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七、语法填空
Confucius(551—479 BC) was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu (part of Shandong). He worked 29.
Confucius spent about 13 years 30.
It is clear that Confucius's thoughts will continue 38.
词汇拓展 Can you guess the part of speech and the meaning of the underlined words in
Confucius(551—479 BC) was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu (part of Shandong). He worked 29.
as
an official there but ended up having to leave the state of Lu.Confucius spent about 13 years 30.
travelling
(travel) around the other states, spreading his ideas. And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a 31. healthy
(health) society. However, it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (156—87 BC) that his ideas 32. were put
(put) into practice. In his final years, he returned to Qufu, where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his 33. followers
(follower) in a book called Lunyu. He thought everyone should develop virtues 34. and
always do the right things. To help people understand 35. how
to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren (kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li (ceremony, tradition), zhi (knowledge), and xin (trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duty a person has to 36. their
(they) parents. It means loving, respecting, obeying, and taking care of one's parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of 37. a
peaceful society. And it is the final goal according to his thought. It means social peace.It is clear that Confucius's thoughts will continue 38.
to be
(be) a necessary part of Chinese culture and do something good for our growth.词汇拓展 Can you guess the part of speech and the meaning of the underlined words in
答案
29. as 30. travelling 31. healthy 32. were put 33. followers 34. and 35. how 36. their 37. a 38. to be 39. n. 辩论 40. n. 挫折，阻碍
解析
【分析】
做语法填空时，需先通读全文把握主旨，再结合每个空的语境、固定搭配、语法规则逐一分析：1. 结合固定搭配判断介词或动词形式；2. 根据修饰关系确定所需词性；3. 分析主语与动词的主被动关系确定语态；4. 依据并列结构、疑问词搭配等确定连词或疑问词；5. 结合代词用法确定物主代词等形式。
【解析】
29. 考查固定搭配work as，意为“担任，作为”，此处指他担任官员，故填as。
30. 考查固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填travelling。
31. 考查词性转换，此处修饰名词society，需用形容词，health的形容词形式为healthy，故填healthy。
32. 考查被动语态，主语his ideas与动词put into practice是被动关系，动作发生在过去，主语为复数，故用一般过去时的被动语态were put。
33. 考查名词复数，孔子的追随者不止一人，follower需用复数形式followers，故填followers。
34. 考查并列连词，此处连接两个并列的谓语结构develop virtues和always do the right things，故填and。
35. 考查疑问词+不定式结构，此处表示“如何对待他人”，用how to behave，故填how。
36. 考查形容词性物主代词，修饰名词parents需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their，故填their。
37. 考查冠词，此处泛指“一个和平的社会”，peaceful以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
38. 考查固定搭配continue to do sth，意为“继续做某事”，故填to be。
【答案】as, travelling, healthy, were put, followers, and, how, their, a, to be
【知识点】固定搭配、词性转换、被动语态
【点评】本题为语法填空基础题型，主要考查学生对常用固定搭配、词性变化、被动语态等核心语法知识的掌握，难度适中，需学生具备扎实的基础语法功底。
【难度系数】0.5
做语法填空时，需先通读全文把握主旨，再结合每个空的语境、固定搭配、语法规则逐一分析：1. 结合固定搭配判断介词或动词形式；2. 根据修饰关系确定所需词性；3. 分析主语与动词的主被动关系确定语态；4. 依据并列结构、疑问词搭配等确定连词或疑问词；5. 结合代词用法确定物主代词等形式。
【解析】
29. 考查固定搭配work as，意为“担任，作为”，此处指他担任官员，故填as。
30. 考查固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth，意为“花费时间做某事”，故填travelling。
31. 考查词性转换，此处修饰名词society，需用形容词，health的形容词形式为healthy，故填healthy。
32. 考查被动语态，主语his ideas与动词put into practice是被动关系，动作发生在过去，主语为复数，故用一般过去时的被动语态were put。
33. 考查名词复数，孔子的追随者不止一人，follower需用复数形式followers，故填followers。
34. 考查并列连词，此处连接两个并列的谓语结构develop virtues和always do the right things，故填and。
35. 考查疑问词+不定式结构，此处表示“如何对待他人”，用how to behave，故填how。
36. 考查形容词性物主代词，修饰名词parents需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their，故填their。
37. 考查冠词，此处泛指“一个和平的社会”，peaceful以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
38. 考查固定搭配continue to do sth，意为“继续做某事”，故填to be。
【答案】as, travelling, healthy, were put, followers, and, how, their, a, to be
【知识点】固定搭配、词性转换、被动语态
【点评】本题为语法填空基础题型，主要考查学生对常用固定搭配、词性变化、被动语态等核心语法知识的掌握，难度适中，需学生具备扎实的基础语法功底。
【难度系数】0.5
