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体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 8 min 正确率: /4
新素材·深海发现 "Can anything really live there?" Many people ask this question when they think of the deepest parts of the ocean. Deep in trenches(海沟) nearly 9,000 metres under the sea, there's no sunlight. The pressure can be about 1,000 times higher than at the surface, and the temperature is only 1−4℃. For years, scientists have believed such an environment on Earth cannot support life.
This idea seems reasonable. In most known ecosystems, sunlight is the starting point of the food chain. Microorganisms(微生物) and plants use sunlight to produce energy, and small animals get energy by feeding on them. Larger animals then depend on these smaller ones. Without sunlight, the food chain can't start. Scientists believe that unusually high pressure can harm cells(细胞) and make it hard for life to stay alive.
However, this idea started to change after Du Mengran, a Chinese scientist, and her team carried out their deep-sea research. These Chinese scientists were the first to discover amazing living things in the darkest and deepest parts of the ocean. These living things don't depend on sunlight. Instead, they get energy from chemicals found in the deep sea. The discovery shows that life on Earth can live in ways scientists have never imagined.
Their way of getting energy is called chemosynthesis, a process that deep-sea animals use to make energy in darkness. Unlike photosynthesis, which depends on sunlight, chemosynthesis uses chemicals instead. During chemosynthesis, some microorganisms use chemicals to produce energy, and deep-sea animals depend on microorganisms. Together, they set up a food system without sunlight. As a result, ▲.
On December 8th, 2025, Du Mengran was named one of Nature's 2025 Figures. Looking back on deep-sea exploration in China's submersible Fendouzhe, Du said, "Down in the deepest and darkest place on Earth, the pressure is unusually high and the environment is terribly difficult, but life still tries its best to stay alive."
1. 新趋势·写作手法 How does the writer explain such trenches cannot support life?
＞＞ 写作手法题解题策略见 P104 重点精讲
A. By giving numbers and facts.
B. By telling an interesting story.
C. By comparing different opinions.
D. By showing beautiful ocean scenes.
2. 新趋势·图示理解 According to the passage, which chart best matches the new deep-sea food chain?
A. sunlight →chemosynthesis→ microorganisms →feeding→ deep-sea animals
B. chemicals →chemosynthesis→ microorganisms →feeding→ deep-sea animals
C. chemicals →photosynthesis→ microorganisms →feeding→ plants
D. sunlight →photosynthesis→ microorganisms →feeding→ plants
＞＞ 补全文章题解题策略见 P27 重点精讲
3. 新趋势·补全文章 Which of the following sentences can be put into " ▲ "?
A. scientists start to rethink what sunlight really needs
B. plants take in much energy and keep sea water fresh
C. energy is no longer necessary for the new food system
D. scientists have changed how they understand life on Earth
4. Which student is most probably influenced by this passage?
A. Mark, "When I feel stressed, I will learn to stay as strong as deep-sea animals."
B. Candy, "We should stop hunting sharks for fins and protect endangered sharks."
C. Lucy, "We should protect the ocean and never throw rubbish and plastic into it."
D. Ben, "I want to be a computer programmer and invent AI tools when I grow up."
体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 8 min 正确率: /4
新素材·深海发现 "Can anything really live there?" Many people ask this question when they think of the deepest parts of the ocean. Deep in trenches(海沟) nearly 9,000 metres under the sea, there's no sunlight. The pressure can be about 1,000 times higher than at the surface, and the temperature is only 1−4℃. For years, scientists have believed such an environment on Earth cannot support life.
This idea seems reasonable. In most known ecosystems, sunlight is the starting point of the food chain. Microorganisms(微生物) and plants use sunlight to produce energy, and small animals get energy by feeding on them. Larger animals then depend on these smaller ones. Without sunlight, the food chain can't start. Scientists believe that unusually high pressure can harm cells(细胞) and make it hard for life to stay alive.
However, this idea started to change after Du Mengran, a Chinese scientist, and her team carried out their deep-sea research. These Chinese scientists were the first to discover amazing living things in the darkest and deepest parts of the ocean. These living things don't depend on sunlight. Instead, they get energy from chemicals found in the deep sea. The discovery shows that life on Earth can live in ways scientists have never imagined.
Their way of getting energy is called chemosynthesis, a process that deep-sea animals use to make energy in darkness. Unlike photosynthesis, which depends on sunlight, chemosynthesis uses chemicals instead. During chemosynthesis, some microorganisms use chemicals to produce energy, and deep-sea animals depend on microorganisms. Together, they set up a food system without sunlight. As a result, ▲.
On December 8th, 2025, Du Mengran was named one of Nature's 2025 Figures. Looking back on deep-sea exploration in China's submersible Fendouzhe, Du said, "Down in the deepest and darkest place on Earth, the pressure is unusually high and the environment is terribly difficult, but life still tries its best to stay alive."
1. 新趋势·写作手法 How does the writer explain such trenches cannot support life?
＞＞ 写作手法题解题策略见 P104 重点精讲
A. By giving numbers and facts.
B. By telling an interesting story.
C. By comparing different opinions.
D. By showing beautiful ocean scenes.
2. 新趋势·图示理解 According to the passage, which chart best matches the new deep-sea food chain?
A. sunlight →chemosynthesis→ microorganisms →feeding→ deep-sea animals
B. chemicals →chemosynthesis→ microorganisms →feeding→ deep-sea animals
C. chemicals →photosynthesis→ microorganisms →feeding→ plants
D. sunlight →photosynthesis→ microorganisms →feeding→ plants
＞＞ 补全文章题解题策略见 P27 重点精讲
3. 新趋势·补全文章 Which of the following sentences can be put into " ▲ "?
A. scientists start to rethink what sunlight really needs
B. plants take in much energy and keep sea water fresh
C. energy is no longer necessary for the new food system
D. scientists have changed how they understand life on Earth
4. Which student is most probably influenced by this passage?
A. Mark, "When I feel stressed, I will learn to stay as strong as deep-sea animals."
B. Candy, "We should stop hunting sharks for fins and protect endangered sharks."
C. Lucy, "We should protect the ocean and never throw rubbish and plastic into it."
D. Ben, "I want to be a computer programmer and invent AI tools when I grow up."
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家杜梦然及其团队发现深海中存在不依赖阳光，而是通过化学物质进行化学合成的独特生态系统。
1. A 写作手法题。根据第一段“Deep in trenches nearly 9,000 metres under the sea, there's no sunlight. The pressure can be about 1,000 times higher than at the surface, and the temperature is only 1 - 4°C.”可知作者用了具体数字 9 000 米、1 000 倍、1 - 4°C 和没有阳光、高压、低温的事实来解释海沟无法支持生命的原因。故选 A。
2. B 图示理解题。根据第四段“During chemosynthesis, some microorganisms use chemicals to produce energy, and deep - sea animals depend on microorganisms.”可知深海生物依靠化学物质进行化学合成，微生物通过化能合成产生能量，然后成为深海动物的食物，构成了新的食物链。故选 B。
3. D 补全文章题。根据第三段“The discovery shows that life on Earth can live in ways scientists have never imagined.”可知杜梦然及其团队发现深海中有不依赖阳光，而是通过化学合成获取能量的生物，表明生命存在方式的多样性；根据上文“Their way of getting energy is called chemosynthesis ... Together, they set up a food system without sunlight.”可知深海生物建立了不依赖阳光的食物系统，科学家对地球生命的理解发生了改变。D 项“科学家已经改变了他们对地球上生命的理解”呼应了“生命能以从未想象过的方式生存”。故选 D。
4. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Down in the deepest and darkest place on Earth, the pressure is unusually high and the environment is terribly difficult, but life still tries its best to stay alive.”可知深海环境恶劣，但生命仍竭尽全力地存活，表达了对顽强生命的敬畏之情。A 项“当我感到有压力时，我要学会像深海动物一样坚强。”从深海动物上获得励志感悟，符合全文的核心观点。故选 A。
1. A 写作手法题。根据第一段“Deep in trenches nearly 9,000 metres under the sea, there's no sunlight. The pressure can be about 1,000 times higher than at the surface, and the temperature is only 1 - 4°C.”可知作者用了具体数字 9 000 米、1 000 倍、1 - 4°C 和没有阳光、高压、低温的事实来解释海沟无法支持生命的原因。故选 A。
2. B 图示理解题。根据第四段“During chemosynthesis, some microorganisms use chemicals to produce energy, and deep - sea animals depend on microorganisms.”可知深海生物依靠化学物质进行化学合成，微生物通过化能合成产生能量，然后成为深海动物的食物，构成了新的食物链。故选 B。
3. D 补全文章题。根据第三段“The discovery shows that life on Earth can live in ways scientists have never imagined.”可知杜梦然及其团队发现深海中有不依赖阳光，而是通过化学合成获取能量的生物，表明生命存在方式的多样性；根据上文“Their way of getting energy is called chemosynthesis ... Together, they set up a food system without sunlight.”可知深海生物建立了不依赖阳光的食物系统，科学家对地球生命的理解发生了改变。D 项“科学家已经改变了他们对地球上生命的理解”呼应了“生命能以从未想象过的方式生存”。故选 D。
4. A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Down in the deepest and darkest place on Earth, the pressure is unusually high and the environment is terribly difficult, but life still tries its best to stay alive.”可知深海环境恶劣，但生命仍竭尽全力地存活，表达了对顽强生命的敬畏之情。A 项“当我感到有压力时，我要学会像深海动物一样坚强。”从深海动物上获得励志感悟，符合全文的核心观点。故选 A。
