训练5 体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /10
Your family drove several hours to your aunt's house, and you're ready to lie on the bed in the guest room and get some sleep. But even though you're so t1, sleep just doesn't come. You toss and turn all night. And finally, when you do fall asleep, you wake up j2 an hour later. It's so easy to sleep in your own bed. Why can't you drop off(睡着) here?
Brain scientist Martha Hotz Vitaterna knows all about this p3. "Some researchers call this the first night effect," she says. "People do not sleep well the first night in a sleep lab. There is less slow brainwave(脑电波) activity, m4 not as much time in deep sleep. In animal studies, we see this situation as well."
The fact that this happens in other animals too makes scientists think that b5 sleep in new beds is the result of a very old process inside your brain. It may d6 back to long before we evolved(进化). When you lie in your own bed, your brain knows that it's h7 and that you'll be safe all night long. It can relax and fall into a deep, healthy sleep.
But when you're dozing off(打瞌睡) in a new place, your brain stays active in order to make sure that there are no d8 nearby. It wakes up the rest of the brain to keep you awake. It's not easy to relax and slip into a deeper sleep.
But there's good news: For most people, after just one or two nights in a new place, our anxious brains start to feel safe a9. And finally, we can drop off to a f10 night of sleep. In a way, it's nice to know that our brains are looking out for the rest of us.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

训练5 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在一个新的地方无法安睡的原因。
1. tired 【解析】根据上文“Your family drove several hours to your aunt's house”和空后“sleep just doesn't come”可知一家人开几个小时车到姑妈家，尽管很累，但是睡不着。故填tired。
2. just 【解析】根据下文“It's so easy to sleep in your own bed. Why can't you drop off here?”可知在新的地方睡不好，由此可推知睡着一个小时后就醒了。故填just。
3. problem 【解析】根据上文“Why can't you drop off here?”可知第一段提出了在新的地方睡不好这个问题；根据空前“this”可知应用可数名词的单数形式。故填problem。
4. meaning 【解析】根据语境“There is less slow brainwave activity, m 4 not as much time in deep sleep.”可知大脑慢波活动较少，这意味着深度睡眠的时间不多；分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词is，此处应用动词的现在分词形式。故填meaning。
5. bad 【解析】根据上文“People do not sleep well the first night in a sleep lab.”可知在新的地方睡不好。故填bad。
6. date 【解析】根据空后“back to long before we evolved”可知科学家们认为，在新的地方睡不好是大脑内部一个非常古老的过程所导致的，可以追溯到人类进化之前很久；date back to表示“追溯到”，情态动词may后接动词原形。故填date。
7. home 【解析】根据空前“When you lie in your own bed”可知躺在自己的床上意味着在家里。故填home。
8. dangers 【解析】根据上文“When you lie in your own bed ... that you'll be safe all night long.”和空前“But when you're dozing off in a new place”可知在家时大脑感知到安全，能睡得好，在新的地方大脑保持活跃来确保附近没有危险；根据空前“are”可知应用可数名词的复数形式。故填dangers。
9. again 【解析】根据下文“And finally, we can drop off to a f 10 night of sleep.”可知在一个新地方待上一两个晚上后就能睡得好，由此可知大脑再次感到安全。故填again。
10. full 【解析】根据上文“But there's good news ... our anxious brains start to feel safe a 9 .”可知在一个新地方待上一两个晚上后，大脑再次感到安全，就能睡得好，可以睡一整晚。故填full。

【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章主题是科普“首夜效应”（在新环境难以安睡的现象）。解题时需结合上下文语境、词汇搭配、语法规则（如词性、单复数、非谓语等）逐一分析空格：1. 结合长途开车后的状态与睡不着的结果，填表“疲惫”的形容词；2. 结合新环境睡不好的描述，填表“仅仅”的副词；3. 指代前文提出的“新环境睡不着”的问题，填单数名词；4. 分析句子结构，已有谓语，此处用现在分词表“意味着”；5. 结合前文睡不好的情况，填形容词“不好的”；6. 利用固定搭配“date back to”（追溯到），情态动词后用原形；7. 结合“自己的床”，填“家”；8. 结合新环境大脑的警惕性，填可数名词复数“危险”；9. 结合适应后大脑的状态，填“再次”；10. 结合适应后睡眠的状态，填“完整的”。
【解析】
1. 根据上文“drove several hours”（开了几小时车）和后文“sleep just doesn't come”（睡不着），可知尽管很累却无法入睡，故填tired。
2. 根据下文“ It's so easy to sleep in your own bed. Why can't you drop off here?”（自己床容易睡，这里却不行），可知在新地方睡着仅一小时就醒，故填just。
3. 上文提出“为什么在新地方睡不着”的问题，此处指代该问题，且this后接单数名词，故填problem。
4. 句子已有谓语is，此处用现在分词作结果状语，表“意味着”，故填meaning。
5. 结合前文“People do not sleep well the first night in a sleep lab”（在睡眠实验室第一晚睡不好），可知是“在新环境睡不好”，故填bad。
6. 固定搭配“date back to”（追溯到），情态动词may后接动词原形，故填date。
7. 结合“自己的床”，可知大脑知道是在家中，故填home。
8. 新环境中大脑保持活跃以确保附近没有危险，danger是可数名词，此处用复数，故填dangers。
9. 适应新环境后，焦虑的大脑再次感到安全，故填again。
10. 大脑再次安全后，能睡一整晚，full night of sleep（完整的一夜睡眠），故填full。
【答案】
1. tired 2. just 3. problem 4. meaning 5. bad 6. date 7. home 8. dangers 9. again 10. full
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧、词汇运用、固定搭配
【点评】
本题为科普类说明文完形填空，围绕“首夜效应”展开，考查学生对语篇逻辑的理解、词汇搭配及语法的运用，需结合上下文线索和语言知识解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

训练1 体裁：记叙文 主题：航天与航空 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：7 min 正确率： /10
Known as the “rocket boy”, Yan Hongsen is a primary school student in Shaoxing, Zhejiang.
He started showing 1 (interesting) in space science when he was just four years old. He even gave his classmates a lesson on space science at school.
During the summer break in 2022, Yan became famous 2 his father posted a video on the internet. In the video, Yan pointed out a rocket was 3 (wrong) named in an educational video shown to visitors at a planetarium(天文馆). 4 planetarium corrected the several mistakes and thanked Yan.
In the same year, he met Zhang Yuhua, a key player in China's main achievements in space exploration. From then on, Yan made up his mind 5 (build) his own rocket. He spent 10 months studying and trying and created his first rocket at last.
“That rocket only flew 200 6 (metre) and then started to fall,” Yan’s father said. But Yan didn’t give up. He thought about what was wrong 7 improved(改进) his rocket. In the summer of 2024, he started to build his 8 (two) rocket.
Though people always say school comes first, Yan’s parents still give 9 (they) son more time to follow his dream. And the boy hopes to continue his study on rocket building. He also dreams of 10 (work) in China’s space field in the future.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

训练1 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了浙江绍兴的小学生严弘森对太空科学的热爱。
1. interest 【解析】句意:他四岁时就开始对太空科学感兴趣。show interest in表示“对……感兴趣”。故填interest。
2. after 【解析】句意:在2022年暑假期间,严在他的父亲在网上发布了一段视频后变得出名。根据空前“Yan became famous”和空后“his father posted a video on the internet”可知在他的父亲在网上发布了一段视频后,严变得出名。故填after。
3. wrongly 【解析】句意:在视频中,严指出,在天文馆展示给游客的教育视频中,一枚火箭被错误命名。应用副词修饰动词。故填wrongly。
4. The 【解析】句意:天文馆纠正了几个错误并感谢了严。根据上文“In the video, Yan pointed out a rocket ... at a planetarium.”可知此处特指上文提到的天文馆。故填The。
5. to build 【解析】句意:从那时起,严下定决心要建造自己的火箭。make up one's mind to do表示“下定决心做某事”。故填to build。
6. metres 【解析】句意:严的父亲说:“那枚火箭只飞了200米就开始坠落了。”根据空前“200”可知应用可数名词复数形式。故填metres。
7. and 【解析】句意:他思考出了什么是错误的,改进了他的火箭。空前“He thought about what was wrong”和空后“improved his rocket”是并列关系。故填and。
8. second 【解析】句意:2024年夏天,他开始建造他的第二枚火箭。根据空后“rocket”可知此处应用序数词表示“第二”。故填second。
9. their 【解析】句意:虽然人们总是说学校是第一位的,但严的父母仍然给了他们的儿子更多的时间来实现他的梦想。此处修饰名词son,应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
10. working 【解析】句意:他还梦想着将来在中国航天领域工作。dream of doing sth表示“梦想做某事”。故填working。

【分析】
本题为英语语法填空题型，需结合语篇语境、语法规则及固定搭配完成填空。解题思路：先通读全文理解主旨（讲述航天少年严弘森的故事），再分析每个空格的句子成分，判断所需词性、词形或逻辑关系，最后结合固定搭配、语法规则（如冠词、连词、非谓语动词等）确定答案。
【解析】
1. 句意：他四岁时就开始对太空科学感兴趣。固定搭配show interest in表示“对……感兴趣”，此处需用名词作宾语，故填interest。
2. 句意：2022年暑假，严在父亲在网上发布视频后变得出名。根据语境表时间先后，需用连词after，故填after。
3. 句意：严指出天文馆的教育视频中一枚火箭被错误命名。此处修饰动词named，需用副词，故填wrongly。
4. 句意：天文馆纠正了错误并感谢严。此处特指上文提到的天文馆，需用定冠词The，故填The。
5. 句意：严下定决心建造自己的火箭。固定搭配make up one's mind to do sth表示“下定决心做某事”，需用不定式，故填to build。
6. 句意：那枚火箭只飞了200米就坠落了。数词200后接可数名词复数，故填metres。
7. 句意：他思考问题并改进了火箭。前后为并列动作，需用连词and，故填and。
8. 句意：2024年夏天他开始建造第二枚火箭。此处表顺序，需用序数词，故填second。
9. 句意：父母给他们的儿子更多时间。修饰名词son，需用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
10. 句意：他梦想将来在中国航天领域工作。固定搭配dream of doing sth表示“梦想做某事”，需用动名词，故填working。
【答案】
1. interest 2. after 3. wrongly 4. The 5. to build 6. metres 7. and 8. second 9. their 10. working
【知识点】
固定搭配、词性转换、冠词用法
【点评】
本题为航天主题的记叙文语法填空，考查学生在语篇中运用词汇、语法的核心能力，涵盖固定搭配、词性转换等考点，既贴合学生兴趣，又能提升语言运用能力。
【难度系数】
0.5