一、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空
operate crowd survey spaceship craft
1. The shopping mall was very on weekends.
2. Two will be sent to Mars next year.
3. He is good at making paper .
4. They the spacecraft successfully last year.
5. We'll do a about students' after-school activities.

1. crowded 2. spaceships 3. crafts 4. operated
5. survey

【分析】
本题为用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，解题思路为：先理解每句句意，再结合所给词的词性、句子的语法要求（如词性转换、名词单复数、动词时态、固定搭配等）确定正确形式。
1. 句中be动词后需接形容词，结合句意判断填形容词；
2. 句中数词two后需接可数名词复数，结合句意确定名词复数形式；
3. 句中paper后接名词，表泛指时常用复数，结合句意确定名词复数；
4. 句中时间状语last year提示用一般过去时，动词需变过去式；
5. 句中固定搭配do a...需接名词原形，结合句意确定名词。
【解析】
1. 句意：购物中心周末非常拥挤。be动词后接形容词，crowd的形容词形式为crowded，故填crowded。
2. 句意：明年两艘宇宙飞船将被送往火星。数词two后接可数名词复数，spaceship的复数为spaceships，故填spaceships。
3. 句意：他擅长制作纸工艺品。craft为可数名词，此处表泛指用复数形式crafts，故填crafts。
4. 句意：去年他们成功操作了航天器。时间状语last year提示用一般过去时，operate的过去式为operated，故填operated。
5. 句意：我们将做一个关于学生课后活动的调查。固定搭配do a survey意为“做调查”，故填survey。
【答案】
1. crowded 2. spaceships 3. crafts 4. operated 5. survey
【知识点】
形容词的用法、名词的单复数、动词的时态
【点评】
本题考查所给词的适当形式填空，涉及词性转换、名词复数、动词过去式及固定搭配，是基础题型，需结合句意和语法规则解题。
【难度系数】
0.3

二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 幸运的是，我们及时赶到了车站。
Luckily, we got to the station .
2. 人类将来能在太空中生活吗？
Can humans live in the future?
3. 这个小男孩很快就在床上睡着了。
The little boy in bed soon.
4. 我们班相当多的同学喜欢太空探索。
students in our class like space exploration.
5. 我希望有一天能参观火星。
I hope I can visit Mars .

1. in time 2. in space 3. fell asleep
4. Quite a few 5. one day

【分析】
本题为根据汉语意思完成句子，需结合汉语含义匹配对应的英语固定短语，同时注意时态、名词修饰的正确形式。具体思路：1. 对应“及时”找固定短语；2. 对应“在太空中”找介词短语；3. 对应“睡着了”用固定短语，结合句子时态用过去式；4. 对应“相当多的”修饰可数名词复数选合适短语；5. 对应“有一天”找固定表达。
【解析】
1. “及时”对应的英语固定短语是in time，故填in time；
2. “在太空中”的英语表达是in space，故填in space；
3. “睡着了”用固定短语fall asleep，句子描述过去发生的动作，需用一般过去时，fall的过去式是fell，故填fell asleep；
4. “相当多的”修饰可数名词复数students，英语中用Quite a few，故填Quite a few；
5. “有一天”对应的英语固定表达是one day，故填one day。
【答案】
1. in time
2. in space
3. fell asleep
4. Quite a few
5. one day
【知识点】
固定短语搭配、一般过去时、可数名词修饰
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础的固定短语及基础语法，题型简单，只要掌握课本常用短语和基础时态即可轻松作答，是巩固基础的典型题目。
【难度系数】
0.7

一、短文填空
人与自然——动物助力航空事业发展
problems exploration became live
because influence by unusual
reason study bottom
Since the very beginning of space 1 , scientists have been sending animals into space. The US sent fruit flies in 1947 first. In 2007,a cockroach(蟑螂) named Hope 2 the first animal to have babies in space. Recently,NASA(美国国家航空航天局) has sent a group of 3 animals into space, including 5,000 tardigrades(水熊),also called water bears,as well as 128 squids(鱿鱼).
These animals were sent to the International Space Station(ISS) to take part in new experiments 4 NASA. As space can be a hard place to live,astronauts who go there experience a lot of different 5 . These experiments will help us learn more about how 6 in space.
But why were these animals chosen? There are a few 7 . Tardigrades are very tiny animals that can live in extreme(极端的) environments,like in Antarctica,at the 8 of the oceans,and on the top of tall mountains,according to the BBC. By 9 these animals on the ISS,scientists will be able to see how they live in space.
The squids are also being studied 10 they have immune(免疫的) systems that are like those of humans,according to USA Today. Studying them in space will give us new ideas about how spaceflight will have an 11 on our own bodies.
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
7. 8. 9.
10. 11.
二、阅读理解
人与社会——中国2030年载人登月计划
时文原创 China is holding firm(坚定) to its goal of landing astronauts on the moon by 2030,and has made a schedule of development and testing for its manned mission to the moon.
The coming tests include testing for the Lanyue lunar(月球的) lander,thermal tests(热试验) and maximum dynamic pressure escape tests(最大动压释放试验) for the Mengzhou manned spacecraft, and low-altitude and technology verification flights(低空技术验证飞行) for the Long March-10 carrier rocket(长征十号运载火箭),the China Manned Space Agency (CMSA) said on Thursday.
CMSA spokesperson Zhang Jingbo said that the Mengzhou-1 spacecraft mission will be included in the public logo solicitation campaign(征集活动) together with missions to China's space station. This spacecraft is designed for lunar missions while also supporting the space station missions.
All development and construction(建设) work for the manned lunar mission is proceeding as planned,said CMSA. The important objects,including the Long March-10 rocket, the Mengzhou spacecraft, the Lanyue lunar lander, the Wangyu spacesuit(太空服) and the Tansuo manned lunar rover,have been completed. Also,ground-based construction,such as the launch site,tracking network(跟踪网) and landing site on Earth,is undergoing,according to CMSA.
The mission has seen a lot of successful tests this year. But many new technologies still need to be made sure,and the work is heavy.
1. 新考向 文章出处 The article is probably from a .
A. newspaper B. science fiction
C. travelling magazine D. book report
2. What's the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. The study of Lanyue lunar lander.
B. The tests for the manned lunar mission.
C. The study of CMSA.
D. The construction work.
3. What does the underlined word "proceeding" mean?
A. Achieving. B. Cooperating.
C. Undergoing. D. Canceling.
4. What can we get from the passage?
A. The manned lunar mission will start in 2031.
B. The logo of the mission will be designed by CMSA.
C. The astronauts will drive the Tansuo manned lunar rover on the moon.
D. The Mengzhou manned spacecraft was designed only for the manned lunar mission.
5. 新考向 篇章结构 What would be the best structure of the passage?
A. ①②③④ ⑤ B. ① ③
| |
② ④
⑤
C. ① D. ①
/ | | \ / | | \
② ③ ④ ⑤ ② ③ ④
\ | /
⑤

1-5

一、1. exploration 2. became 3. unusual 4. by
5. problems 6. to live 7. reasons 8. bottom
9. studying 10. because 11. influence
二、
1. A 【解析】根据全文内容可知,这是一篇关于中国载人登月计划进展的客观报道,包含具体的机构发言、任务安排等信息,这类内容通常会发布在报纸上。
2. B 【解析】第二段开头明确提到“The coming tests include…”,随后列举了揽月登月器测试、梦舟载人飞船的相关试验、长征十号运载火箭的低空技术验证飞行等内容,核心是介绍载人登月任务的各项测试安排。
3. C 【解析】根据“The important objects…have been completed”可知,重要项目已经完成;根据“ground-based construction…is undergoing”可知,一些基地建设工作还在持续开展。这些重要项目和基地建设都属于“All development and construction work”。故推断此处指所有的发展和建设工作正在持续开展中。“proceeding”意为“进行;开展”,与“undergoing”意思相近。
4. C 【解析】根据“the Tansuo manned lunar rover, have been completed”可推断,航天员将在月球上驾驶这款月球车。
5. D 【解析】根据文章内容可知,第一段引出中国将坚定推进2030年实现载人登月的目标;第二至第四段分别从登月设备测试、登月任务徽标公开征集,以及各项工作的稳步推进这三方面介绍;第五段是总结,虽然测试工作很成功,但还是任务很重。故全文是总—分—总结构。

【分析】
1. 短文填空：先通读短文理解语境，结合给出的备选词，根据每个空的词性要求、固定搭配、语法规则匹配答案。如第一空需“太空探索”的固定搭配，选exploration；第二空需一般过去式动词，选became等。
2. 阅读理解：先读题干定位原文，逐一分析选项：根据文章体裁判断出处，根据段落核心判断主旨，结合上下文猜测词义，依据原文细节判断选项，梳理文章结构确定篇章结构。
【解析】
一、短文填空：
1. 空格前为space，结合“太空探索”的固定搭配，选exploration，故填exploration；
2. 时间为2007年，用一般过去时，主语为蟑螂，动词“成为”的过去式为became，故填became；
3. 修饰名词animals需形容词，unusual（不寻常的）符合语境，故填unusual；
4. 表“被NASA”，介词by引出动作执行者，故填by；
5. a lot of后接名词，结合语境“经历很多问题”，problems符合，故填problems；
6. how后接不定式构成“疑问词+不定式”结构，表“如何在太空生存”，故填to live；
7. a few后接可数名词复数，reason的复数reasons符合“几个原因”的语境，故填reasons；
8. 固定搭配at the bottom of（在……底部），故填bottom；
9. by是介词，后接动名词，study的动名词为studying，故填studying；
10. 表原因引导状语从句，用because，故填because；
11. 固定搭配have an influence on（对……有影响），故填influence。
二、阅读理解：
1. 文章是关于中国载人登月计划的客观新闻报道，这类内容通常发布在报纸上，故选A；
2. 第二段核心是介绍载人登月任务的各项测试安排，故选B；
3. 前文提到重要项目已完成，后文说基地建设仍在进行，proceeding意为“进行”，与undergoing（正在进行）意思相近，故选C；
4. 原文提到Tansuo载人月球车已完成，可推断航天员将驾驶它在月球上，故选C；
5. 第一段总述目标，第二至第四段分述内容，第五段总结，为总-分-总结构，故选D。
【答案】
一、1. exploration 2. became 3. unusual 4. by 5. problems 6. to live 7. reasons 8. bottom 9. studying 10. because 11. influence
二、1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D
【知识点】词汇运用、阅读理解
【点评】本题为综合题型，涵盖词汇填空和阅读理解，既考查词汇掌握及固定搭配、语法运用能力，又考查阅读理解能力，需结合语境、原文细节及题型技巧解题，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6