给……”及首字母c，可知为charity（慈善机构）；5. 由现在完成时结构has made及时间状语，结合首字母s，可知为since（自从），since last term是现在完成时的时间标志。
【答案】1. primary 2. warmly 3. army 4. charity 5. since
【知识点】英语单词拼写、固定搭配、时态用法
【点评】本题考查基础英语词汇的拼写与运用，涵盖汉语提示和首字母提示两种形式，侧重核心词汇和基础语法的掌握，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

二、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。
This month, I volunteered at the Color Run in Beijing. It was a wonderful
1. (charity) event. Though I didn't have as much fun as the runners, I learned something 2. (importance).
My job was to give a high five to every runner at the finish line. At first, it seemed easy. When the first runner passed, we reached out and cheered 3. (warm), "Good job!" But as more people came, my arm 4. (grow) sore. To make things worse, it became 5. (hot). Our clothes were all wet and we felt tired. But soon we saw a group of kids running toward us—They were about 6 years old. 6. they could hardly catch their breath, they still kept going with big smiles on their faces. They put up their 7. (hand) and said, "High-five!"
At that moment, I was moved by them—They were so young, but they didn't give up. Suddenly, I felt 8. (I) becoming full of strength. I clapped (拍) their hands, "Well done, little guys".
That's what volunteering means 9. me. It's never easy, but we meet different people and are 10. (touch) by their spirit. Although we don't often see such spirit in daily life, it can teach us a lot.

1. charity 2. important 3. warmly
4. grew 5. hotter 6. Although/Though
7. hands 8. myself 9. to 10. touched

【分析】
本题为英语语法填空题，需结合句子结构、词性变化、时态、逻辑关系及固定搭配解题。解题思路：先区分有提示词和无提示词的空；有提示词的空根据其在句中成分转换为正确形式（如词性转换、动词时态变化等）；无提示词的空结合上下文逻辑或固定搭配填词。
【解析】
1. 空后是名词event，需用名词作定语修饰event，故填charity；
2. something是不定代词，形容词需后置修饰它，importance的形容词是important，故填important；
3. 此处修饰动词cheered，需用副词，warm的副词是warmly，故填warmly；
4. 全文为一般过去时，grow的过去式是grew，故填grew；
5. 语境表“更热”，用hot的比较级hotter，故填hotter；
6. 前后是让步关系，填Although/Though；
7. 主语是they，用名词复数hands，故填hands；
8. 主语是I，反身代词myself，故填myself；
9. 固定搭配mean to sb.，填to；
10. 被动语态be touched，填touched；
【答案】
1. charity 2. important 3. warmly 4. grew 5. hotter 6. Although/Though 7. hands 8. myself 9. to 10. touched
【知识点】
词性转换；动词时态；从句与固定搭配
【点评】
本题考查英语语法填空核心知识点，涵盖词性、时态、从句等，需结合语境分析，难度适中，能有效考查学生的语法运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.5