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五、根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文完整通顺。
Recently, Dong Yuhui's introduction about Shanxi has drawn attention of a lot of people. More and more people show interest i 1 this province. Shanxi Province got its name because of its location(位置)to the west of Taihang Mountains. Shanxi covers an area of 156,700 square kilometres w 2 a population of over 34 million. I 3 capital is Taiyuan City.
History
As the saying goes, "If you want to know about five thousand y 4 of the Chinese history, visit Shanxi. " Shanxi is one of the birth places of Chinese civilization(文明). The early Chinese emperors Yao, Shun and Yu established(建立)capitals and built their empires(帝国)here.
Places of interest
There are a number of natural and beautiful places in Shanxi. For example, Wutai Mountain is one of the m 5 famous Buddhist(佛教)mountains in China. Yungang Grottoes is one of the largest grottoes in China. It is c 6 "Chinese Treasure". These grottoes last 50 years. Pingyao Ancient City was listed as a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO in 1997. The wall of Pingyao Ancient City was built in Ming dynasty. The wall is ten metres h 7, 6,163 metres around, and three to five metres wide at the top.
Food
The traditional food in Shanxi has attracted many tourists around the world. Shanxi is famous f 8 its wheaten food(面食). There are a lot of cooking ways like steaming, boiling, frying or baking. And the shapes are d 9, such as colourful steamed bread, steamed boat-flour rolls, sliced noodles and so on. Even a Shanxi native doesn't have the chance to try all kinds of the fine food.
Since 1949 Shanxi has m 10 more progress. People's daily lives are getting better. Shanxi in the new era(时代)is pursuing(追寻)a dream for the brighter future.
1.
6.
Recently, Dong Yuhui's introduction about Shanxi has drawn attention of a lot of people. More and more people show interest i 1 this province. Shanxi Province got its name because of its location(位置)to the west of Taihang Mountains. Shanxi covers an area of 156,700 square kilometres w 2 a population of over 34 million. I 3 capital is Taiyuan City.
History
As the saying goes, "If you want to know about five thousand y 4 of the Chinese history, visit Shanxi. " Shanxi is one of the birth places of Chinese civilization(文明). The early Chinese emperors Yao, Shun and Yu established(建立)capitals and built their empires(帝国)here.
Places of interest
There are a number of natural and beautiful places in Shanxi. For example, Wutai Mountain is one of the m 5 famous Buddhist(佛教)mountains in China. Yungang Grottoes is one of the largest grottoes in China. It is c 6 "Chinese Treasure". These grottoes last 50 years. Pingyao Ancient City was listed as a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO in 1997. The wall of Pingyao Ancient City was built in Ming dynasty. The wall is ten metres h 7, 6,163 metres around, and three to five metres wide at the top.
Food
The traditional food in Shanxi has attracted many tourists around the world. Shanxi is famous f 8 its wheaten food(面食). There are a lot of cooking ways like steaming, boiling, frying or baking. And the shapes are d 9, such as colourful steamed bread, steamed boat-flour rolls, sliced noodles and so on. Even a Shanxi native doesn't have the chance to try all kinds of the fine food.
Since 1949 Shanxi has m 10 more progress. People's daily lives are getting better. Shanxi in the new era(时代)is pursuing(追寻)a dream for the brighter future.
1.
in
2. with
3. Its
4. years
5. most
6.
called
7. high
8. for
9. different
10. made
答案
1. in 2. with 3. Its 4. years 5. most 6. called 7. high 8. for 9. different 10. made
解析
【分析】
做这类首字母填空的题目，首先第一步要通读全文，明确语篇主题是介绍山西省的基本概况、历史、景点、美食和发展，对整体内容有大致认知。接下来逐空分析：先观察空格前后的词汇，优先回忆对应的固定搭配，再结合句子语法结构、上下文语义，匹配给出的首字母提示推导答案，填完所有空后再通读全文检查语句是否通顺、逻辑是否合理即可。
【解析】
1. 空格前是固定结构show interest，搭配介词in表示“对……感兴趣”，首字母为i，因此填in。
2. 本句要表达山西占地156700平方公里，同时拥有超过3400万人口，介词with可表伴随含义“带有、拥有”，首字母为w，因此填with。
3. 前文指代山西，空格后接名词capital（省会），需要形容词性物主代词表示“它的”，指代山西省的，句首首字母大写，首字母为I，因此填Its。
4. 空格前是five thousand（五千），语境表示“五千年的中国历史”，year是可数名词，大于1的数词后要接可数名词复数，首字母为y，因此填years。
5. 固定结构one of + the + 形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最……的之一”，famous的最高级形式为most famous，首字母为m，因此填most。
6. 本句表达“它被叫做中国瑰宝”，是被动语态结构“be+过去分词”，call表示“称呼、叫做”，过去分词为called，首字母为c，因此填called。
7. 本句描述平遥古城墙的参数，表达“墙高10米”，用“数词+计量单位+形容词”的结构表述高度，首字母为h，因此填high。
8. 固定搭配be famous for表示“因……而闻名”，此处指山西因面食出名，首字母为f，因此填for。
9. 后文列举了多种不同样式的面食，说明面食的形状是不一样的，形容词different表示“不同的”，首字母为d，因此填different。
10. 本句是现在完成时结构“has+过去分词”，固定搭配make progress表示“取得进步”，make的过去分词为made，首字母为m，因此填made。
【答案】
1. in 2. with 3. Its 4. years 5. most 6. called 7. high 8. for 9. different 10. made
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，形容词最高级，被动语态
【点评】
本题选取介绍山西的热点语篇，兼具文化科普性，考察的知识点都是初中英语核心基础内容，大部分空格都对应课内学过的高频固定搭配，剩余空格也只需要结合基础语法规则和上下文语义就能推导，难度适中，能有效检验学生的语篇理解能力和基础词汇语法掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.7
做这类首字母填空的题目，首先第一步要通读全文，明确语篇主题是介绍山西省的基本概况、历史、景点、美食和发展，对整体内容有大致认知。接下来逐空分析：先观察空格前后的词汇，优先回忆对应的固定搭配，再结合句子语法结构、上下文语义，匹配给出的首字母提示推导答案，填完所有空后再通读全文检查语句是否通顺、逻辑是否合理即可。
【解析】
1. 空格前是固定结构show interest，搭配介词in表示“对……感兴趣”，首字母为i，因此填in。
2. 本句要表达山西占地156700平方公里，同时拥有超过3400万人口，介词with可表伴随含义“带有、拥有”，首字母为w，因此填with。
3. 前文指代山西，空格后接名词capital（省会），需要形容词性物主代词表示“它的”，指代山西省的，句首首字母大写，首字母为I，因此填Its。
4. 空格前是five thousand（五千），语境表示“五千年的中国历史”，year是可数名词，大于1的数词后要接可数名词复数，首字母为y，因此填years。
5. 固定结构one of + the + 形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最……的之一”，famous的最高级形式为most famous，首字母为m，因此填most。
6. 本句表达“它被叫做中国瑰宝”，是被动语态结构“be+过去分词”，call表示“称呼、叫做”，过去分词为called，首字母为c，因此填called。
7. 本句描述平遥古城墙的参数，表达“墙高10米”，用“数词+计量单位+形容词”的结构表述高度，首字母为h，因此填high。
8. 固定搭配be famous for表示“因……而闻名”，此处指山西因面食出名，首字母为f，因此填for。
9. 后文列举了多种不同样式的面食，说明面食的形状是不一样的，形容词different表示“不同的”，首字母为d，因此填different。
10. 本句是现在完成时结构“has+过去分词”，固定搭配make progress表示“取得进步”，make的过去分词为made，首字母为m，因此填made。
【答案】
1. in 2. with 3. Its 4. years 5. most 6. called 7. high 8. for 9. different 10. made
【知识点】
固定短语搭配，形容词最高级，被动语态
【点评】
本题选取介绍山西的热点语篇，兼具文化科普性，考察的知识点都是初中英语核心基础内容，大部分空格都对应课内学过的高频固定搭配，剩余空格也只需要结合基础语法规则和上下文语义就能推导，难度适中，能有效检验学生的语篇理解能力和基础词汇语法掌握程度。
【难度系数】
0.7
六、阅读理解。
Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth's surface, there's still a lot we don't know about them. We only know about 20 percent of the seafloor and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some scientists even think that humans haven't yet discovered(发现)91 percent of sea animals.
So why do we know so little about the deep sea? Well, getting to those depths(深处)is very difficult. It requires quite high technology. People built the first navigable submarine(可航行的潜水艇)in 1620, but it couldn't go more than five meters below the surface. In fact, for a long time many scientists didn't even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters. They also didn't see much need to explore(探索)the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862. With the help of a digging machine, scientists discovered life as far down as 945 meters below sea level. Ten years later, they discovered around 4,700 species(物种)unknown before from the ocean floor.
Since then, people began to develop high technology to help explore the deep sea, including satellites(卫星). But why is it so difficult to explore the deep sea? Well, at greater depths it is freezing(极冷的), everything is completely dark, and the pressure(压力)can be very great.
Though we have the difficulties, it's important to understand the seas. They help control(控制)the earth's temperature and produce half of the oxygen in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate change. For our future, we have to really understand what is ongoing below the surface.
(
A. To introduce how important oceans are.
B. To discuss why people didn't find out sea animals.
C. To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth.
D. To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans.
(
A. High technology.
B. Unknown species.
C. The environment.
D. Enough information.
(
A. Sea animals.
B. The seas.
C. The satellites.
D. Many scientists.
(
A. It is difficult to build a navigable submarine.
B. The seas have no lives at a depth of 945 meters.
C. It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think.
D. The seas plays a key part in the natural environment.
(
A. The Secrets of the Deep Sea
B. Unknown sea animals in the Deep Sea
C. Deep-Sea Exploration：Into the Freezing Depths
D. Deep-Sea Exploration：The Past and the Future
Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth's surface, there's still a lot we don't know about them. We only know about 20 percent of the seafloor and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some scientists even think that humans haven't yet discovered(发现)91 percent of sea animals.
So why do we know so little about the deep sea? Well, getting to those depths(深处)is very difficult. It requires quite high technology. People built the first navigable submarine(可航行的潜水艇)in 1620, but it couldn't go more than five meters below the surface. In fact, for a long time many scientists didn't even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters. They also didn't see much need to explore(探索)the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862. With the help of a digging machine, scientists discovered life as far down as 945 meters below sea level. Ten years later, they discovered around 4,700 species(物种)unknown before from the ocean floor.
Since then, people began to develop high technology to help explore the deep sea, including satellites(卫星). But why is it so difficult to explore the deep sea? Well, at greater depths it is freezing(极冷的), everything is completely dark, and the pressure(压力)can be very great.
Though we have the difficulties, it's important to understand the seas. They help control(控制)the earth's temperature and produce half of the oxygen in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate change. For our future, we have to really understand what is ongoing below the surface.
(
D
)1. Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1?A. To introduce how important oceans are.
B. To discuss why people didn't find out sea animals.
C. To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth.
D. To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans.
(
A
)2. What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea?A. High technology.
B. Unknown species.
C. The environment.
D. Enough information.
(
B
)3. What does the underlined word "They" in the last paragraph refer to?A. Sea animals.
B. The seas.
C. The satellites.
D. Many scientists.
(
D
)4. What can we learn from the passage?A. It is difficult to build a navigable submarine.
B. The seas have no lives at a depth of 945 meters.
C. It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think.
D. The seas plays a key part in the natural environment.
(
C
)5. What could be the best title for the passage?A. The Secrets of the Deep Sea
B. Unknown sea animals in the Deep Sea
C. Deep-Sea Exploration：Into the Freezing Depths
D. Deep-Sea Exploration：The Past and the Future
答案
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
解析
【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文把握核心主题是深海探索的相关内容，之后逐题回到原文定位对应信息：第1题定位第一段所有数字的共同表达目的，第2题定位深海探索发生转变的驱动因素，第3题往前找代词的指代对象，第4题逐一比对选项和原文细节排除错误项，第5题结合全文核心内容筛选最贴合的标题，就能顺利得出所有答案。
【解析】
1. 第一段列出的“海洋覆盖71%地球表面、人类仅了解20%海床、91%海洋动物尚未被发现”这些数据，都是为了佐证开篇提到的“人类对海洋仍有大量未知”的核心表述，目的是说明我们对海洋的了解非常少，A选项第一段未提及海洋的重要性，B选项第一段没有讨论没发现海洋动物的原因，C选项只对应了“海洋覆盖大面积地表”这一个数据，无法覆盖所有数字的作用，因此选D。
2. 原文第二段提到早期潜水艇技术水平极低，很长时间里科学家也没有探索深海的需求，1862年依托挖掘机器取得新发现后，第三段明确说明人们开始研发各类高科技辅助深海探索，是技术的进步推动了深海探索的转变，因此选A。
3. 划线词They所在句的前一句核心表述为“了解海洋是非常重要的”，后文描述“它们控制地球温度、产出空气中一半的氧气”，完全符合海洋的功能属性，因此They指代的是the seas，选B。
4. 细节判断：A选项原文仅提到1620年造出第一艘可航行潜水艇，没有提及建造潜水艇难度很高；B选项原文明确说明科学家在945米深处发现了生命，该表述错误；C选项原文多处强调探索深海的难度极大，该表述错误；D选项海洋可以调节温度、产出氧气、提供气候变化相关信息，说明它在自然环境中起到关键作用，表述正确，因此选D。
5. 全文既介绍了深海极寒、完全黑暗、压力极大的极端环境，也梳理了深海探索的发展历程，点明了探索深海的价值，C选项最贴合全文核心内容，A选项仅提深海秘密过于宽泛，B选项只聚焦未知海洋动物过于片面，D选项没有突出文中重点强调的深海极端环境探索的核心，因此选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，代词指代推断，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
这是一篇介绍深海探索的科普说明文，题型覆盖了初中英语阅读常考的细节理解、指代判断、标题选择类题型，干扰选项的迷惑性适中，学生只要能准确定位原文对应信息，就能排除错误选项得出正确答案，能有效锻炼学生的文本信息提取能力。
【难度系数】
0.65
做这篇阅读理解时，首先先通读全文把握核心主题是深海探索的相关内容，之后逐题回到原文定位对应信息：第1题定位第一段所有数字的共同表达目的，第2题定位深海探索发生转变的驱动因素，第3题往前找代词的指代对象，第4题逐一比对选项和原文细节排除错误项，第5题结合全文核心内容筛选最贴合的标题，就能顺利得出所有答案。
【解析】
1. 第一段列出的“海洋覆盖71%地球表面、人类仅了解20%海床、91%海洋动物尚未被发现”这些数据，都是为了佐证开篇提到的“人类对海洋仍有大量未知”的核心表述，目的是说明我们对海洋的了解非常少，A选项第一段未提及海洋的重要性，B选项第一段没有讨论没发现海洋动物的原因，C选项只对应了“海洋覆盖大面积地表”这一个数据，无法覆盖所有数字的作用，因此选D。
2. 原文第二段提到早期潜水艇技术水平极低，很长时间里科学家也没有探索深海的需求，1862年依托挖掘机器取得新发现后，第三段明确说明人们开始研发各类高科技辅助深海探索，是技术的进步推动了深海探索的转变，因此选A。
3. 划线词They所在句的前一句核心表述为“了解海洋是非常重要的”，后文描述“它们控制地球温度、产出空气中一半的氧气”，完全符合海洋的功能属性，因此They指代的是the seas，选B。
4. 细节判断：A选项原文仅提到1620年造出第一艘可航行潜水艇，没有提及建造潜水艇难度很高；B选项原文明确说明科学家在945米深处发现了生命，该表述错误；C选项原文多处强调探索深海的难度极大，该表述错误；D选项海洋可以调节温度、产出氧气、提供气候变化相关信息，说明它在自然环境中起到关键作用，表述正确，因此选D。
5. 全文既介绍了深海极寒、完全黑暗、压力极大的极端环境，也梳理了深海探索的发展历程，点明了探索深海的价值，C选项最贴合全文核心内容，A选项仅提深海秘密过于宽泛，B选项只聚焦未知海洋动物过于片面，D选项没有突出文中重点强调的深海极端环境探索的核心，因此选C。
【答案】
1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
细节信息查找，代词指代推断，主旨大意归纳
【点评】
这是一篇介绍深海探索的科普说明文，题型覆盖了初中英语阅读常考的细节理解、指代判断、标题选择类题型，干扰选项的迷惑性适中，学生只要能准确定位原文对应信息，就能排除错误选项得出正确答案，能有效锻炼学生的文本信息提取能力。
【难度系数】
0.65
