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五、阅读理解。
Helping others is a great thing to do. You can learn new things and have fun. You can help people, animals or the environment. It can make you feel good too! How can you help?
Charities are organizations that help others, such as UNICEF and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). You can help charities by giving your time, money or things that you own. You can also help people or places you know.
Volunteering
Volunteering is that you spend your time helping others. Some ways of volunteering are:
Visiting old people to talk to them or help them.
Walking dogs for an animal shelter.
Cleaning up a park.
Fund-raising
Fund-raising is that you collect money to help others. Some ways of fund-raising are:
▲Making cakes or biscuits to sell.
▲Doing a sponsored (为慈善筹款而发起的) activity. For example, your family and friends will give you money if you finish a long walk.
Donating
Donating is that you give your things to help others. Some ways of donating are:
◆Giving your old toys or clothes to a charity that helps sick children or poor people.
◆Giving your old books to a library.
So, what can you do to help others?
()1. Which organization is mentioned in the passage?
A. Orbis.
B. Oxfam.
C. WWF.
D. WTO.
()2. Which of the following is a good way to raise money for a charity?
A. Visiting a sick child.
B. Doing a sponsored walk.
C. Cleaning up a library.
D. Talking with old people.
()3. What does the underlined part “an animal shelter” probably refer to?
A. A house to protect animals from rain.
B. A building to keep animals on display.
C. A home for large and dangerous animals.
D. A place for poor and homeless animals.
()4. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To show ways of helping others.
B. To share personal experiences.
C. To explain reasons for donations.
D. To introduce some organizations.
()5. Where does the passage probably come from?
A. A magazine.
B. A storybook.
C. A travelling guide.
D. A science book.
Helping others is a great thing to do. You can learn new things and have fun. You can help people, animals or the environment. It can make you feel good too! How can you help?
Charities are organizations that help others, such as UNICEF and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). You can help charities by giving your time, money or things that you own. You can also help people or places you know.
Volunteering
Volunteering is that you spend your time helping others. Some ways of volunteering are:
Visiting old people to talk to them or help them.
Walking dogs for an animal shelter.
Cleaning up a park.
Fund-raising
Fund-raising is that you collect money to help others. Some ways of fund-raising are:
▲Making cakes or biscuits to sell.
▲Doing a sponsored (为慈善筹款而发起的) activity. For example, your family and friends will give you money if you finish a long walk.
Donating
Donating is that you give your things to help others. Some ways of donating are:
◆Giving your old toys or clothes to a charity that helps sick children or poor people.
◆Giving your old books to a library.
So, what can you do to help others?
()1. Which organization is mentioned in the passage?
A. Orbis.
B. Oxfam.
C. WWF.
D. WTO.
()2. Which of the following is a good way to raise money for a charity?
A. Visiting a sick child.
B. Doing a sponsored walk.
C. Cleaning up a library.
D. Talking with old people.
()3. What does the underlined part “an animal shelter” probably refer to?
A. A house to protect animals from rain.
B. A building to keep animals on display.
C. A home for large and dangerous animals.
D. A place for poor and homeless animals.
()4. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A. To show ways of helping others.
B. To share personal experiences.
C. To explain reasons for donations.
D. To introduce some organizations.
()5. Where does the passage probably come from?
A. A magazine.
B. A storybook.
C. A travelling guide.
D. A science book.
答案
1. C 【点拨】根据第二段中“Charities are organizations that help others, such as UNICEF and World Wide Fund for Nature(WWF).”可知选 C。
2. B 【点拨】文中“Fund-raising”部分提到两种筹款方式:一是制作蛋糕或饼干出售,二是参与慈善筹款活动。故选 B。
3. D 【点拨】根据 Volunteering 部分中的“Walking dogs for an animal shelter.”可知选 D。
4. A 【点拨】文章开头点明“帮助他人是好事”,随后通过 Volunteering、Fund-raising、Donating 三部分详细介绍了帮助他人的具体方式,结尾还呼吁行动。故选 A。
5. A 【点拨】文章是向读者介绍帮助他人的方法,语言通俗易懂,结构清晰,应出自杂志。故选 A。
2. B 【点拨】文中“Fund-raising”部分提到两种筹款方式:一是制作蛋糕或饼干出售,二是参与慈善筹款活动。故选 B。
3. D 【点拨】根据 Volunteering 部分中的“Walking dogs for an animal shelter.”可知选 D。
4. A 【点拨】文章开头点明“帮助他人是好事”,随后通过 Volunteering、Fund-raising、Donating 三部分详细介绍了帮助他人的具体方式,结尾还呼吁行动。故选 A。
5. A 【点拨】文章是向读者介绍帮助他人的方法,语言通俗易懂,结构清晰,应出自杂志。故选 A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍帮助他人不同途径的说明文，解题时可以先浏览题干明确每道题的考点，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息：第1题查找文中提到的公益组织，直接定位第二段的组织举例即可；第2题筛选慈善筹款的正确方式，直接对应Fund-raising板块的内容比对选项；第3题猜测划线短语的含义，结合“帮忙遛狗”的志愿者活动语境排除不符合逻辑的选项；第4题判断作者写作目的，结合全文核心内容排除仅覆盖局部内容的干扰项；第5题判断文章出处，结合文章主题和各选项的文体特征匹配即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Charities are organizations that help others, such as UNICEF and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).”，可知文中明确提到的组织包含WWF，其余选项Orbis、Oxfam、WTO均未在文中出现，因此选C。
2. 细节理解题：定位到Fund-raising（筹款）板块，文中提到的筹款方式包括售卖自制点心、参与赞助类慈善活动，选项B“开展赞助步行活动”属于文中明确提到的筹款方式，其余选项A探望生病儿童、C打扫图书馆、D陪老人聊天都属于志愿服务范畴，不属于筹款方式，因此选B。
3. 词义猜测题：划线短语所在语境是志愿者活动“为动物收容所遛狗”，animal shelter指收留无家可归、处境困难的流浪动物的场所，A选项仅指给动物避雨的房子、B选项是动物展览场馆、C选项是大型危险动物的居所，均不符合志愿者服务的场景逻辑，因此选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文开篇点明帮助他人是好事，随后从志愿服务、公益筹款、物品捐赠三个维度详细介绍了不同的助人方式，结尾呼吁读者行动起来，核心目的是向读者展示帮助他人的具体方法，其余选项B分享个人经历文中完全未提及，C仅覆盖了捐赠部分的局部内容，D仅覆盖了介绍公益组织的局部内容，都不符合全文主旨，因此选A。
5. 推理判断题：本文主题是科普实用的助人方法，语言通俗易懂，面向普通大众读者，最可能出自公益类生活杂志内容，B故事书以叙事为主、C旅游指南和旅行内容相关、D科学书籍以科普专业科学知识为主，均不符合文章特征，因此选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，主旨大意判断，词义猜测
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础难度的阅读理解题，考点覆盖了初中阅读常见的细节查找、词义猜测、主旨判断、文章出处推断多个题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的阅读能力，也渗透了乐于助人的正向价值观，解题时要注意细节题严格对应原文内容，主旨题要匹配全文核心，不要被局部段落的零散内容误导。
【难度系数】
0.8
这是一篇介绍帮助他人不同途径的说明文，解题时可以先浏览题干明确每道题的考点，再带着关键词回到原文对应段落定位信息：第1题查找文中提到的公益组织，直接定位第二段的组织举例即可；第2题筛选慈善筹款的正确方式，直接对应Fund-raising板块的内容比对选项；第3题猜测划线短语的含义，结合“帮忙遛狗”的志愿者活动语境排除不符合逻辑的选项；第4题判断作者写作目的，结合全文核心内容排除仅覆盖局部内容的干扰项；第5题判断文章出处，结合文章主题和各选项的文体特征匹配即可。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“Charities are organizations that help others, such as UNICEF and World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).”，可知文中明确提到的组织包含WWF，其余选项Orbis、Oxfam、WTO均未在文中出现，因此选C。
2. 细节理解题：定位到Fund-raising（筹款）板块，文中提到的筹款方式包括售卖自制点心、参与赞助类慈善活动，选项B“开展赞助步行活动”属于文中明确提到的筹款方式，其余选项A探望生病儿童、C打扫图书馆、D陪老人聊天都属于志愿服务范畴，不属于筹款方式，因此选B。
3. 词义猜测题：划线短语所在语境是志愿者活动“为动物收容所遛狗”，animal shelter指收留无家可归、处境困难的流浪动物的场所，A选项仅指给动物避雨的房子、B选项是动物展览场馆、C选项是大型危险动物的居所，均不符合志愿者服务的场景逻辑，因此选D。
4. 主旨大意题：全文开篇点明帮助他人是好事，随后从志愿服务、公益筹款、物品捐赠三个维度详细介绍了不同的助人方式，结尾呼吁读者行动起来，核心目的是向读者展示帮助他人的具体方法，其余选项B分享个人经历文中完全未提及，C仅覆盖了捐赠部分的局部内容，D仅覆盖了介绍公益组织的局部内容，都不符合全文主旨，因此选A。
5. 推理判断题：本文主题是科普实用的助人方法，语言通俗易懂，面向普通大众读者，最可能出自公益类生活杂志内容，B故事书以叙事为主、C旅游指南和旅行内容相关、D科学书籍以科普专业科学知识为主，均不符合文章特征，因此选A。
【答案】
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. A
【知识点】
细节信息查找，主旨大意判断，词义猜测
【点评】
本题属于初中英语基础难度的阅读理解题，考点覆盖了初中阅读常见的细节查找、词义猜测、主旨判断、文章出处推断多个题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息的阅读能力，也渗透了乐于助人的正向价值观，解题时要注意细节题严格对应原文内容，主旨题要匹配全文核心，不要被局部段落的零散内容误导。
【难度系数】
0.8
