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五、阅读理解
The ocean is full of amazing animals. It's also full of plastic. That's bad news for sea animals like deep-diving whales. They can mistake the plastic for food and eat it.
How do whales mix up plastic and food? A team at the Duke University, which has been looking into this question for some years, has recently published their study. It all comes down to echolocation（回声定位）: a natural way that allows whales to "hear" objects in the darkest parts of the sea. There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see. But they can hear by echolocation.
The whales make a sound and then listen. They hear echoes from nearby objects. These echoes allow the whales to hunt. The scientists found that rubbish and sea animals cause similar echoes. To the whales, they "sound" the same. That can trick the whales into eating rubbish.
The scientists gathered objects such as bottles, bags, and rope. All of these have been found in the stomachs（胃）of whales. The team made sounds and recorded the strength（强度）of each echo off these objects. They then compared these echoes to those produced off the bodies of sea animals. The echoes from the plastic things were similar in strength to those returned by sea animals.
Eating rubbish is dangerous for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, preventing food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly（致命的）. Merrill, the lead writer of the study, says, "The plastic impacts animals that are so far away from our daily life. This is really a big problem."
Everyone can play a part in cutting down plastic pollution. "People need to make real changes in their daily life, and then actively help deal with this problem," Merrill says.
（
A. Because the light there is very poor.
B. Because there is too much rubbish.
C. Because their eyes are badly hurt.
D. Because food is far away from them.
（
A. What kind of sounds whales make.
B. How whales mistake rubbish for food.
C. How dangerous rubbish is to whales.
D. What objects scientists find in whales.
（
A. Stores food for.
B. Gives cover to.
C. Prevents whales from.
D. Has an effect on.
（
A. Dangerous Deep Sea
B. Bad News for Sea Animals
C. Changes of Animal Food
D. Sounds from Big Whales
The ocean is full of amazing animals. It's also full of plastic. That's bad news for sea animals like deep-diving whales. They can mistake the plastic for food and eat it.
How do whales mix up plastic and food? A team at the Duke University, which has been looking into this question for some years, has recently published their study. It all comes down to echolocation（回声定位）: a natural way that allows whales to "hear" objects in the darkest parts of the sea. There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see. But they can hear by echolocation.
The whales make a sound and then listen. They hear echoes from nearby objects. These echoes allow the whales to hunt. The scientists found that rubbish and sea animals cause similar echoes. To the whales, they "sound" the same. That can trick the whales into eating rubbish.
The scientists gathered objects such as bottles, bags, and rope. All of these have been found in the stomachs（胃）of whales. The team made sounds and recorded the strength（强度）of each echo off these objects. They then compared these echoes to those produced off the bodies of sea animals. The echoes from the plastic things were similar in strength to those returned by sea animals.
Eating rubbish is dangerous for whales. The plastic can build up in their stomachs, preventing food from passing through their bodies. This can be deadly（致命的）. Merrill, the lead writer of the study, says, "The plastic impacts animals that are so far away from our daily life. This is really a big problem."
Everyone can play a part in cutting down plastic pollution. "People need to make real changes in their daily life, and then actively help deal with this problem," Merrill says.
（
A
）1. Why do whales look for food by sound instead of by sight in deep sea?A. Because the light there is very poor.
B. Because there is too much rubbish.
C. Because their eyes are badly hurt.
D. Because food is far away from them.
（
B
）2. What do Paragraphs 3 & 4 mainly talk about?A. What kind of sounds whales make.
B. How whales mistake rubbish for food.
C. How dangerous rubbish is to whales.
D. What objects scientists find in whales.
（
D
）3. What does the underlined word "impacts" probably mean?A. Stores food for.
B. Gives cover to.
C. Prevents whales from.
D. Has an effect on.
（
B
）4. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Dangerous Deep Sea
B. Bad News for Sea Animals
C. Changes of Animal Food
D. Sounds from Big Whales
答案
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B
解析
【分析】
本题是一篇关于海洋塑料污染影响鲸鱼的阅读理解选择题，共4道小题，解题思路分别为：1. 细节理解题，需定位题干关键词到原文查找对应原因；2. 段落主旨题，概括指定段落的核心内容；3. 词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断划线单词含义；4. 主旨大意题，总结全文核心内容选择最佳标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：题干问深海鲸鱼用声音而非视觉觅食的原因，定位原文第二段“There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see.”，对应选项A“深海光线很差”，故选A。
2. 段落主旨：第三段说明鲸鱼通过回声定位时，垃圾与海洋生物的回声相似；第四段是科学家对比回声的实验，核心是解释鲸鱼如何误把垃圾当作食物，对应选项B，故选B。
3. 词义猜测：划线词所在句前文提到塑料对鲸鱼有危险，此处表达塑料对远离人类日常的动物的作用，“impacts”意为“影响”，选项D“Has an effect on”符合，故选D。
4. 主旨大意：全文围绕海洋塑料对海洋动物（尤其是鲸鱼）的危害展开，选项B“对海洋动物的坏消息”最贴合，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为初中英语阅读理解题，围绕海洋塑料污染的危害展开，考查学生的细节定位、段落概括、词义推断和主旨归纳能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
本题是一篇关于海洋塑料污染影响鲸鱼的阅读理解选择题，共4道小题，解题思路分别为：1. 细节理解题，需定位题干关键词到原文查找对应原因；2. 段落主旨题，概括指定段落的核心内容；3. 词义猜测题，结合上下文语境推断划线单词含义；4. 主旨大意题，总结全文核心内容选择最佳标题。
【解析】
1. 细节理解：题干问深海鲸鱼用声音而非视觉觅食的原因，定位原文第二段“There's little light at those deep parts, so it's too dark for the whales to see.”，对应选项A“深海光线很差”，故选A。
2. 段落主旨：第三段说明鲸鱼通过回声定位时，垃圾与海洋生物的回声相似；第四段是科学家对比回声的实验，核心是解释鲸鱼如何误把垃圾当作食物，对应选项B，故选B。
3. 词义猜测：划线词所在句前文提到塑料对鲸鱼有危险，此处表达塑料对远离人类日常的动物的作用，“impacts”意为“影响”，选项D“Has an effect on”符合，故选D。
4. 主旨大意：全文围绕海洋塑料对海洋动物（尤其是鲸鱼）的危害展开，选项B“对海洋动物的坏消息”最贴合，故选B。
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.D 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意
【点评】
本题为初中英语阅读理解题，围绕海洋塑料污染的危害展开，考查学生的细节定位、段落概括、词义推断和主旨归纳能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
